Spoken Languages
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=== "Fictional" artificial languages === | === "Fictional" artificial languages === | ||
| − | * Beanish (''xkcd'') [https://beanishlang.wordpress.com/] | + | * Beanish (''[http://xkcd.com/ xkcd]'') [https://beanishlang.wordpress.com/] |
| + | * Chakobsa (''Dune'') | ||
* Dothraki (''Game of Thrones'') | * Dothraki (''Game of Thrones'') | ||
* Elvish (Tolkien) | * Elvish (Tolkien) | ||
* Klingon (''Star Trek'') | * Klingon (''Star Trek'') | ||
* Láadan (''Native Tongue'') | * Láadan (''Native Tongue'') | ||
| + | * Na’vi (''Avatar'') | ||
| + | * Orchish (''[http://www.journey-quest.com/ JourneyQuest]'') [http://fansupported.net/shop/orcish-english-dictionary/] | ||
* Pakuni (''Land of the Lost'') | * Pakuni (''Land of the Lost'') | ||
* Simlish (''The Sims'') | * Simlish (''The Sims'') | ||
| Line 53: | Line 56: | ||
* [http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/04/18/last-two-speakers-of-dying-language-refuse-to-talk-to-each-other/ Last Two Speakers of Dying Language Refuse to Talk to Each Other] (No, that's not ''The Onion''!) | * [http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/04/18/last-two-speakers-of-dying-language-refuse-to-talk-to-each-other/ Last Two Speakers of Dying Language Refuse to Talk to Each Other] (No, that's not ''The Onion''!) | ||
* [http://mentalfloss.com/article/50468/8-endangered-languages-could-soon-disappear 8 Endangered Languages That Could Soon Disappear] | * [http://mentalfloss.com/article/50468/8-endangered-languages-could-soon-disappear 8 Endangered Languages That Could Soon Disappear] | ||
| + | * [http://www.bruce-humes.com/?p=10386 Xinjiang’s Xibe Authors: Inspired by “Language of Exile” that has Outlived Manchu] | ||
| + | * [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-13/academics-team-up-to-save-dying-languages/5317010 Academics team up to save dying languages] | ||
=== Language history === | === Language history === | ||
| Line 58: | Line 63: | ||
* [http://mentalfloss.com/article/52650/what-shakespeare-plays-originally-sounded What Shakespeare's plays originally sounded like] | * [http://mentalfloss.com/article/52650/what-shakespeare-plays-originally-sounded What Shakespeare's plays originally sounded like] | ||
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-21427896 Ancient languages reconstructed by computer program] (BBC, 2013-02-12). | * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-21427896 Ancient languages reconstructed by computer program] (BBC, 2013-02-12). | ||
| + | * [http://archaeology.org/exclusives/articles/1302-proto-indo-european-schleichers-fable Telling Tales in Proto-Indo-European] (includes reconstructed audio) | ||
=== Constructed languages === | === Constructed languages === | ||
* [http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/12/24/121224fa_fact_foer?currentPage=all Utopian for Beginners: An amateur linguist loses control of the language he invented.] | * [http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/12/24/121224fa_fact_foer?currentPage=all Utopian for Beginners: An amateur linguist loses control of the language he invented.] | ||
| + | * [http://ed.ted.com/lessons/are-elvish-klingon-dothraki-and-na-vi-real-languages-john-mcwhorter Are Elvish, Klingon, Dothraki and Na’vi real languages? - John McWhorter] | ||
| + | * [http://mentalfloss.com/article/53236/now-you-can-rickroll-your-friends-or-enemies-klingon Rickroll your friends or enemies in Klingon] | ||
| + | * [https://www.vulgarlang.com/ Vulgar: automatic language construction] | ||
=== Language varieties === | === Language varieties === | ||
| Line 68: | Line 77: | ||
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/06/how-the-worlds-newest-mixed-language-was-invented/276981/ How the World's Newest 'Mixed' Language Was Invented] | * [http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/06/how-the-worlds-newest-mixed-language-was-invented/276981/ How the World's Newest 'Mixed' Language Was Invented] | ||
| − | == Other links and references == | + | === Other links and references === |
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language Language: Wikipedia] | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language Language: Wikipedia] | ||
