Steganography

File Format
Name	Steganography
Ontology	Electronic File Formats Encryption Steganography

Steganography is a class of encryption in which the very fact that information exists is obscured. For example, an innocent-looking PNG image could contain a secret message encoded in its seemingly-random least-significant bits. Assuming the algorithm is sufficiently secure, it would be impossible to know whether the message exists or not, unless you know the secret key.

Formats

For a list of formats, see Encryption#Steganography.

Detection

• Ben-4D Steganalysis Software - Detects JPHS (JPHide/JPSeek), LSB, Invisible Secrets v4.0, Fuse, Camouflage v1.2.1
• Stegdetect - Detects JSteg, JPHS (JPHide/JPSeek), Invisible Secrets, OutGuess 01.3b, F5 (header analysis), appendX and Camouflage
• StegSpy - Detects JPHS (JPHide/JPSeek), Hiderman, Masker, JPegX, Invisible Secrets
• ZSteg - Detects LSB steganography in PNG & BMP, zlib-compressed data, OpenStego, Camouflage 1.2.1, LSB with the Eratosthenes set
  • Tutorial
• Steganalysis papers by Hany Farid
  • Detecting Steganographic Messages in Digital Images - JSteg, EZStego, OutGuess
    • Matlab source code
  • Detecting Hidden Messages Using Higher-Order Statistical Models - JSteg, EZStego, OutGuess

Cracking

• StegBreak (included with Stegdetect) - dictionary attacks against JSteg-Shell, JPHS (JPHide/JPSeek) and OutGuess 01.3b
• Stegseek - dictionary attacks against steghide
• StegCracker - dictionary attacks against steghide
• StegBrute - dictionary attacks against steghide

General

• Aletheia
  • Detects F5, Steghide, LSB replacement, LSB matching and some kind of adaptive schemes
  • Dictionary attacks on steghide, OutGuess, OpenStego
• Stegano
  • steganalysis of LSB encoding in color images
  • statistical steganalysis
• StegoHunt MP and StegoCommand
  • StegoHunt: identifies thousands of steganography, stegware and data hiding applications
  • StegoAnalyst: DCT coefficients, color pairs, etc
  • StegoBreak: Dictionary attacks against many steganography programs
  • StegoCommand: Statistical and structural anomalies, data appending and prepending, misplaced or suspect text or binary
• StegoSuit - perform ELA (Error Level Analysis), String, Threshold, Edge and Metadata analysis of any image
• Stegosuite Analysis - chi square, LSB visualization, histogram (neighborhood, pixels difference, pov), sorted color table attack

Research

Filesystem

• The Steganographic File System
• Hiding Data Accesses in Steganographic File System
• StegFS: A Steganographic File System PANG, Hwee Hwa; TAN, Kian-Lee; and ZHOU, Xuan. (2003)
• DEFY: A Deniable, Encrypted File System for Log Structured Storage Peters, Timothy & Gondree, Mark & Peterson, Zachary. (2015)
• Wikipedia article

See also

• Data Hiding/Embedding
• Digital watermark

Links

• Wikipedia: Steganography
• Wikipedia: Deniable encryption