Scientific Data formats

File Formats

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Electronic File Formats

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Scientific Data formats

General

• cdf (Common Data Format)
• EAS3 (binary file format for structured data)
• hdf (Hierarchical Data Format, from NASA)
• NetCDF (Network Common Data Format)
• SDF (Simple Data Format, a platform-independent, precision-preserving binary data I/O format capable of handling large, multi-dimensional arrays)
• SDXF (Structured Data Exchange Format)
• Silo (a storage format for visualization developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory)* XDF (eXtensible Data Format)
• XSIL (Extensible Scientific Interchange Language)

Astronomical and Space

• FITS (Flexible Image Transport System)
• PDS/ODL (Planetary Data System)

Biological

• AB1 (Chromatogram files used by DNA sequencing instruments from Applied Biosystems)
• ACE (Sequence assembly format)
• BAM (Binary compressed SAM format)
• BED (Browser extensible display format describing genes and other features of DNA sequences)
• CAF (Common Assembly Format for sequence assembly)
• EMBL (Flatfile format used by the EMBL for nucleotide and peptide sequences)
• FASTA and FASTQ (File format for sequence data, FASTQ with quality).
• GenBank (Flatfile format used by NCBI for nucleotide and peptide sequences)
• GFF (General feature format for describing genes and other features of DNA, RNA and protein sequences)
• GTF (Gene transfer format holds information about gene structure)
• NEXUS (Encodes mixed information about genetic sequence data in a block structured format)
• PDB (Structures of biomolecules deposited in Protein Data Bank)
• PHD (Output from the basecalling software Phred)
• SAM (Sequence Alignment/Map format)
• SCF (Staden chromatogram files used to store data from DNA sequencing)
• SBML (Systems Biology Markup Language used to store biochemical network computational models)
• Stockholm (Representing multiple sequence alignments)
• Swiss-Prot (Flatfile format used for protein sequences from the Swiss-Prot database)
• VCF (Variant Call Format)

Biomedical signals (time series)

• ACQ (AcqKnowledge)
• BCI2000 (The BCI2000 project)
• BDF (BioSemi data format0
• BKR (EEG data format)
• CFWB (Chart Data File Format)
• DICOM-Waveform (An extension of Dicom for storing waveform data)
• ecgML (A markup language for electrocardiogram data acquisition and analysis)
• EDF/EDF+ (European Data Format)
• FEF (File Exchange Format for Vital signs, CEN TS 14271)
• GDF v1.x (General Data Format for biomedical signals - Version 1.x)
• GDF v2.x (The General Data Format for biomedical signals - Version 2.x)
• HL7aECG (Health Level 7 v3 annotated ECG)
• OpenXDF (Open Exchange Data Format)
• SCP-ECG (Standard Communication Protocol for Computer assisted electrocardiography)
• SIGIF (A digital SIGnal Interchange Format)
• WFDB (Format of Physiobank)

Chemical

• CCP4 (X-ray crystallography voxels (electron density))
• CHM (ChemDraw file format)
• CIF (Crystallographic Information File, standardised by IUCr)
• CML (Chemical markup language)
• CTab (Chemical table file .mol, .sd, .sdf)
• HITRAN (spectroscopic data with one optical/infrared transition per line in the ASCII file (.hit))
• JCAMP (Joint Committee on Atomic and Molecular Physical Data, .dx, .jdx)
• MOL (MDL Molfile)
• MOP (MOPAC format)
• MRC (voxels in cryo-electron microscopy)
• PDB (Protein Data Bank)
• SDF (Structure Data File)
• SMILES (Simplified molecular input line entry specification, .smi)
• SPC (spectroscopic data)

Chemical data may be distinguished in various ways, including Chemical MIME types.

Ecological

• Darwin Core (Standard for sharing information about biological diversity)
• EML (Ecological Metadata Language)

Geographic and Geospatial

See also Geospatial

• DEM (Digital Elevation Model)
• DOQ (Digital Orthophotos)
• e00 (ESRI ArcInfo Interchange File)
• FGDC (Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata??)
• GeoTIFF (Geospatial extensions to TIFF)
• GML (Geography Markup Language)
• HDFEOS, HD2, HD4 (Hierarchical Data Format-Earth Observing System)
• KML (KML (formerly Keyhole Markup Language), Version 2.2)
• NDF (National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS) Data Format)
• SAIF (Spatial Archive and Interchange Format, Canadian)
• SDTS (Spatial Data Transfer Standard)
• shp and shx (ESRI Shaepfile must have components; other optional components as well, see entry)
• SID (MrSID- Multi-resolution Seamless Image Database)
• TAB (MapInfo dataset format, must have component)

Mathematical

• graph6, sparse6 (ASCII encoding of Adjacency matrices (.g6, .s6))
• M (Mathematica package file)
• MathML

Medical Imaging

• AFNI (data, meta-data (.BRIK,.HEAD))
• MGH (uncompressed)
• MGZ (zip-compressed)
• Analyze data, meta-data (.img,.hdr)
• DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (.dcm))
• MINC (Medical Imaging NetCDF format; since version 2.0, based on HDF5 (.mnc))
• OME-TIFF (Open Microscopy Imaging format)
• OME-XML (Open Microscopy Imaging format)
• OST (Open Spatio-Temporal) (extensible, open alternative for microscope images)
• nii (Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative (NIfTI) single-file (combined data and meta-data))
• gii (NIfTI offspring for brain surface data, single-file (combined data and meta-data) style)
• .img,.hdr (NIfTI offspring for brain surface data, dual-file (separate data and meta-data, respectively) style)
• SDM (Signed Differential Mapping- brain maps(.sdm))

Oceanographic, Atmospheric and Meteorological

• GRIB (Grid in Binary)
• BUFR (Binary Universal Format Representation)
• IOAPI (netCDF augmented with metadata from the I/O API)
• PP (UK Met Office format for weather model data)

Physics

• CGNS (Computational Fluid Dynamics General Notation System)
• NeXuS (Common data format for neutron, x-ray and muon science)
• QCDml (Lattice QCD gauge configuration markup language)

Scientific Signal data

• ACQ (AcqKnowledge File Format for Windows)
• BKR (EEG data format)
• BDF (BioSemi data format)
• CFWB (Chart Data File Format)
• EDF (European data format)
• FEF (File Exchange Format for Vital signs)
• GDF (General data formats for biomedical signals)
• GMS (Gesture And Motion Signal format)
• IROCK (intelliRock Sensor Data File Format)
• MFER (Medical waveform Format Encoding Rules)
• SCP-ECG (Standard Communication Protocol for Computer assisted electrocardiography)
• SEG Y (Reflection seismology data format)
• SIGIF (SIGnal Interchange Format)

Social Sciences

• DDI (Data Documentation Initiative)
• SAS (Statistical package)
• SPSS (Statistical package)