Sources

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__NOTOC__
 
If you're looking for places to pull either file format information, or to verify stuff you've found, or to go that extra mile to track down variations, here's some similar endeavors and items.
 
If you're looking for places to pull either file format information, or to verify stuff you've found, or to go that extra mile to track down variations, here's some similar endeavors and items.
  
 
==List of Places Keeping Track of Formats==
 
==List of Places Keeping Track of Formats==
  
−
* http://archivematica.org/preservation
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{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
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* http://www.fileformat.info/
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|-
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* http://www.ace.net.nz/tech/TechFileFormat.html
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! URL !! Notes
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* http://wotsit.org/ (presently broken)
+
|-
−
* http://unarchiver.c3.cx/formats
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| [https://fileinfo.com/ FileInfo]
−
* http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/PRONOM/ Version-level format information on hundreds of formats, can be downloaded as XML (ask me for details [[User:Anjackson|AndyJackson]] 15:07, 2 July 2012 (EDT))
+
| A vast catalog of file extensions, but the data they give is very minimal.
−
* http://wiki.multimedia.cx/
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|-
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* http://archive.org/download/file-format-encyclopedia/fileformat.zip/
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| [https://filext.com/ FilExt]
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* http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/descriptions.shtml
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| Similar to FileInfo
−
* http://www.udfr.org/
+
|-
−
* http://gitorious.org/re-lab Tools & specs from re-lab- graphics formats, and office formats
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| [https://forensics.wiki/ Forensics Wiki]
−
* http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/documents/AudioFormats/index.html - Documentation, details, specs, and samples for a handful of audio formats
+
|
−
* http://wiki.xentax.com/index.php/Game_File_Format_Central This wiki is the home of the most game (archive) file format knowledge in the world.
+
|-
−
* http://rewiki.regengedanken.de has some more game related reverse engineering
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| http://archivematica.org/preservation
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| http://www.fileformat.info/
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| http://www.ace.net.nz/tech/TechFileFormat.html
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats
 +
| Also [[wikipedia:Template:Infobox file format]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&limit=500&target=Template%3AInfobox+file+format&namespace=0 pages using this template])
 +
|-
 +
| [https://wikidata.org Wikidata]
 +
| we can use SPARQL to [https://w.wiki/6L8g query for MIME types] or [https://w.wiki/6L8h file extensions].
 +
|-
 +
| [[PRONOM|The PRONOM format registry]]
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| http://wiki.multimedia.cx
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| http://archive.org/download/file-format-encyclopedia/fileformat.zip
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/descriptions.shtml
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| http://www.udfr.org/
 +
| See also http://gdfr.info/
 +
|-
 +
| http://gitorious.org/re-lab  
 +
| Tools & specs from re-lab- graphics formats, and office formats
 +
|-
 +
| http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/documents/AudioFormats/index.html
 +
| Documentation, details, specs, and samples for a handful of audio formats
 +
|-
 +
| http://wiki.xentax.com/index.php/Game_File_Format_Central
 +
| This wiki is the home of the most game (archive) file format knowledge in the world.
 +
|-
 +
| http://mark0.net/soft-trid-e.html
 +
| Home to TrID, which can identify a vast number of file formats using an updateable database
 +
|-
 +
| http://mark0.net/soft-trid-deflist.html
 +
| Online searchable version of the TrID database file
 +
|-
 +
| http://file-extension.net/seeker/
 +
| Metasearch engine for file extensions. Find info about unknown file extensions or filetypes
 +
|-
 +
| http://www.vgmpf.com/Wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page
 +
| the Videogame Music Preservation Foundation Wiki has information on a number of formats used to play back videogame music
 +
|-
 +
| http://hackipedia.org/File%20formats/
 +
| loads of info on various formats here
 +
|-
 +
| http://wiki.mobileread.com/wiki/E-book_formats
 +
| detailed information on e-Book formats.
 +
|-
 +
| http://mediapedia.nla.gov.au/
 +
| "The Mediapedia resource is intended to enable the identification of various physical media carrier types for assisting with collection planning, assessment, documentation, infrastructure and preservation planning for the content they hold. These could include media across various genres such as cine, video, photo, audio, data, paper carriers, microfilm, etc."
 +
|-
 +
| http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/TR/Formats
