Web

File Format
Name	Web
Ontology	Electronic File Formats Web
Released	1990

Formats connected with the World Wide Web, though most of them overlap into other categories; basically everything that can be put in a file format of any sort can be put on the Web, and a multiplicity of types of documents, graphics, audio, video, markup, programming languages, and more, are used there. The Web is a variety of hypermedia, by far the most successful one.

Blogging and web hosting platforms

• Blogger
• Posterous
• Xanga

Cloud platforms

• Amazon Web Services (AWS)
• Google Cloud
• Heroku
• IBM Cloud
• Microsoft Azure Cloud

Content management systems

• Drupal
• WordPress

Development software

• Dreamweaver site settings file (.ste)
• Homestead SiteBuilder (.hc, .xpf)
• Master Album Maker (.mmp)

Feeds, syndication, and metadata

• Atom (syndication format)
• h-entry (Microformats, was part of HAtom until split and renamed in microformats2)
• h-feed (Microformats, was part of HAtom until split and renamed in microformats2)
• hListing (Microformats; product/service listings)
• hMedia (Microformats; image/video/audio metadata)
• hNews (Microformats; news articles)
• h-resume (Microformats; resumes/CVs)
• h-review (Microformats; ratings/reviews)
• opencomic (syndication of webcomics)
• OPML
• RDF
  • RDFa (linked data in HTML)
• RSS

Markup, documents and data

• 3DMLW (3D Markup Language for Web)
• Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP)
• BBCode
• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
  • Sass (pre-processor for CSS)
• Compressed Markup Language (CML, PQA; used in PalmOS)
• HTML/XHTML
• Markdeep
• Markdown
• MHTML
• Wiki markup
• WML
• WOFF

Program/system-specific files (browser/server/OS/etc)

General

• Web browser files (bookmarks, cookies, configurations, etc.)
• Web server files (server configuration, etc.)

Specific

• Internet Shortcut (Windows)
• Webloc (Mac OS X)

Protocols and parameters

• Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
• DNS
• Domain name
  • Top-level domain
• Gopher
• HTTP
  • HPACK (HTTP)
• HTTPS
• IP address
• IPV6
• JSON API
• Linked Data Platform
• MIME types
• QUIC
• SOAP
• TCP/IP
• Tor
• URLs (and URIs, URNs, etc.)
  • URL encoding
• WAP
• WebDAV

Scripts/Applets/Plug-Ins/Frameworks/APIs/Templating

• Active Server Pages (ASP)
• ActiveX
• Audio Data API (Mozilla)
• BrowserFS
• ECMAScript
• Java
• JavaScript
• JavaServer Pages (JSP)
• Liquid (.liquid)
• MediaStream Processing API
• .Net Framework
• node.js
• NPAPI
• Open Web App Manifest (.webapp)
• PHP
• React
• Server Side Includes
• Shockwave (Director)
• Silverlight
• SWF (Flash)
• VBScript
• Web Audio API
• WMLScript

Site dumps, multi-file packaging, and offline reading

• ARC (Internet Archive)
• HAR (HTTP Archive)
• MAFF (Mozilla Archive Format)
• Package (Web)
• PackageForTheWeb
• Portable Web Publications
• WARC
• Webarchive (Safari)
• XOWA
• Zeno
• ZIM

Miscellaneous

• Adobe Cross Domain Policy File (crossdomain.xml)
• Ads.txt
• Canonical Link Relation (rel="canonical")
• Content Security Policy
• DWF - AutoDesk's Design Web Format; AutoCAD & Revit can publish to this format; similar in concept to PDF files; AutoDesk Design Review is the reader
• Favicon
• Form URL encoding
• Galen (framework for testing responsive sites)
• JSON-LD (JSON for linked data)
• Mark of the Web
• Multipart/Form-Data
• Open Graph protocol
• OpenSearch Description
• P3P (Platform for Privacy Preferences)
• Percent-encoding
• rel-author (Microformats; link to author homepage)
• rel-home (Microformats; link to site homepage)
• rel-license (Microformats; link to site license)
• rel-nofollow (Microformats; gets robots to ignore link)
• rel-payment (Microformats; link to payment method)
• rel-tag (Microformats)
• Robots Exclusion Standard (robots.txt)
• Security.txt
• Sitemap
• URL shorteners
• Web Annotation Protocol
• Web-safe colors

