Sources

If you're looking for places to pull either file format information, or to verify stuff you've found, or to go that extra mile to track down variations, here's some similar endeavors and items.

List of Places Keeping Track of Formats

URL	Notes
FileInfo	A vast catalog of file extensions, but the data they give is very minimal.
FilExt	Similar to FileInfo
Forensics Wiki
http://archivematica.org/preservation
http://www.fileformat.info/
http://www.ace.net.nz/tech/TechFileFormat.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats	Also wikipedia:Template:Infobox file format (pages using this template)
Wikidata	we can use SPARQL to query for MIME types or file extensions.
The PRONOM format registry
http://wiki.multimedia.cx
http://archive.org/download/file-format-encyclopedia/fileformat.zip
http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/descriptions.shtml
http://www.udfr.org/	See also http://gdfr.info/
http://gitorious.org/re-lab	Tools & specs from re-lab- graphics formats, and office formats
http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/documents/AudioFormats/index.html	Documentation, details, specs, and samples for a handful of audio formats
http://wiki.xentax.com/index.php/Game_File_Format_Central	This wiki is the home of the most game (archive) file format knowledge in the world.
http://mark0.net/soft-trid-e.html	Home to TrID, which can identify a vast number of file formats using an updateable database
http://mark0.net/soft-trid-deflist.html	Online searchable version of the TrID database file
http://file-extension.net/seeker/	Metasearch engine for file extensions. Find info about unknown file extensions or filetypes
http://www.vgmpf.com/Wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page	the Videogame Music Preservation Foundation Wiki has information on a number of formats used to play back videogame music
http://hackipedia.org/File%20formats/	loads of info on various formats here
http://wiki.mobileread.com/wiki/E-book_formats	detailed information on eBook formats.
http://mediapedia.nla.gov.au/	"The Mediapedia resource is intended to enable the identification of various physical media carrier types for assisting with collection planning, assessment, documentation, infrastructure and preservation planning for the content they hold. These could include media across various genres such as cine, video, photo, audio, data, paper carriers, microfilm, etc."
http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/TR/Formats	Small list of formats with detailed descriptions of some known access/preservation problems.
CASPAR/DCC Representation Information Repository
The Software Ontology
KEEP Totem	Also covers software, hardware etc.
Dead Media Archives
The >4000 formats known to FI Tools by extension by MIME type
Python sourcecode for mimetypes module	/etc/mimetypes on *nix systems defines a number of file formats and MIME types
http://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/key-digital-principles	Recommended Audio formats by Audiovisual Archives and Institutions
http://www.gpsbabel.org/capabilities.html	List of formats used by GPS devices
Microsoft's Open Document Specifications
http://mamedev.org/source/src/lib/formats/index.html http://mamedev.org/source/src/mess/formats/index.html	Format handlers for disk images, cassette images, and memory snapshots/quickloads in the MESS source code.
http://minidisc.org	A lot of minidisc related info
http://cool.conservation-us.org/	Conservation Online
http://filext.com/	File Extensions with MIME types
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats_(alphabetical)	Wikipedia list of file formats (alphabetical)
http://ist.uwaterloo.ca/~schepers/formats.html	The C64 file formats list
http://3dbrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats	Nintendo 3DS file formats
IANA MIME Media Types	lots of useful info here and often quite detailed as well
msoscheme	Project that creates a machine readable description of the binary file formats of Microsoft Office
http://www.schnarff.com/file-formats/	File Formats documentation collection
The Format Registry
http://www.freebase.com/computer/file_format?instances=	Freebase instances in category "File Format"
https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/src/default/hachoir-parser/hachoir_parser/	Hachoir file format parsers
https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/wiki/FileFormatResources	Hachoir list of file format resources
https://theiphonewiki.com/wiki/Category:File_Formats	iPhone related file formats
Synalize It	File-format grammars
Binwalk	Can recognise and extract data in many formats embeddded inside firmware images
http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/fonts/X-Window-System-fonts.html	Good info about the Fonts on Windows X system
http://www.online-convert.com/file-type
https://melog.info/archives/2004/09/30223144.html	PC98 disk image formats (Japanese)
http://lclevy.free.fr/amiga/formats.html	Amiga file formats
http://hitmen.c02.at/files/yagcd/yagcd/	Contains Nintendo GameCube file formats
https://wiibrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats	Files related to the Nintendo Wii
http://wiki.tockdom.com/wiki/Category:File_Format	File formats related to the Mario Kart games
https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/File_Formats_Recovered_By_PhotoRec	File Format Signatures used in data recovery
Atari Forum Wiki
http://www.undocprint.org/	Information on printing-related formats, languages, and protocols
https://extension.nirsoft.net	Xontains program data related to files.

The following resources are no longer available:

URL	Notes
http://wotsit.org/	(their download page is broken. need to ping webmaster about that.)
http://unarchiver.c3.cx/formats	(View on the Wayback Machine)
http://rewiki.regengedanken.de/ Game reverse-engineering	(View on the Wayback Machine)

Emulation

• http://nonmess.retrogames.com/ - Emulator listing for various computer formats, including MESS and single-machine emulators.
• The Emulation Framework is software developed by the international KEEP project, co-funded by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme.