 +
| Small list of formats with detailed descriptions of some known access/preservation problems.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://registry.dcc.ac.uk:8080/RegistryWeb/Registry/ CASPAR/DCC Representation Information Repository]
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| [http://theswo.sourceforge.net/ The Software Ontology]
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| [http://keep-totem.co.uk/ KEEP Totem]
 +
| Also covers software, hardware etc.
 +
|-
 +
| [http://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php/Main_Page Dead Media Archives]
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.fid3.com/file-formats The >4000 formats known to FI Tools]<br>[http://www.fid3.com/formats-ext1 by extension]<br>[http://www.fid3.com/formats-mime by MIME type]
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| [http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/mimetypes.py#l402 Python source code for mimetypes module]
 +
| /etc/mimetypes on *nix systems defines a number of file formats and [[MIME types]]
 +
|-
 +
| http://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/key-digital-principles
 +
| Recommended Audio formats by Audiovisual Archives and Institutions
 +
|-
 +
| http://www.gpsbabel.org/capabilities.html
 +
| List of formats used by GPS devices
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.microsoft.com/openspecifications/en/us/programs/osp/office-file-formats/default.aspx Microsoft's Open Document Specifications]
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| http://mamedev.org/source/src/lib/formats/index.html<br>http://mamedev.org/source/src/mess/formats/index.html
 +
| Format handlers for disk images, cassette images, and memory snapshots/quickloads in the MESS source code.
 +
|-
 +
| http://minidisc.org
 +
| A lot of minidisc related info
 +
|-
 +
| http://cool.conservation-us.org/
 +
| Conservation Online
 +
|-
 +
| http://filext.com/
 +
| File Extensions with MIME types
 +
|-
 +
| http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats_(alphabetical)
 +
| Wikipedia list of file formats (alphabetical)
 +
|-
 +
| http://ist.uwaterloo.ca/~schepers/formats.html
 +
| The C64 file formats list
 +
|-
 +
| http://3dbrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats
 +
| Nintendo 3DS file formats
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html IANA MIME Media Types]
 +
| lots of useful info here and often quite detailed as well
 +
|-
 +
| [http://gitorious.org/msoscheme msoscheme]
 +
| Project that creates a machine-readable description of the binary file formats of Microsoft Office
 +
|-
 +
| http://www.schnarff.com/file-formats/
 +
| File Formats documentation collection
 +
|-
 +
| [http://the-fr.org/ The Format Registry]
 +
|-
 +
| http://www.freebase.com/computer/file_format?instances=
 +
| Freebase instances in category "File Format"
 +
|-
 +
| https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/src/default/hachoir-parser/hachoir_parser/
 +
| Hachoir file format parsers
 +
|-
 +
| https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/wiki/FileFormatResources
 +
| Hachoir list of file format resources
 +
|-
 +
| https://theiphonewiki.com/wiki/Category:File_Formats
 +
| iPhone related file formats
 +
|-
 +
| [https://www.synalysis.net/formats.xml Synalize It]
 +
| File-format grammars
 +
|-
 +
| [http://www.binwalk.org Binwalk]
 +
| Can recognise and extract data in many formats embedded inside firmware images
 +
|-
 +
| http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/fonts/X-Window-System-fonts.html
 +
| Good info about the Fonts on Windows X system
 +
|-
 +
| http://www.online-convert.com/file-type
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| https://melog.info/archives/2004/09/30223144.html
 +
| PC98 disk image formats (Japanese)
 +
|-
 +
| http://lclevy.free.fr/amiga/formats.html
 +
| Amiga file formats
 +
|-
 +
| http://hitmen.c02.at/files/yagcd/yagcd/
 +
| Contains Nintendo GameCube file formats
 +
|-
 +
| https://wiibrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats
 +
| Files related to the Nintendo Wii
 +
|-
 +
| http://wiki.tockdom.com/wiki/Category:File_Format
 +
| File formats related to the Mario Kart games
 +
|-
 +
| https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/File_Formats_Recovered_By_PhotoRec
 +
| File Format Signatures used in data recovery
 +
|-
 +
| [[Atari Forum Wiki]]
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| http://www.undocprint.org/
 +
| Information on printing-related formats, languages, and protocols
 +
|-
 +
| https://extension.nirsoft.net
 +
| Contains program data related to files.
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
The following resources are no longer available:
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;"
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|-
 +
! URL !! Notes
 +
|-
 +
| http://wotsit.org/
 +
| (<s>their download page is broken. need to ping webmaster about that.</s> now the entire website is just a parking page)
 +
|-
 +
| http://unarchiver.c3.cx/formats
 +
| ([https://web.archive.org/web/20170721220043/http://unarchiver.c3.cx/formats View on the Wayback Machine])
 +
|-
 +
| http://rewiki.regengedanken.de/ Game reverse-engineering
 +
| ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180105180951/http://rewiki.regengedanken.de/wiki/Main_Page View on the Wayback Machine])
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Emulation==
 +
 
