Executables

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Container formats for machine executable code. These often define different sections to be loaded into memory. Some formats may be compatible with different CPU architectures.
 
Container formats for machine executable code. These often define different sections to be loaded into memory. Some formats may be compatible with different CPU architectures.
  
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== Directly executable ==
  
 
* [[a.out]]
 
* [[a.out]]
−
* [[COM]] — DOS executable
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* [[Amiga Hunk]]
−
* [[COFF]] — The Common Object File Format, an executable format originally designed for use in UNIX System V
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* [[Atari ST executable]] (.prg)
−
* [[EXE]] — The original DOS executable format, with variants like NE (New Executable), PE (Portable Executable, actually a [[COFF]] variant), LX (Linear Executable) and others, as used in Microsoft MS-DOS and MS Windows (and some other operating systems like SkyOS)
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* [[COFF]] — The Common Object File Format, an executable format originally designed for use in UNIX System V
−
* [[ELF]]
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* [[Commodore 64 binary executable]] (.prg)
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* [[DOS executable (.com)]] — 16 bit DOS executable
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* [[EPOC/Symbian executable]]
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* [[EXE]] — MS-DOS, MS Windows, and others
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** [[MS-DOS EXE]]
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** [[New Executable]] (NE)
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** [[Linear Executable]]
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** [[Portable Executable]] (PE, actually a [[COFF]] variant)
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* [[Executable and Linkable Format]] (ELF)
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* [[GOFF]]
 
* [[Intel HEX]]
 
* [[Intel HEX]]
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* [[iOS app]] (.app) (see also [[IPA]] for archived version, and [[Mobile Provision file]] for provision file accompanying apps)
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* [[Mach-O]]
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* [[Multiboot]]
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* [[Native Client Executable]] (sandboxed executable for Chromium browsers)
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* [[OS/360 Object File Format]]
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* [[PRC (Palm OS)]]
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* [[Psion IMG/APP]]
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* [[Psion OPO/OPA]]
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* [[Towns OS EXP]]
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== Shared libraries, chained files, etc. ==
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(can't be run by themselves, but are used at runtime by other executables)
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* [[AIL real mode driver]] (.adv)
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* [[Borland Graphics Interface]] (.bgi)
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* [[DIGPAK sound driver]]
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* [[DOS device driver]] (.sys)
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* [[Dynamic library (OS X or iOS)]] (.dylib)
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* [[Dynamic-link library (Windows)]] (.dll)
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* [[Turbo Pascal chain file]] (.chn)
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== Interpreted program files ==
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* [[HamsterSpeak compiled file]]
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* [[Tokenized BASIC]]
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== Resource data used by executables and sometimes embedded in them ==
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See [[Resources]].
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== Meta-info files used in execution of programs/packages ==
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* [[Assembly manifest (Windows)]] (.manifest)
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* [[Java Network Launching Protocol]]
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* [[Mobile Provision file]]
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* [[Program information file]] (PIF)
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** [[DESQview Program Information File]] (.dvp)
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== Virtual machine code ==
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(see [[Wikipedia:UVC-based preservation]] for use of virtual machines in archival preservation)
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* [[ART (Android Runtime)]]
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* [[BEAM]] (Erlang)
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* [[Bytecode]] (or p-code) — programs "compiled" into machine-independent code that loads or runs more quickly than raw interpreted source code; runs in an interpreter
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* [[Dalvik Executable]] (DEX; virtual machine used in Android)
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* [[Java bytecode]] (aka 'class file')
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* [[Lingo bytecode]]
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* [[Olive]] (executable archive embedding a virtual machine emulating original environment)
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* [[PYC]] ([[Python]] bytecode)
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* [[UCSD p-system p-code]]
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* [[Universal Machine (ICFP programming contest 2006)]]
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* [[Uxn program file]]
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* [[WebAssembly]]
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* [[Z-code]]
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== Macros or automated scripting ==
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* [[4DOS compressed batch file]]
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* [[ActiveMime]]
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* [[Batch file]]
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* [[Bourne shell script]]
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* [[C shell script]]
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* [[DoItAgain]]
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* [[Photoshop Action File]] (.atn)
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* [[Sikuli]]
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* [[Windows Script File]]
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* [[WordPerfect macro]] (.wpm, .wcm)
 +
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For additional formats, see [[Programming Languages]].
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See also [[Executable envelopes#Compiled scripts]].
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== Executable compression ==
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Refer to [[Executable compression]].
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== Executable envelopes ==
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(Generated executables: self-extracting archives and installers, executable documents, etc.)
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Refer to [[Executable envelopes]].
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== See also ==
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* [[Source code]], for code in a higher-level [[Programming Languages|programming language]] that needs to be compiled, assembled, or interpreted
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* [[Programming Languages]]
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* [[Development]], for other files used in the development process, including object and library files that get linked into a finished executable
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== Links ==
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* [http://www.hanselman.com/blog/DownloadWrappersAndUnwantedSoftwareArePureEvil.aspx Download Wrappers and Unwanted Software are pure evil]
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* [http://boingboing.net/2014/02/24/flappy-bird-demakes.html Flappy Bird implementations for various classic platforms]
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* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/softgame.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Software/Gaming]
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* [http://blog.trailofbits.com/2014/02/23/semantic-analysis-of-native-programs-introducing-codereason/ Semantic Analysis of Native Programs, introducing CodeReason]
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* [https://github.com/MattPD/cpplinks/blob/master/executables.md C++ links: executables]
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[[Category:Executables| ]]

Latest revision as of 15:29, 10 May 2024

File Format
Name Executables
Ontology

{{{caption}}}

Container formats for machine executable code. These often define different sections to be loaded into memory. Some formats may be compatible with different CPU architectures.

Contents

[edit] Directly executable

[edit] Shared libraries, chained files, etc.

(can't be run by themselves, but are used at runtime by other executables)

[edit] Interpreted program files

[edit] Resource data used by executables and sometimes embedded in them

See Resources.

[edit] Meta-info files used in execution of programs/packages

[edit] Virtual machine code

(see Wikipedia:UVC-based preservation for use of virtual machines in archival preservation)

[edit] Macros or automated scripting

For additional formats, see Programming Languages.

See also Executable envelopes#Compiled scripts.

[edit] Executable compression

Refer to Executable compression.

[edit] Executable envelopes

(Generated executables: self-extracting archives and installers, executable documents, etc.)

Refer to Executable envelopes.

[edit] See also

[edit] Links

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