TIFF

File Format
Name	TIFF
Ontology	Electronic File Formats Graphics TIFF
Extension(s)	.tiff, .tif
MIME Type(s)	image/tiff
LoCFDD	fdd000022
PRONOM	fmt/353

TIFF, formerly known as Tag(ged) Image File Format, is an image format capable of storing multiple high quality images in a single file.

A TIFF image may be uncompressed or use a compression scheme internally. Two of the most widely used compression schemes in TIFF files are lossless, including LZW and, for bitonal images CCITT Group 4, as used for facsimile transmission [fax]. JPEG baseline DCT-based lossy compression is also used.

Several subtypes and extensions of TIFF exist, including: TIFF/EP, TIFF/IT, DNG, GeoTIFF, and BigTIFF. Multi-image TIFFs may represent sequences of images (such as scanned pages of a document), image tiles, or different versions of the same image, for example Pyramid TIFFs that incorporate images at different resolutions (often tiled). Some software that can read and display a TIFF file may only open the primary image.

Specifications

• TIFF, Revision 6.0 (1992-06-03)
  • TIFF Revision 5.0 (1988-08-08)
    • HTML
    • Text
  • Tag Image File Format Rev 4.0 (1987-04-31)
    • HTML
    • Text
• Adobe PageMaker 6.0 TIFF Technical Notes (1995-09-14)
• Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Notes (2002-03-22)
• Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Note 3 (2005-04-08)

Versions / Conformance levels

• TIFF/IT-FP (Final page data)
• TIFF/IT-CT (Colour continuous-tone picture image data)
• TIFF/IT-LW (Color line-art image data)
• TIFF/IT-HC (High-resolution continuous-tone image data)
• TIFF/IT-MP (Monochrome continuous-tone picture image data)
• TIFF/IT-BP (Binary Picture image data)
• TIFF/IT-BL (Binary line-art image data)
• TIFF/IT-SD (Screened data image data)

Metadata tags

• http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/TIFF_Metadata_Final.pdf
• http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/content/tiff_tags.shtml

Compression

Tag 259 indicates the image compression scheme, as a coded integer. Some of the defined compression schemes are listed below.

Code	Compression scheme
1	uncompressed
2, 32771	1-dimensional CCITT Group 3. Essentially the same as compression code 3, but with different settings. There are no end-of-line markers, and each row is aligned on a byte boundary (or a 2-byte boundary for code 32771).
3	1- or 2-dimensional CCITT Group 3, depending on the value of T4Options bit 0.
4	CCITT Group 4
5	LZW
6, 7	JPEG
8, 32946	DEFLATE
32773	PackBits
32809	ThunderScan compression
34661	JBIG
34712	JPEG2000

Related formats

Tag 32932 contains TIFF annotation data.

Tag 33723 contains IPTC data.

Tag 34377 contains Photoshop Image Resources.

Tags 34665 (Exif IFD), 34853 (GPS IFD), and 40965 (Interoperability IFD) point to Exif directories.

Tag 34675 contains an ICC profile.

Sample images

• http://www.fileformat.info/format/tiff/sample/index.htm
• http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/images.html
• http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/data/tif/tif.html
• https://github.com/openplanets/format-corpus/tree/master/tiff-examples

See also

• Category:TIFF

External links

• Adobe Developer Resources for TIFF
• LibTIFF
• TIFF.js
• JHOVE2 TIFF Module Specification 2.0.0 (useful TIFF information)
• TIFF Tag: Compression