Video
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* [[AVC (file format)]] | * [[AVC (file format)]] | ||
* [[Bink Video]] (BIK) | * [[Bink Video]] (BIK) | ||
+ | * [[CFAST Disney Animation Studio]] | ||
* [[Cyber Paint Sequence]] | * [[Cyber Paint Sequence]] | ||
* [[DPX]] | * [[DPX]] | ||
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* [[IFF-DEEP]] | * [[IFF-DEEP]] | ||
* [[MJ2]] | * [[MJ2]] | ||
+ | * [[RealMedia Variable Bitrate]] | ||
* [[RealVideo]] | * [[RealVideo]] | ||
* [[Smacker]]/SMK (created by RadGameTools; mostly used in games) | * [[Smacker]]/SMK (created by RadGameTools; mostly used in games) | ||
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* [[F4V]] | * [[F4V]] | ||
* [[FLV]] | * [[FLV]] | ||
− | |||
* [[Matroska]] | * [[Matroska]] | ||
* [[MK3D]] | * [[MK3D]] | ||
* [[MKV]] | * [[MKV]] | ||
− | * [[MP4]] | + | * [[MPEG]] |
+ | ** [[M2TS]] (MPEG-2 based packet format used on [[Blu-ray Disc]]s) | ||
+ | ** [[MP4]], M4V | ||
+ | ** [[MPEG Program Stream]] (.mpg) | ||
+ | ** [[MPEG Transport Stream]] | ||
+ | ** [[VOB]] | ||
* [[MXF]] | * [[MXF]] | ||
− | * [[ | + | * [[Ogg]] containers (with their variants OGM, OGV, etc.) |
* [[QuickTime]] | * [[QuickTime]] | ||
* [[Acorn Replay|Replay]] | * [[Acorn Replay|Replay]] | ||
− | |||
* [[WebM]] | * [[WebM]] | ||
− | |||
==Video stream formats== | ==Video stream formats== | ||
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* [[Apple Intermediate Codec]] | * [[Apple Intermediate Codec]] | ||
+ | * [[AV1]] | ||
+ | * [[Cineform]] | ||
* [[Cinepak]] | * [[Cinepak]] | ||
* [[Daala]] | * [[Daala]] | ||
* [[Dirac]] | * [[Dirac]] | ||
− | * [[ | + | * [[FFV1]] |
* [[HuffyYUV]] | * [[HuffyYUV]] | ||
* [[Indeo]] | * [[Indeo]] | ||
* [[Moving Blocks]] - Acorn Replay stream | * [[Moving Blocks]] - Acorn Replay stream | ||
− | * [[MPEG]] and all of its variants ([[MPEG-1]], [[MPEG-2]], [[MPEG-4]], etc.) | + | * [[MPEG]] and all of its variants ([[MPEG-1]], [[MPEG-2]], [[MPEG-4]], [[MPEG-H]], etc.) |
** [[3ivx]] (this is just another fourcc for an MPEG-4 variant) | ** [[3ivx]] (this is just another fourcc for an MPEG-4 variant) | ||
** [[DivX]] (this is essentially MPEG-4 with some quirks) | ** [[DivX]] (this is essentially MPEG-4 with some quirks) | ||
+ | ** [[H.264]] | ||
+ | ** [[HEVC]] (H.265) | ||
+ | ** [[MPEG Elementary Stream]] | ||
** [[Packetized Elementary Stream]] (packet format within MPEG streams) | ** [[Packetized Elementary Stream]] (packet format within MPEG streams) | ||
** [[XviD]] (another MPEG-4 variant) | ** [[XviD]] (another MPEG-4 variant) | ||
+ | * [[QuickTime Animation]] | ||
* [[Sorenson]] Video Codec | * [[Sorenson]] Video Codec | ||
* [[Theora]] | * [[Theora]] | ||
+ | * [[Thor]] | ||
* [[VC-1]] | * [[VC-1]] | ||
* [[VC-3]] | * [[VC-3]] | ||
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==Metadata formats== | ==Metadata formats== | ||
+ | * [[F4M]] (Flash Media Manifest) | ||
* [[SRR]] (reScene files) | * [[SRR]] (reScene files) | ||
* [[SRS]] (reSample files) | * [[SRS]] (reSample files) | ||
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* [[DVD subtitle format]] | * [[DVD subtitle format]] | ||
* [[DXFP]] (Distribution Format Exchange Profile) | * [[DXFP]] (Distribution Format Exchange Profile) | ||
+ | * [[EBU STL]] | ||
+ | * [[EBU Timed Text]] | ||
* [[JACOsub]] (Subtitles for Amiga video) | * [[JACOsub]] (Subtitles for Amiga video) | ||
* [[Kate]] (OGG Kate subtitle format) | * [[Kate]] (OGG Kate subtitle format) | ||
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* [[OGT]] (Philips Overlay Graphics Text) | * [[OGT]] (Philips Overlay Graphics Text) | ||
* [[SAMI subtitle format]] (SMI) | * [[SAMI subtitle format]] (SMI) | ||
− | * [[Spruce | + | * [[Spruce subtitle format]] (STL) |
* [[Structured Subtitle Format]] (SSF) | * [[Structured Subtitle Format]] (SSF) | ||
* [[SubRip text file format]] (SRT) | * [[SubRip text file format]] (SRT) | ||