Books

• Compressed Image File Formats: JPEG, PNG, GIF, XBM, BMP by John Miano (1999)
• Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats by James D. Murray and William VanRyper (1994, 1996) Copy Acquired! Refer to the main article.
• Graphics File Formats by David C. Kay and John R. Levine (1994)
• Graphics File Formats: Reference and Guide by C. Wayne Brown, Barry J. Shepherd (1994)
• File Formats for Popular Personal Computer Software: A Programmer's Reference (Self-teaching Guides) by Jeff Walden (1986) Copy Acquired!
• File Formats on the Internet: A Guide for PC Users by Allison B. Zhang (1996) Copy Acquired!
• 3D Graphics File Formats: A Programmer's Reference by Keith Rule (1996)
• More File Formats for Popular PC Software: A Programmer's Reference by Jeff Walden (1987) Copy Acquired!
• Lotus File Formats for 1-2-3 Symphony & Jazz: File Structure Descriptions for Developers from Lotus, Inc. (1986)
• Inside Windows File Formats by Tom Swan (Nov 1993)
• Internet File Formats: Your Complete Resource for Sending, Receiving, and Using Internet Files by Tim Kientzle (Oct 15, 1995) Archive.org Scan, Companion CD-ROM
• File Formats for Popular PC Software by Jeff Walden (Nov 1992)
• PC File Formats and Conversions/Book and Disk (Developers Series) by Ralf Kussmann (Mar 1990)
• Windows Undocumented File Formats; Working Inside 16- and 32- bit Windows by Pete Davis (Jan 23, 1997)
• Graphics File Formats: The Complete Reference by John R. Levine and David C. Kay (May 1992)
• Using Pcx Graphics Files: The Programmer's Definitive Guide to Pcx File Formats by Roger T. Stevens (Apr 1, 1996)
• The File Formats Handbook by Gunter Born (Sep 1995)
• X Window System File Formats and Application Conventions (X11R4) by The Open Group (Jul 17, 1991)
• Guidelines on the Production and Preservation of Digital Audio Objects by IASA (2009)
• Android Forensics: Investigation, Analysis and Mobile Security for Google Android - Andrew Hoog - contains info on the Android file structure and how to obtain data from a locked phone, usually of a dead person, or a poor guy who forgot his password.

Other Useful Materials and Services

• http://www.nsrl.nist.gov/ National Software Reference Library (see also http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/05/life-saving-the-national-software-reference-library/)
• http://www.openplanetsfoundation.org/software/fido Format Identification for Digital Objects
• https://github.com/usnationalarchives/File-Analyzer File Analyzer
• https://sk1project.net/modules.php?name=Products&product=uniconvertor UniConvertor is a universal vector graphics translator. It is a command line tool which uses sK1 object model to convert one format to another
• http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/
• http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/SPR/Digital+Preservation+Tools Wiki list of digital preservation tool lists
• http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/REQ/Digital+Preservation+and+Data+Curation+Requirements+and+Solutions Digital Preservation and Data Curation Requirements and Solutions. Not classified by formats, but by datasets, issues and solutions.
• http://fileformats.wordpress.com/ - The File Formats Blog
• http://www.archive.org/details/cdbbsarchive - The Internet Archive has over 1,500 CD-ROMs loaded with shareware, and with that comes converters, documentation and other vital works related to file formats.
• Crowd sourced Representation Information for Supporting Preservation (cRIsp)
• National Software Reference Library
• Linked Data URIs for MIME Types
• http://darwinsys.com/file/ UNIX file(1) format guessing utility
• http://www.filesignatures.net/ Online database of file signatures (magic numbers)
• http://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html List of file signatures (magic numbers)
• Data Formats from Paul Bourke Useful information on older formats. Categories include Geometric (e.g., 3-D), Audio, and Image.
• Graphics File Formats page from Martin Reddy Useful information on older formats. Categories are: 2-D and 3-D, with supplementary resources.
• LibAV Sample Files collection, over 50GB
• http://www.corel.com/content/pdf/wpx4/corel-wordperfect-office-X4-reviewers-guide.pdf Corel WordPerfect Office Reviewers Guide, Appendix A gives useful overview of old Office formats + their typical file extensions.
• http://documentation.statsoft.com/STATISTICAHelp.aspx?path=common/CommonMenus/CompatibleDocumentTypes Some info on formats of / compatible with Statsoft Statistica
• http://web-beta.archive.org/web/20100210224635/http://medlem.spray.se/converters Loads of DOS / Windows conversion programs - this appears to be the most recent grab held by the Internet Archive
• https://github.com/kreativekorp/ksfl Project to read/write various container formats
• http://www.kreativekorp.com/swdownload/wildfire/HC%20FILE%20FORMAT%202010.TXT Description of the HyperCard stack file format
• Media Archeology Lab
• Bitsavers document library of DEC manuals
• Document Liberation Project
• Unusual sources of file format signatures
• The Dead Media Project
• Advice on File Formats for the Creation of Digital Records (Archives New Zealand)
• An introduction to using the command line interface to work with files and directories
• DigiPres Commons Community-owned digital preservation resources
• POWRR Tool Grid
• Falstaff: online file identification utility
• BitCurator access tools
• Document Liberation Project projects
• Open LossLess in STanDards (GitHub)
• http://www.manmrk.net/tutorials/compress/index.htm A large collection of 1990s compression software