TIFF
From Just Solve the File Format Problem
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This does not account for [[BigTIFF]] format, which may or may not be considered to be a kind of TIFF. | This does not account for [[BigTIFF]] format, which may or may not be considered to be a kind of TIFF. | ||
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== Compression == | == Compression == | ||
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* [[Cameras and Digital Image Sensors|Raw camera formats]] are often based on TIFF. | * [[Cameras and Digital Image Sensors|Raw camera formats]] are often based on TIFF. | ||
| − | == | + | == Specifications == |
| + | * [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFF6.pdf TIFF, Revision 6.0] (1992-06-03) | ||
| + | * TIFF Revision 5.0 (1988-08-08): [http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff5.html HTML], [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/TIFF-5.txt Text] | ||
| + | * Tag Image File Format Rev 4.0 (1987-04-31): [http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff4.html HTML], [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/TIFF-4.txt Text] | ||
| + | * [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFPM6.pdf Adobe PageMaker 6.0 TIFF Technical Notes] (1995-09-14) | ||
| + | * [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFphotoshop.pdf Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Notes] (2002-03-22) - Defines tag 37724, compression types 7 and 8, photometric interpretation types 8 and 9 | ||
| + | * [http://chriscox.org/TIFFTN3d1.pdf Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Note 3] (2005-04-08) | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Metadata tags === | ||
| + | * http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/TIFF_Metadata_Final.pdf | ||
| + | * http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/content/tiff_tags.shtml | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Software == | ||
| + | Most multi-format image viewers and editors support TIFF to some extent. Applications listed here have been selected arbitrarily. | ||
| + | * [http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/ LibTIFF] | ||
| + | * [https://github.com/GPHemsley/tiff-js TIFF.js] | ||
| + | * [[XnView]] | ||
| + | * [http://www.irfanview.com/ IrfanView] | ||
| + | == Sample files == | ||
* http://www.fileformat.info/format/tiff/sample/index.htm | * http://www.fileformat.info/format/tiff/sample/index.htm | ||
* http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/images.html | * http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/images.html | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
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* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/tiff/index.html Adobe Developer Resources for TIFF] | * [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/tiff/index.html Adobe Developer Resources for TIFF] | ||
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* [https://bytebucket.org/jhove2/main/wiki/documents/JHOVE2-TIFF-module-spec-2-0-0.pdf JHOVE2 TIFF Module Specification 2.0.0] (useful TIFF information) | * [https://bytebucket.org/jhove2/main/wiki/documents/JHOVE2-TIFF-module-spec-2-0-0.pdf JHOVE2 TIFF Module Specification 2.0.0] (useful TIFF information) | ||
* [http://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/tifftags/compression.html TIFF Tag: Compression] | * [http://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/tifftags/compression.html TIFF Tag: Compression] | ||
[[Category:Adobe]] | [[Category:Adobe]] | ||
Revision as of 15:52, 27 September 2014
TIFF, formerly known as Tag(ged) Image File Format, is an image format capable of storing multiple high quality images in a single file.
A TIFF image may be uncompressed or use a compression scheme internally. Two of the most widely used compression schemes in TIFF files are lossless, including LZW and, for bitonal images CCITT Group 4, as used for facsimile transmission [fax]. JPEG baseline DCT-based lossy compression is also used.
Several subtypes and extensions of TIFF exist, including TIFF/EP, TIFF/IT, DNG, GeoTIFF, TIFF-FX, and BigTIFF. Multi-image TIFFs may represent sequences of images (such as scanned pages of a document), image tiles, or different versions of the same image, for example Pyramid TIFFs that incorporate images at different resolutions (often tiled). Some software that can read and display a TIFF file may only open the primary image.
Contents |
Identification
TIFF files begin with bytes 4D 4D 00 2A (big-endian), or 49 49 2A 00 (little-endian).
This does not account for BigTIFF format, which may or may not be considered to be a kind of TIFF.