* [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/ Language Log] | * [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/ Language Log] | ||
| Line 75: | Line 84: | ||
* [[Wikipedia:E-Prime|E-Prime: version of English without 'to be']] | * [[Wikipedia:E-Prime|E-Prime: version of English without 'to be']] | ||
* [http://grasch.net/node/22 Open source speech recognition] | * [http://grasch.net/node/22 Open source speech recognition] | ||
| + | * [http://mentalfloss.com/article/53086/fun-great-language-game The Great Language Game] | ||
| + | * [http://huh.ideophone.org/ Is 'Huh?' a universal word?] | ||
| + | * [http://thepaperthinhymn.com/2010/01/26/how-to-speak-post-modernism/ How to speak and write postmodern] | ||
| + | * [http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22129624.300-dolphin-whistle-instantly-translated-by-computer.html Dolphin whistle instantly translated by computer] | ||
| + | * [http://www.theverge.com/2014/8/4/5968243/mit-turns-recorded-vibrations-back-into-speech-and-music Scientists reconstruct speech through soundproof glass by watching a bag of potato chips] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:08, 25 March 2024
Spoken language is believed to date back 50,000 to 100,000 years, and is considered to be one of the major things that distinguish humans from animals. It long predates Written Languages.
The languages with the largest number of native speakers are:
- Mandarin
- Spanish
- English
- Arabic languages
- Hindi
- Bengali
- Portuguese
- Russian
- Japanese
- German
A major issue is that languages are collapsing as worldwide networking increases - the larger languages outstrip the smaller communities, and entire sets of languages are lost. A number of projects are underway to catalog these dying or disappearing languages.
[edit] Artificially constructed languages
In addition to the languages which have evolved naturally among humans, some languages have been artificially constructed, sometimes as part of fictional universes and other times intended for actual use in communication.
[edit] "Serious" artificial languages
- Esperanto
- Interlingua
- Ithkuil
- Loglan
- Lojban
- Volapük
[edit] "Fictional" artificial languages
- Beanish (xkcd) [1]
- Chakobsa (Dune)
- Dothraki (Game of Thrones)
- Elvish (Tolkien)
- Klingon (Star Trek)
- Láadan (Native Tongue)
- Na’vi (Avatar)
- Orchish (JourneyQuest) [2]
- Pakuni (Land of the Lost)
- Simlish (The Sims)
[edit] Links
[edit] Endangered languages
- The Google Endangered Languages Project
- Songs in endangered languages
- How to Save a Dying Language
- Last Two Speakers of Dying Language Refuse to Talk to Each Other (No, that's not The Onion!)
- 8 Endangered Languages That Could Soon Disappear
- Xinjiang’s Xibe Authors: Inspired by “Language of Exile” that has Outlived Manchu
- Academics team up to save dying languages
[edit] Language history
- Evolution of Human Languages (etymological databases)
- What Shakespeare's plays originally sounded like
- Ancient languages reconstructed by computer program (BBC, 2013-02-12).
- Telling Tales in Proto-Indo-European (includes reconstructed audio)
[edit] Constructed languages
- Utopian for Beginners: An amateur linguist loses control of the language he invented.
- Are Elvish, Klingon, Dothraki and Na’vi real languages? - John McWhorter
- Rickroll your friends or enemies in Klingon
- Vulgar: automatic language construction
[edit] Language varieties
- The Grammar Rules Behind 3 Commonly Disparaged Dialects
- American dialect maps
- The Tiny Island Where Men Have Their Own Language
- How the World's Newest 'Mixed' Language Was Invented
[edit] Other links and references
- Language: Wikipedia
- Language Log
- The Open Language Archives
- English-language studies 'destructive' to China's education, says CPPCC deputy
- E-Prime: version of English without 'to be'
- Open source speech recognition
- The Great Language Game
- Is 'Huh?' a universal word?
- How to speak and write postmodern
- Dolphin whistle instantly translated by computer
- Scientists reconstruct speech through soundproof glass by watching a bag of potato chips
