TIFF

From Just Solve the File Format Problem
(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
(Identification)
Line 3: Line 3:
 
|subcat=Graphics
 
|subcat=Graphics
 
|thiscat=TIFF
 
|thiscat=TIFF
−
|extensions={{ext|tiff}}, {{ext|tif}}
+
|extensions={{ext|tif}}, {{ext|tiff}}
 
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/tiff}}
 
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/tiff}}
 
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000022}}
 
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000022}}
Line 10: Line 10:
 
'''TIFF''', formerly known as '''Tag(ged) Image File Format''', is an image format capable of storing multiple high quality images in a single file.
 
'''TIFF''', formerly known as '''Tag(ged) Image File Format''', is an image format capable of storing multiple high quality images in a single file.
  
−
A TIFF image may be uncompressed or use a compression scheme internally.  Two of the most widely used compression schemes in TIFF files are lossless, including [[LZW]] and, for bitonal images [[CCITT Group 4]], as used for facsimile transmission [fax].  JPEG baseline DCT-based lossy compression is also used.
+
A TIFF image may be uncompressed or use a compression scheme internally.  Two of the most widely used compression schemes in TIFF files are lossless, including [[LZW]] and, for bitonal images [[CCITT Group 4]], as used for facsimile transmission [fax].  [[JPEG]] baseline DCT-based lossy compression is also used.
  
−
Several subtypes and extensions of [[TIFF]] exist, including [[TIFF/EP]], [[TIFF/IT]], [[DNG]], [[GeoTIFF]], [[TIFF-FX]], and [[BigTIFF]].  Multi-image TIFFs may represent sequences of images (such as scanned pages of a document), image tiles, or different versions of the same image, for example Pyramid TIFFs that incorporate images at different resolutions (often tiled).  Some software that can read and display a TIFF file may only open the primary image.
+
Several subtypes and extensions of [[TIFF]] exist, including [[TIFF/EP]], [[TIFF/IT]], [[DNG]], [[GeoTIFF]], [[TIFF-FX]], and [[BigTIFF]].  Multi-image TIFFs may represent sequences of images (such as scanned pages of a document), image tiles, or different versions of the same image, for example Pyramid TIFFs that incorporate images at different resolutions (often tiled).  Some software that can read and display a TIFF file may only open the primary image.
 +
 
 +
== Identification ==
 +
TIFF files begin with bytes <code>4D 4D 00 2A</code> (big-[[Endianness|endian]]), or <code>49 49 2A 00</code> (little-endian).
 +
 
 +
This does not account for [[BigTIFF]] format, which may or may not be considered to be a kind of TIFF.
  
 
== Specifications ==
 
== Specifications ==
  
 
* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFF6.pdf TIFF, Revision 6.0] (1992-06-03)
 
* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFF6.pdf TIFF, Revision 6.0] (1992-06-03)
−
** TIFF Revision 5.0 (1988-08-08)
+
* TIFF Revision 5.0 (1988-08-08): [http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff5.html HTML], [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/TIFF-5.txt Text]
−
*** [http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff5.html HTML]
+
* Tag Image File Format Rev 4.0 (1987-04-31): [http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff4.html HTML], [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/TIFF-4.txt Text]
−
*** [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/TIFF-5.txt Text]
+
−
** Tag Image File Format Rev 4.0 (1987-04-31)
+
−
*** [http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff4.html HTML]
+
−
*** [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/TIFF-4.txt Text]
+
 
* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFPM6.pdf Adobe PageMaker 6.0 TIFF Technical Notes] (1995-09-14)
 
* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFPM6.pdf Adobe PageMaker 6.0 TIFF Technical Notes] (1995-09-14)
 
* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFphotoshop.pdf Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Notes] (2002-03-22) - Defines tag 37724, compression types 7 and 8, photometric interpretation types 8 and 9
 
* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFphotoshop.pdf Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Notes] (2002-03-22) - Defines tag 37724, compression types 7 and 8, photometric interpretation types 8 and 9

Revision as of 15:29, 15 February 2014

File Format
Name TIFF
Ontology
Extension(s) .tif, .tiff
MIME Type(s) image/tiff
LoCFDD fdd000022
PRONOM fmt/353

TIFF, formerly known as Tag(ged) Image File Format, is an image format capable of storing multiple high quality images in a single file.