See also

See also E-Mail, newsgroups, and forums (a number of web-based messaging/social-networking things are there)

External links

History

• Arthur C. Clarke predicts computers and the Internet in 1974
• Tim Berners-Lee discusses Web protocols/formats in Jan 1992
• What the Internet looked like in 1995
• 1996 Internet Step-By-Step Guide video
• 1997 "Kids' Guide to the Internet" video
• 1998: prognosticator predicts "By 2005 or so, it will become clear that the Internet's impact on the economy has been no greater than the fax machine's"
• First posts on famous websites
• Internet Archaeology: Behold the Most Hilarious Abandoned Websites

Privacy and security

• Paranoid Browsing plug-in
• Justdelete.me: Delete your account on lots of web services
• Throw off the spooks by disguising your web traffic
• Disconnect: visualize and block invisible websites that track you
• How's My SSL? (tests the security of your browser)
• Check URL for stuff Websense thinks is malicious or might be subject to filtering for some reason
• Brandis Reassures Australians: Data Retention Laws Only For People Using World Wide Web

Commentary

• How to search the Web like the NSA
• If I could, I would repeal the Internet
• Meet the Hackers Who Want to Jailbreak the Internet
• W3C statement about adding DRM/content protection to web standards
• What Bruce Sterling Actually Said About Web 2.0 at Webstock 09
• To Wash It All Away
• What is still on the web after 10 years of archiving?
• Symmetrical web archiving

Tools and utilities

• Web archiving tools and software
• Three Tools for the Web-Savvy Historian: Memento, Zotero, and WebCite
• Archival Acid Test (tests whether web archivers preserve functionality)
• warcbase: A web archive browser built on HBase
• Ad Detector: flags sponsored content
• Sketchy: takes screenshots and scrapes text from web pages
• Using ImagePlot to Explore Web Archived Images
• BrowserStack screenshot automation
• Memento "time travel" extension for Chrome
  • BibSonomy and Memento
  • RFC 7089 - proposed HTTP protocol extension for date-time negotiation
  • Time travel API documentation
• The Web, Annotated
• WebRecorder: create archival copies of sites you browse
• Carbon dating the Web
• Web Search by the people, for the people
• Builtwith: shows what tools are behind a site
• Ping me when a standard is supported by 90% of browsers
• Resources to Search the Invisible Web
• Download virtual machines running various versions of MSIE
• CodePen: in-browser HTML/CSS/JS editor with instant results
• Netcapsule: Browse old websites in emulated old browsers
• Deslide: Display those web slideshows on one page
• oldweb.today: View old web pages in emulations of old browsers
• ArchiveSpark: Apache Spark framework that facilitates access to Web Archives
• HyperDev: developer playground for building web apps (More info)

Other

• Mozilla's Web Literacy Standard
• Chasing the Cicada: Exploring the Darkest Corridors of the Internet
• The average lifespan of a webpage (2011)
• A longitudinal study of Web pages continued: a consideration of document persistence (2004)
• The Conservatives' website purge has destroyed history
• Front end of gov.uk site, downloadable from Github
• Downworthy: A browser plugin to turn hyperbolic viral headlines into what they really mean
• Flex the power of cURL for web dev testing and data transfers
• mcurl: Command line memento client to retrieve old versions of web pages from archives
• Surfing modern web with ancient browsers
• Web at 25
• Restoring a 14 year old website
• Internet Archive 404 Not Found Handler
• Web archiving policies of various archives and national libraries
• Information Search in Web Archives (academic thesis)
• Bookmarklets are dead... we just don't know it yet
• Improving color on the web