Compression
Tag 259 indicates the image compression scheme, as a coded integer. Some of the known compression schemes are listed below. Some of these are not used in genuine TIFF files, but only in other TIFF-like formats.
| Code | Compression scheme |
|---|---|
| 1 | uncompressed |
| 2 | CCITTRLE. 1-dimensional CCITT Group 3. Essentially the same as code 3, but with different settings. There are no end-of-line markers, and each row is aligned on a byte boundary. See this description from the Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats. |
| 3 | 1- or 2-dimensional CCITT Group 3, depending on the value of T4Options bit 0. |
| 4 | CCITT Group 4 |
| 5 | LZW |
| 6 | "Old style" JPEG |
| 7 | "New style" JPEG |
| 8 | DEFLATE |
| 9, 10 | JBIG (refer to TIFF-FX) |
| 32766 | NeXT 2-bit RLE |
| 32767 | (Used by Sony ARW.) |
| 32769 | Packed RAW / NIKON_PACK (Used by Epson ERF.) |
| 32770 | (Used by Samsung SRW.) |
| 32771 | CCITTRLEW. Same as code 2, except that rows are aligned on a 2-byte boundary. |
| 32773 | PackBits |
| 32809 | ThunderScan compression |
| 32867 | Kodak KDC (unconfirmed) |
| 32895, 32896, 32897, 32898 | IT8CTPAD, IT8LW, IT8MP, IT8BL (refer to TIFF/IT) |
| 32908 | PIXARFILM. Pixar 10-bit LZW |
| 32909 | PIXARLOG. Pixar companded 11-bit ZIP |
| 32946 | DEFLATE (same as code 8) |
| 32947 | (Used by Kodak DCS.) |
| 34661 | JBIG |
| 34676 | SGILOG. 32-bit SGI Log Luminance RLE |
| 34677 | SGILOG24. 24-bit SGI Log Luminance packed |
| 34692 | (Used by LuraDocument Format.) |
| 34712 | JPEG 2000 |
| 34713 | (Used by Nikon NEF.) |
| 34715 | JBIG2 (TIFF-FX extension) |
| 34718, 34719, 34720 | (Used by MDI.) |
| 34892 | Lossy JPEG (refer to DNG) |
Private/rogue compression codes:
| Code | Compression scheme |
|---|---|
| 99 | JPEG (Used by Leaf MOS.) |
| 262 | Kodak 262 (unconfirmed) |
| 65000 | (Used by Kodak DCR.) |
| 65535 | (Used by Pentax PEF.) |
Color types
Tag 262 indicates the color type ("photometric interpretation") of the image, as a coded integer. Some of the known color types are listed below.
| Code | Color type |
|---|---|
| 0 | Grayscale or bi-level, white is 0 |
| 1 | Grayscale or bi-level, black is 0 |
| 2 | RGB |
| 3 | Palette color |
| 5 | CMYK |
| 6 | YCbCr |
| 8 | CIE L*a*b* |
| 9 | ICC L*a*b* |
| 10 | ITU L*a*b* (refer to TIFF-FX) |
| 32803 | CFA (refer to DNG) |
| 32844 | CIE Log2(L) |
| 32845 | CIE Log2(L) (u',v') |
| 34892 | LinearRaw (refer to DNG) |
Related formats
See also Category:TIFF.
- Tag 32932 contains TIFF annotation data.
- Tag 33723 contains IPTC data.
- Tag 34377 contains Photoshop Image Resources.
- Tags 34665 (Exif IFD), 34853 (GPS IFD), and 40965 (Interoperability IFD) point to Exif directories.
- Tag 34675 contains an ICC profile.
- Tag 37724 (ImageSourceData) contains "Layer and Mask Information" from PSD format.
- Raw camera formats are often based on TIFF.
Specifications
- TIFF, Revision 6.0 (1992-06-03)
- TIFF Revision 5.0 (1988-08-08): HTML, Text
- Tag Image File Format Rev 4.0 (1987-04-31): HTML, Text
- Adobe PageMaker 6.0 TIFF Technical Notes (1995-09-14)
- Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Notes (2002-03-22) - Defines tag 37724, compression types 7 and 8, photometric interpretation types 8 and 9
- Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Note 3 (2005-04-08)
Metadata tags
- http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/TIFF_Metadata_Final.pdf
- http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/content/tiff_tags.shtml
Software
Most multi-format image viewers and editors support TIFF to some extent. Applications listed here have been selected arbitrarily.
Sample files
- http://www.fileformat.info/format/tiff/sample/index.htm
- http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/images.html
- http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/data/tif/tif.html
- https://github.com/openplanets/format-corpus/tree/master/tiff-examples
External links
- Adobe Developer Resources for TIFF
- JHOVE2 TIFF Module Specification 2.0.0 (useful TIFF information)
- TIFF Tag: Compression