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* [[XSUB]] (XSUB subtitle format) | * [[XSUB]] (XSUB subtitle format) | ||
− | == | + | ==Interactive media files== |
+ | (generally accompany video streams and other multimedia, tying them together in a presentation or user-interaction as on a disc) | ||
+ | * [[BDMV]] (Blu-ray disc files for user interactivity) | ||
+ | * [[CLPI]] (Blu-ray disc clip info files) | ||
+ | * [[MPLS]] (Blu-ray disc playlists) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Video Developer/Editor files== | ||
* [[Heroglyph Project Format]] | * [[Heroglyph Project Format]] | ||
+ | * Sony Vegas | ||
+ | ** [[Sony Vegas project format]] (.veg) | ||
+ | ** [[Sony Vegas Movie Studio project format]] (.vf) | ||
+ | ** [[Sony Vegas window layout format]] (.vegaswindowlayout) | ||
==Video streaming services== | ==Video streaming services== | ||
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* [[PAL]] | * [[PAL]] | ||
* [[SECAM]] | * [[SECAM]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Also see [[Chyron]] for on-screen graphics. | ||
See [[Radio]] for more details of how such broadcasts are transmitted. | See [[Radio]] for more details of how such broadcasts are transmitted. | ||
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These formats might eventually get sorted into the above categories, or might not quite fit in any of them. | These formats might eventually get sorted into the above categories, or might not quite fit in any of them. | ||
* [[AVS]] | * [[AVS]] | ||
+ | * [[Canon XF-AVC]] | ||
* [[Canopus ProCoder]] | * [[Canopus ProCoder]] | ||
− | |||
* [[Cinema Craft Encoder]] | * [[Cinema Craft Encoder]] | ||
* [[CinemaDNG]] | * [[CinemaDNG]] | ||
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* [[FIASCO]] | * [[FIASCO]] | ||
* [[InterVideo]] | * [[InterVideo]] | ||
+ | * [[JPEG XS]] | ||
+ | * [[Lotus ScreenCam movie]] (.scm) | ||
* [[MainConcept]] | * [[MainConcept]] | ||
* [[MSU Lossless Video Codec]] | * [[MSU Lossless Video Codec]] | ||
* [[NSD]] (Nero Super Video CD) | * [[NSD]] (Nero Super Video CD) | ||
+ | * [[Protected Interoperable File Format]] (PIFF) | ||
+ | * [[RTP]] | ||
* [[SheerVideo]] | * [[SheerVideo]] | ||
* [[TechSmith Screen Capture Codec]] | * [[TechSmith Screen Capture Codec]] | ||
+ | * [[VDR (VirtualDub)]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Software == | ||
+ | Refer to: | ||
+ | * [[Conversion Software#Video]] | ||
+ | * [[Video file creation software]] | ||
== Links == | == Links == | ||
Line 149: | Line 185: | ||
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/movimg.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Moving Image Works] | * [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/movimg.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Moving Image Works] | ||
* [http://www.google.com/get/videoqualityreport/ Video Quality Report (from Google)] - shows how your Internet connection fares with streaming video | * [http://www.google.com/get/videoqualityreport/ Video Quality Report (from Google)] - shows how your Internet connection fares with streaming video | ||
+ | * [https://github.com/AyrA/ExcelPlayer Excel sheet that plays video and audio] | ||
+ | * [http://mediaarea.net/en/MediaInfo MediaInfo: software that shows metadata for audio/video files] | ||
+ | * [http://www.encoding.com/html5/ HTML5 video guide] | ||
+ | * [http://dev.iptc.org/Video-Metadata Video metadata standardization project] | ||
+ | * [http://preservationguide.co.uk/?p=244 A Compressed View of Video Compression] |
Revision as of 14:09, 20 May 2018
Contents |
Introduction
- For an excellent introduction to the issues around audio and video formats, see A Primer on Codecs for Moving Image and Sound Archives - and 10 Recommendations for Codec Selection & Management PDF version
- Basics of streaming protocols
Pure video formats
These formats are "monolithic" video formats, meaning that the file format and the encoding of the video data are tied to each other.