A TIFF image may be uncompressed or use a compression scheme internally. Two of the most widely used compression schemes in TIFF files are lossless, including LZW and, for bitonal images CCITT Group 4, as used for facsimile transmission [fax]. JPEG baseline DCT-based lossy compression is also used.

Several subtypes and extensions of TIFF exist, including TIFF/EP, TIFF/IT, DNG, GeoTIFF, TIFF-FX, and BigTIFF. Multi-image TIFFs may represent sequences of images (such as scanned pages of a document), image tiles, or different versions of the same image, for example Pyramid TIFFs that incorporate images at different resolutions (often tiled). Some software that can read and display a TIFF file may only open the primary image.

Contents

Identification

TIFF files begin with bytes 4D 4D 00 2A (big-endian), or 49 49 2A 00 (little-endian).

This does not account for BigTIFF format, which may or may not be considered to be a kind of TIFF.

Specifications

Metadata tags

Compression

Tag 259 indicates the image compression scheme, as a coded integer. Some of the known compression schemes are listed below. Some of these are not used in genuine TIFF files, but only in other TIFF-like formats.

Code Compression scheme
1 uncompressed
2 CCITTRLE. 1-dimensional CCITT Group 3. Essentially the same as code 3, but with different settings. There are no end-of-line markers, and each row is aligned on a byte boundary. See this description from the Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats.
3 1- or 2-dimensional CCITT Group 3, depending on the value of T4Options bit 0.
4 CCITT Group 4
5 LZW
6 "Old style" JPEG
7 "New style" JPEG
8 DEFLATE
9, 10 JBIG (refer to TIFF-FX)
32766 NeXT 2-bit RLE
32767 Sony ARW (unconfirmed)
32769 Packed RAW / NIKON_PACK (unconfirmed)
32770 Samsung SRW (unconfirmed)
32771 CCITTRLEW. Same as code 2, except that rows are aligned on a 2-byte boundary.
32773 PackBits
32809 ThunderScan compression
32867 Kodak KDC (unconfirmed)
32895, 32896, 32897, 32898 IT8CTPAD, IT8LW, IT8MP, IT8BL (refer to TIFF/IT)
32908 PIXARFILM. Pixar 10-bit LZW
32909 PIXARLOG. Pixar companded 11-bit ZIP
32946 DEFLATE (same as code 8)
32947 Kodak DCS
34661 JBIG
34676 SGILOG. 32-bit SGI Log Luminance RLE
34677 SGILOG24. 24-bit SGI Log Luminance packed
34692 (Refer to LuraDocument Format.)
34712 JPEG 2000
34713 (Refer to Nikon NEF.)
34715 JBIG2 (TIFF-FX extension)
34718, 34719, 34720 (Refer to MDI.)
34892 Lossy JPEG (refer to DNG)

Private/rogue compression codes:

Code Compression scheme
99 JPEG (unconfirmed)
262 Kodak 262 (unconfirmed)
65000 Kodak DCR (unconfirmed)
65535 Pentax PEF (unconfirmed)

Color types

Tag 262 indicates the color type ("photometric interpretation") of the image, as a coded integer. Some of the known color types are listed below.

Code Color type
0 Grayscale or bi-level, white is 0
1 Grayscale or bi-level, black is 0
2 RGB
3 Palette color
5 CMYK
6 YCbCr
8 CIE L*a*b*
9 ICC L*a*b*
10 ITU L*a*b* (refer to TIFF-FX)
32803 CFA (refer to DNG)
32844 CIE Log2(L)
32845 CIE Log2(L) (u',v')
34892 LinearRaw (refer to DNG)

Related formats

See also Category:TIFF.

Tag 32932 contains TIFF annotation data.

Tag 33723 contains IPTC data.

Tag 34377 contains Photoshop Image Resources.

Tags 34665 (Exif IFD), 34853 (GPS IFD), and 40965 (Interoperability IFD) point to Exif directories.

Tag 34675 contains an ICC profile.

Tag 37724 (ImageSourceData) contains "Layer and Mask Information" from PSD format.

Sample images

External links

Retrieved from "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=TIFF&oldid=16211"
Personal tools
Namespaces

Variants
Actions
Navigation
Toolbox