 +
* http://nonmess.retrogames.com/ - Emulator listing for various computer formats, including MESS and single-machine emulators.
 +
* [http://emuframework.sourceforge.net/ The Emulation Framework] is software developed by the international KEEP project, co-funded by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme.
  
 
==Books==
 
==Books==
  
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/Compressed-Image-File-Formats-JPEG/dp/0201604434/ Compressed Image File Formats: JPEG, PNG, GIF, XBM, BMP] by John Miano (1999)
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/Compressed-Image-File-Formats-JPEG/dp/0201604434/ Compressed Image File Formats: JPEG, PNG, GIF, XBM, BMP] by John Miano (1999)
−
* [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Graphics-File-Formats-Reference/dp/1565921615/ Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats: The Complete Reference on CD-ROM with Links to Internet Resources] by James D. Murray and William VanRyper (1996) '''Copy Acquired!'''
+
* [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Graphics-File-Formats-Reference/dp/1565921615/ Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats] by James D. Murray and William VanRyper (1994, 1996) '''Copy Acquired!''' Refer to the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats|main article]].
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-David-Kay/dp/0070340250/ Graphics File Formats] by David C. Kay and John R. Levine (1994)
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-David-Kay/dp/0070340250/ Graphics File Formats] by David C. Kay and John R. Levine (1994)
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Reference-Guide/dp/0133034054/ Graphics File Formats: Reference and Guide] by C. Wayne Brown, Barry J. Shepherd (1994)
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Reference-Guide/dp/0133034054/ Graphics File Formats: Reference and Guide] by C. Wayne Brown, Barry J. Shepherd (1994)
Line 27: Line 221:
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Internet-Guide-Users/dp/0871114410 File Formats on the Internet: A Guide for PC Users] by Allison B. Zhang (1996) '''Copy Acquired!'''
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Internet-Guide-Users/dp/0871114410 File Formats on the Internet: A Guide for PC Users] by Allison B. Zhang (1996) '''Copy Acquired!'''
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Programmers-Reference/dp/0201488353/ 3D Graphics File Formats: A Programmer's Reference] by Keith Rule (1996)
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Programmers-Reference/dp/0201488353/ 3D Graphics File Formats: A Programmer's Reference] by Keith Rule (1996)
−
* [http://www.amazon.com/More-File-Formats-Popular-Software/dp/0471850772/ More File Formats for Popular PC Software: A Programmer's Reference] by Jeff Walden (1987)
+
* [http://www.amazon.com/More-File-Formats-Popular-Software/dp/0471850772/ More File Formats for Popular PC Software: A Programmer's Reference] by Jeff Walden (1987) '''Copy Acquired!'''
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/Lotus-File-Formats-1-2-3-Symphony/dp/0201168243/ Lotus File Formats for 1-2-3 Symphony & Jazz: File Structure Descriptions for Developers] from Lotus, Inc. (1986)
 
