Programming Languages

File Format
Name	Programming Languages
Ontology	Languages Programming Languages
Released	~1950
Babbage's Difference Engine

Programming languages are languages expected to be executed (interpreted, compiled, etc.) by a machine in order to perform operations or algorithms. They are distinct from markup languages, which represent the structure of a document rather than specific operations to be performed, though it is possible to combine both in a document (e.g., HTML containing embedded JavaScript, or PHP code which includes HTML). Programming language code is stored as source code which may be directly interpreted by a machine or compiled or assembled into executables.

• ActionScript (Flash)
• Ada
• ALGOL
• APL
• Assembly language (various versions for different machine architectures)
• B
• BASIC (Beginner's All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
• Batch file (DOS, Windows, OS/2)
• BCPL
• Bourne shell script: .sh
• C
• C++
• C#
• COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language)
• COMAL
• D
• dBase programming language (and related languages such as FoxPro and Clipper)
• Erlang
• FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation)
• Graphics Programming Language (GPL) (mid-level language on TI computers)
• Haskell
• INTERCAL
• Java
• JavaScript (JScript, ECMAscript)
• LISP
• Logo
• Lua
• Machine language (various versions for different machine architectures)
• Matlab
• MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System)
• Music Macro Language
• Objective-C (used in Mac and iOS development)
• Pascal
• Perl
• PHP
• Pixilang
• PL/I
• Programmable calculators
• Programmable Command Language (PCL), for TOPS-20
• Prolog
• Python
• RobotWar
• RPG
• Ruby
• Scratch
• Smalltalk
• SNOBOL
• SQL
• TRAC programming language
• TUTOR

Interactive Fiction engines often use specialized programming languages for game development.

Resources

• A comprehensive list of over 2000 programming languages and a small sample programs for each of them is available here
• Rosetta Code attempts to present solutions to the same task in different programming languages.
• A Brief, Incomplete, and Mostly Wrong History of Programming Languages