XCF
From Just Solve the File Format Problem
XCF is the native file format for GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program). It supports all the possible information about an image, including layers and transparency, except for undo information[1].
The Wikipedia article says that the reference documentation is the source code for GIMP itself.
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Identification
The first 9 bytes of an XCF file are the ASCII string "gimp xcf
".