* [http://www.amazon.com/Lotus-File-Formats-1-2-3-Symphony/dp/0201168243/ Lotus File Formats for 1-2-3 Symphony & Jazz: File Structure Descriptions for Developers] from Lotus, Inc. (1986)
 +
* [http://www.amazon.com/Inside-Windows-File-Formats-Swan/dp/0672303388/ Inside Windows File Formats] by Tom Swan (Nov 1993)
 +
* [http://www.amazon.com/Internet-File-Formats-Complete-Receiving/dp/188357756X/ Internet File Formats: Your Complete Resource for Sending, Receiving, and Using Internet Files] by Tim Kientzle (Oct 15, 1995) [https://archive.org/details/mac_Internet_File_Formats_1995 Archive.org Scan], [https://archive.org/details/internet-file-formats-cd Companion CD-ROM]
 +
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Popular-PC-Software/dp/0471528064/ File Formats for Popular PC Software] by Jeff Walden (Nov 1992)
 +
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Conversions-Book-Developers/dp/155755059X/ PC File Formats and Conversions/Book and Disk (Developers Series)] by Ralf Kussmann (Mar 1990)
 +
* [http://www.amazon.com/Windows-Undocumented-Formats-Working-Inside/dp/0879304375/ Windows Undocumented File Formats; Working Inside 16- and 32- bit Windows] by Pete Davis (Jan 23, 1997)
 +
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Complete-Reference/dp/0070375321/ Graphics File Formats: The Complete Reference] by John R. Levine and David C. Kay (May 1992)
 +
* [http://www.amazon.com/Using-Pcx-Graphics-Files-Programmers/dp/0879304324/ Using Pcx Graphics Files: The Programmer's Definitive Guide to Pcx File Formats] by Roger T. Stevens (Apr 1, 1996)
 +
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Handbook-Gunter-Born/dp/1850321175/ The File Formats Handbook] by Gunter Born (Sep 1995)
 +
* [http://www.amazon.com/Window-System-Formats-Application-Conventions/dp/1872630154/ X Window System File Formats and Application Conventions (X11R4)] by The Open Group (Jul 17, 1991)
 +
* [http://www.iasa-web.org/audio-preservation-tc04 Guidelines on the Production and Preservation of Digital Audio Objects] by IASA (2009)
 +
* Android Forensics: Investigation, Analysis and Mobile Security for Google Android - Andrew Hoog - contains info on the Android file structure and how to obtain data from a locked phone, usually of a dead person, or a poor guy who forgot his password.
  
 
==Other Useful Materials and Services==
 
==Other Useful Materials and Services==
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* http://www.openplanetsfoundation.org/software/fido Format Identification for Digital Objects
 
* http://www.openplanetsfoundation.org/software/fido Format Identification for Digital Objects
 
* https://github.com/usnationalarchives/File-Analyzer File Analyzer
 
* https://github.com/usnationalarchives/File-Analyzer File Analyzer
−
* http://sk1project.org/modules.php?name=products&product=uniconvertor UniConvertor is a universal vector graphics translator. It is a command line tool which uses sK1 object model to convert one format to another
+
* https://sk1project.net/modules.php?name=Products&product=uniconvertor UniConvertor is a universal vector graphics translator. It is a command line tool which uses sK1 object model to convert one format to another
−
* File Formats for Popular Personal Computer Software: A Programmer's Reference http://www.amazon.com/Formats-Popular-Personal-Computer-Software/dp/0471836710/ref=la_B001KE1CFC_1_1 - @KevinSavetz owns and can digitize this if needed
+
−
* More File Formats for Popular PC Software: A Programmer's Reference http://www.amazon.com/More-File-Formats-Popular-Software/dp/0471850772/ref=la_B001KE1CFC_1_2 - @KevinSavetz owns and can digitize this if needed
+
 
* http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/
 
* http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/
 
* http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/SPR/Digital+Preservation+Tools Wiki list of digital preservation tool lists
 
* http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/SPR/Digital+Preservation+Tools Wiki list of digital preservation tool lists
 
* http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/REQ/Digital+Preservation+and+Data+Curation+Requirements+and+Solutions Digital Preservation and Data Curation Requirements and Solutions. Not classified by formats, but by datasets, issues and solutions.
 
* http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/REQ/Digital+Preservation+and+Data+Curation+Requirements+and+Solutions Digital Preservation and Data Curation Requirements and Solutions. Not classified by formats, but by datasets, issues and solutions.
 
