LOCO-I
From Just Solve the File Format Problem
LOCO-I (LOw COmplexity LOssless COmpression for Images) is a lossless and "near-lossless" image compression algorithm developed by HP Labs. It is patent-encumbered until at least 2015 or 2016.
Near-lossless refers to the fact that the encoder can set a limit on the maximum error.
Related formats
LOCO-I is used in JPEG-LS and ICER image formats.