See also Graphics: Animated image formats.
- Ace Film
- AVC (file format)
- Bink Video (BIK)
- CFAST Disney Animation Studio
- Cyber Paint Sequence
- DPX
- Enhanced VOB
- FLIC (FLI/FLC; animation format used by older Autodesk products)
- GRASP GL animation format
- IFF-DEEP
- MJ2
- RealMedia Variable Bitrate
- RealVideo
- Smacker/SMK (created by RadGameTools; mostly used in games)
- WMV
Video container formats
These formats are only containers for video, which can contain videos in many different encodings (or even other data like audio)
- 3G2
- 3GP
- ASF
- AVI
- F4V
- FLV
- Matroska
- MK3D
- MKV
- MPEG
- M2TS (MPEG-2 based packet format used on Blu-ray Discs)
- MP4, M4V
- MPEG Program Stream (.mpg)
- MPEG Transport Stream
- VOB
- MXF
- Ogg containers (with their variants OGM, OGV, etc.)
- QuickTime
- Replay
- WebM
Video stream formats
These formats are raw bitstream formats commonly contained in one of the above containers (but not necessarily)
- Apple Intermediate Codec
- AV1
- Cineform
- Cinepak
- Daala
- Dirac
- FFV1
- HuffyYUV
- Indeo
- Moving Blocks - Acorn Replay stream
- MPEG and all of its variants (MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-H, etc.)
- 3ivx (this is just another fourcc for an MPEG-4 variant)
- DivX (this is essentially MPEG-4 with some quirks)
- H.264
- HEVC (H.265)
- MPEG Elementary Stream
- Packetized Elementary Stream (packet format within MPEG streams)
- XviD (another MPEG-4 variant)
- QuickTime Animation
- Sorenson Video Codec
- Theora
- Thor
- VC-1
- VC-3
- VP8
- VP9
Metadata formats
Subtitle formats
- CMML (Continuous Media Markup Language)
- CVD (An SVCD subtitle format)
- DVD subtitle format
- DXFP (Distribution Format Exchange Profile)
- EBU STL
- EBU Timed Text
- JACOsub (Subtitles for Amiga video)
- Kate (OGG Kate subtitle format)
- Matroska subtitles
- OGT (Philips Overlay Graphics Text)
- SAMI subtitle format (SMI)
- Spruce subtitle format (STL)
- Structured Subtitle Format (SSF)
- SubRip text file format (SRT)
- SubStation Alpha (SSA, ASS)
- SUP (HD-DVD subtitle format)
- Universal Subtitle Format (USF)
- VobSub subtitle format (.sub, .idx)
- WebVTT (Web Video Text Tracks Format)
- XSUB (XSUB subtitle format)
Interactive media files
(generally accompany video streams and other multimedia, tying them together in a presentation or user-interaction as on a disc)
- BDMV (Blu-ray disc files for user interactivity)
- CLPI (Blu-ray disc clip info files)
- MPLS (Blu-ray disc playlists)
Video Developer/Editor files
- Heroglyph Project Format
- Sony Vegas
- Sony Vegas project format (.veg)
- Sony Vegas Movie Studio project format (.vf)
- Sony Vegas window layout format (.vegaswindowlayout)
Video streaming services
Television broadcast formats
Also see Chyron for on-screen graphics.
See Radio for more details of how such broadcasts are transmitted.
3D video
Uncategorized
These formats might eventually get sorted into the above categories, or might not quite fit in any of them.
- AVS
- Canon XF-AVC
- Canopus ProCoder
- Cinema Craft Encoder
- CinemaDNG
- Elecard
- FIASCO
- InterVideo
- JPEG XS
- Lotus ScreenCam movie (.scm)
- MainConcept
- MSU Lossless Video Codec
- NSD (Nero Super Video CD)
- Protected Interoperable File Format (PIFF)
- RTP
- SheerVideo
- TechSmith Screen Capture Codec
- VDR (VirtualDub)
Software
Refer to:
Links
- MultimediaWiki: Video Codecs
- MultimediaWiki: Container Formats
- The trajectory of television
- HTML5 video tag
- MPC-HC: media player for Windows handling just about all video/audio formats
- LG Smart TVs logging USB filenames and viewing info to LG servers
- Lossless vs. corruption (video)
- Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Moving Image Works
- Video Quality Report (from Google) - shows how your Internet connection fares with streaming video
- Excel sheet that plays video and audio
- MediaInfo: software that shows metadata for audio/video files
- HTML5 video guide
- Video metadata standardization project
- A Compressed View of Video Compression