* http://fileformats.wordpress.com/ - The File Formats Blog
 
* http://fileformats.wordpress.com/ - The File Formats Blog
 +
* http://www.archive.org/details/cdbbsarchive - The Internet Archive has over 1,500 CD-ROMs loaded with shareware, and with that comes converters, documentation and other vital works related to file formats.
 +
* [http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/SPR/Crowd+sourced+Representation+Information+for+Supporting+Preservation+(cRIsp) Crowd sourced Representation Information for Supporting Preservation (cRIsp)]
 +
* [http://www.nsrl.nist.gov/ National Software Reference Library]
 +
* [http://mediatypes.appspot.com/ Linked Data URIs for MIME Types]
 +
* http://darwinsys.com/file/ UNIX file(1) format guessing utility
 +
* http://www.filesignatures.net/ Online database of file signatures (magic numbers)
 +
* http://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html List of file signatures (magic numbers)
 +
* [http://paulbourke.net/dataformats/ Data Formats from Paul Bourke] Useful information on older formats. Categories include Geometric (e.g., 3-D), Audio, and Image.
 +
* [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/ Graphics File Formats page from Martin Reddy] Useful information on older formats. Categories are: 2-D and 3-D, with supplementary resources.
 +
* [http://samples.multimedia.cx/ LibAV Sample Files collection, over 50GB]
 +
* http://www.corel.com/content/pdf/wpx4/corel-wordperfect-office-X4-reviewers-guide.pdf Corel WordPerfect Office Reviewers Guide, Appendix A gives useful overview of old Office formats + their typical file extensions.
 +
* http://documentation.statsoft.com/STATISTICAHelp.aspx?path=common/CommonMenus/CompatibleDocumentTypes Some info on formats of / compatible with Statsoft Statistica
 +
* http://web-beta.archive.org/web/20100210224635/http://medlem.spray.se/converters Loads of DOS / Windows conversion programs - this appears to be the most recent grab held by the Internet Archive
 +
* https://github.com/kreativekorp/ksfl Project to read/write various container formats
 +
* http://www.kreativekorp.com/swdownload/wildfire/HC%20FILE%20FORMAT%202010.TXT Description of the [[HyperCard stack]] file format
 +
* [http://mediaarchaeologylab.com/ Media Archeology Lab]
 +
* [https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_dec Bitsavers document library of DEC manuals]
 +
* [http://www.documentliberation.org/ Document Liberation Project]
 +
* [http://qanda.digipres.org/80/unusual-sources-of-file-format-signatures Unusual sources of file format signatures]
 +
* [http://www.deadmedia.org/ The Dead Media Project]
 +
* [http://archives.govt.nz/advice/guidance-and-standards/guidance-subject/digital-recordkeeping/advice-file-formats-creation-di Advice on File Formats for the Creation of Digital Records] (Archives New Zealand)
 +
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/papers-and-presentations/an-introduction-to-using-the-command-line-interface-to-work-with-files-and-directories/ An introduction to using the command line interface to work with files and directories]
 +
* [http://www.digipres.org/ DigiPres Commons Community-owned digital preservation resources]
 +
* [http://www.digipres.org/tools/ POWRR Tool Grid]
 +
* [http://ec2-52-37-126-112.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com/falstaff/ Falstaff: online file identification utility]
 +
* [http://access.bitcurator.net/index.php?title=Main_Page BitCurator access tools]
 +
* [http://www.documentliberation.org/projects/ Document Liberation Project projects]
 +
* [https://mediaarea.net/ollistd Open LossLess in STanDards] ([https://github.com/mediaarea/ollistd GitHub])
 +
* http://www.manmrk.net/tutorials/compress/index.htm A large collection of 1990s compression software
 +
 +
[[Category:Sources| ]]

Latest revision as of 10:26, 17 May 2024

If you're looking for places to pull either file format information, or to verify stuff you've found, or to go that extra mile to track down variations, here's some similar endeavors and items.

