Sources

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If you're looking for places to pull either file format information, or to verify stuff you've found, or to go that extra mile to track down variations, here's some similar endeavors and items.

List of Places Keeping Track of Formats

URL Notes
FileInfo A vast catalog of file extensions, but the data they give is very minimal.
FilExt Similar to FileInfo
Forensics Wiki
http://archivematica.org/preservation
http://www.fileformat.info/
http://www.ace.net.nz/tech/TechFileFormat.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats Also wikipedia:Template:Infobox file format (pages using this template)
Wikidata we can use SPARQL to query for MIME types or file extensions.
The PRONOM format registry
http://wiki.multimedia.cx
http://archive.org/download/file-format-encyclopedia/fileformat.zip
http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/descriptions.shtml
http://www.udfr.org/ See also http://gdfr.info/
http://gitorious.org/re-lab Tools & specs from re-lab- graphics formats, and office formats
http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/documents/AudioFormats/index.html Documentation, details, specs, and samples for a handful of audio formats
http://wiki.xentax.com/index.php/Game_File_Format_Central This wiki is the home of the most game (archive) file format knowledge in the world.
http://mark0.net/soft-trid-e.html Home to TrID, which can identify a vast number of file formats using an updateable database
http://mark0.net/soft-trid-deflist.html Online searchable version of the TrID database file
http://file-extension.net/seeker/ Metasearch engine for file extensions. Find info about unknown file extensions or filetypes
http://www.vgmpf.com/Wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page the Videogame Music Preservation Foundation Wiki has information on a number of formats used to play back videogame music
http://hackipedia.org/File%20formats/ loads of info on various formats here
http://wiki.mobileread.com/wiki/E-book_formats detailed information on e-Book formats.
http://mediapedia.nla.gov.au/ "The Mediapedia resource is intended to enable the identification of various physical media carrier types for assisting with collection planning, assessment, documentation, infrastructure and preservation planning for the content they hold. These could include media across various genres such as cine, video, photo, audio, data, paper carriers, microfilm, etc."
http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/TR/Formats Small list of formats with detailed descriptions of some known access/preservation problems.
CASPAR/DCC Representation Information Repository
The Software Ontology
KEEP Totem Also covers software, hardware etc.
Dead Media Archives
The >4000 formats known to FI Tools
by extension
by MIME type
Python source code for mimetypes module /etc/mimetypes on *nix systems defines a number of file formats and MIME types
http://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/key-digital-principles Recommended Audio formats by Audiovisual Archives and Institutions
http://www.gpsbabel.org/capabilities.html List of formats used by GPS devices
Microsoft's Open Document Specifications
http://mamedev.org/source/src/lib/formats/index.html
http://mamedev.org/source/src/mess/formats/index.html
Format handlers for disk images, cassette images, and memory snapshots/quickloads in the MESS source code.
http://minidisc.org A lot of minidisc related info
http://cool.conservation-us.org/ Conservation Online
http://filext.com/ File Extensions with MIME types
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats_(alphabetical) Wikipedia list of file formats (alphabetical)
http://ist.uwaterloo.ca/~schepers/formats.html The C64 file formats list
http://3dbrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats Nintendo 3DS file formats
IANA MIME Media Types lots of useful info here and often quite detailed as well
msoscheme Project that creates a machine-readable description of the binary file formats of Microsoft Office
http://www.schnarff.com/file-formats/ File Formats documentation collection
The Format Registry
http://www.freebase.com/computer/file_format?instances= Freebase instances in category "File Format"
https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/src/default/hachoir-parser/hachoir_parser/ Hachoir file format parsers
https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/wiki/FileFormatResources Hachoir list of file format resources
https://theiphonewiki.com/wiki/Category:File_Formats iPhone related file formats
Synalize It File-format grammars
Binwalk Can recognise and extract data in many formats embedded inside firmware images
http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/fonts/X-Window-System-fonts.html Good info about the Fonts on Windows X system
http://www.online-convert.com/file-type
https://melog.info/archives/2004/09/30223144.html PC98 disk image formats (Japanese)
http://lclevy.free.fr/amiga/formats.html Amiga file formats
http://hitmen.c02.at/files/yagcd/yagcd/ Contains Nintendo GameCube file formats
https://wiibrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats Files related to the Nintendo Wii
http://wiki.tockdom.com/wiki/Category:File_Format File formats related to the Mario Kart games
https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/File_Formats_Recovered_By_PhotoRec File Format Signatures used in data recovery
Atari Forum Wiki
http://www.undocprint.org/ Information on printing-related formats, languages, and protocols
https://extension.nirsoft.net Contains program data related to files.

The following resources are no longer available:

URL Notes
http://wotsit.org/ (their download page is broken. need to ping webmaster about that.)
http://unarchiver.c3.cx/formats (View on the Wayback Machine)
http://rewiki.regengedanken.de/ Game reverse-engineering (View on the Wayback Machine)

Emulation

  • http://nonmess.retrogames.com/ - Emulator listing for various computer formats, including MESS and single-machine emulators.
  • The Emulation Framework is software developed by the international KEEP project, co-funded by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme.

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