[edit] List of Places Keeping Track of Formats

URL Notes
FileInfo A vast catalog of file extensions, but the data they give is very minimal.
FilExt Similar to FileInfo
Forensics Wiki
http://archivematica.org/preservation
http://www.fileformat.info/
http://www.ace.net.nz/tech/TechFileFormat.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats Also wikipedia:Template:Infobox file format (pages using this template)
Wikidata we can use SPARQL to query for MIME types or file extensions.
The PRONOM format registry
http://wiki.multimedia.cx
http://archive.org/download/file-format-encyclopedia/fileformat.zip
http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/descriptions.shtml
http://www.udfr.org/ See also http://gdfr.info/
http://gitorious.org/re-lab Tools & specs from re-lab- graphics formats, and office formats
http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/documents/AudioFormats/index.html Documentation, details, specs, and samples for a handful of audio formats
http://wiki.xentax.com/index.php/Game_File_Format_Central This wiki is the home of the most game (archive) file format knowledge in the world.
http://mark0.net/soft-trid-e.html Home to TrID, which can identify a vast number of file formats using an updateable database
http://mark0.net/soft-trid-deflist.html Online searchable version of the TrID database file
http://file-extension.net/seeker/ Metasearch engine for file extensions. Find info about unknown file extensions or filetypes
http://www.vgmpf.com/Wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page the Videogame Music Preservation Foundation Wiki has information on a number of formats used to play back videogame music
http://hackipedia.org/File%20formats/ loads of info on various formats here
http://wiki.mobileread.com/wiki/E-book_formats detailed information on e-Book formats.
http://mediapedia.nla.gov.au/ "The Mediapedia resource is intended to enable the identification of various physical media carrier types for assisting with collection planning, assessment, documentation, infrastructure and preservation planning for the content they hold. These could include media across various genres such as cine, video, photo, audio, data, paper carriers, microfilm, etc."
http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/TR/Formats Small list of formats with detailed descriptions of some known access/preservation problems.
CASPAR/DCC Representation Information Repository
The Software Ontology
KEEP Totem Also covers software, hardware etc.
Dead Media Archives
The >4000 formats known to FI Tools
by extension
by MIME type
Python source code for mimetypes module /etc/mimetypes on *nix systems defines a number of file formats and MIME types
http://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/key-digital-principles Recommended Audio formats by Audiovisual Archives and Institutions
http://www.gpsbabel.org/capabilities.html List of formats used by GPS devices
Microsoft's Open Document Specifications
http://mamedev.org/source/src/lib/formats/index.html
http://mamedev.org/source/src/mess/formats/index.html 		Format handlers for disk images, cassette images, and memory snapshots/quickloads in the MESS source code.
http://minidisc.org A lot of minidisc related info
http://cool.conservation-us.org/ Conservation Online
http://filext.com/ File Extensions with MIME types
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats_(alphabetical) Wikipedia list of file formats (alphabetical)
http://ist.uwaterloo.ca/~schepers/formats.html The C64 file formats list
http://3dbrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats Nintendo 3DS file formats
IANA MIME Media Types lots of useful info here and often quite detailed as well
msoscheme Project that creates a machine-readable description of the binary file formats of Microsoft Office
http://www.schnarff.com/file-formats/ File Formats documentation collection
The Format Registry
http://www.freebase.com/computer/file_format?instances= Freebase instances in category "File Format"
https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/src/default/hachoir-parser/hachoir_parser/ Hachoir file format parsers
https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/wiki/FileFormatResources Hachoir list of file format resources
https://theiphonewiki.com/wiki/Category:File_Formats iPhone related file formats
Synalize It File-format grammars
Binwalk Can recognise and extract data in many formats embedded inside firmware images
http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/fonts/X-Window-System-fonts.html Good info about the Fonts on Windows X system
http://www.online-convert.com/file-type
https://melog.info/archives/2004/09/30223144.html PC98 disk image formats (Japanese)
http://lclevy.free.fr/amiga/formats.html Amiga file formats
http://hitmen.c02.at/files/yagcd/yagcd/ Contains Nintendo GameCube file formats
https://wiibrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats Files related to the Nintendo Wii
http://wiki.tockdom.com/wiki/Category:File_Format File formats related to the Mario Kart games
https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/File_Formats_Recovered_By_PhotoRec File Format Signatures used in data recovery
Atari Forum Wiki
http://www.undocprint.org/ Information on printing-related formats, languages, and protocols
https://extension.nirsoft.net Contains program data related to files.

The following resources are no longer available:

URL Notes
http://wotsit.org/ (their download page is broken. need to ping webmaster about that. now the entire website is just a parking page)
http://unarchiver.c3.cx/formats (View on the Wayback Machine)
http://rewiki.regengedanken.de/ Game reverse-engineering (View on the Wayback Machine)

[edit] Emulation

  • http://nonmess.retrogames.com/ - Emulator listing for various computer formats, including MESS and single-machine emulators.
  • The Emulation Framework is software developed by the international KEEP project, co-funded by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme.

[edit] Books

[edit] Other Useful Materials and Services

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