Video

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Formats related to video and multimedia.
 +
 +
== Introduction ==
 +
* For an excellent introduction to the issues around audio and video formats, see [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/a-primer-on-codecs-for-moving-image-and-sound-archives-2/ A Primer on Codecs for Moving Image and Sound Archives - and 10 Recommendations for Codec Selection & Management] [http://www.avpreserve.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/AVPS_Codec_Primer.pdf PDF version]
 +
* [http://www.garymcgath.com/streamingprotocols.html Basics of streaming protocols]
  
 
==Pure video formats==
 
==Pure video formats==
 
These formats are "monolithic" video formats, meaning that the file format and the encoding of the video data are tied to each other.
 
These formats are "monolithic" video formats, meaning that the file format and the encoding of the video data are tied to each other.
 +
 +
See also [[Animation]], [[Graphics#Animated image formats]], and the [[#Video application formats|Video application formats]] section below.
  
 
* [[Bink Video]] (BIK)
 
* [[Bink Video]] (BIK)
−
* [[FLI]] and FLC (animation format used by older Autodesk products)
+
* [[CDXL]]
−
* [[Enhanced VOB]]
+
* [[DPX]]
−
* [[GRASP GL]] animation format
+
* [[KWZ]]
−
* [[RealVideo]]
+
* [[MTV Movie (.MTV)]]
 +
* [[MTV Video (.AMV)]]
 +
* [[PPM (Flipnote)]]
 +
* [[PSMF]]
 +
* [[SGI movie]]
 
* [[Smacker]]/SMK (created by RadGameTools; mostly used in games)
 
* [[Smacker]]/SMK (created by RadGameTools; mostly used in games)
−
* [[WMV]]
+
* [[VDEO]]
 +
* [[Video Master Film]]
 +
* [[WTV]]
  
 
==Video container formats==
 
==Video container formats==
−
These formats are only containers for video, which can contain videos in many different encodings (or even other data like audio)
+
These formats are only containers for video, which can contain videos in many different encodings (or even other data like audio).
  
 +
See also the [[#Video application formats|#Video application formats]] section below, for some higher-level container-like formats.
 +
 +
* [[Advanced Recording Format]]
 
* [[ASF]]
 
* [[ASF]]
−
* [[AVI]]
+
* [[Camtasia Recording File]]
 +
* [[EBML]]
 +
** [[Matroska]]
 +
** [[WebM]]
 
* [[FLV]]
 
* [[FLV]]
−
* [[MKV]]
+
* [[ISO Base Media File Format]]
 +
** [[MP4]]
 +
** [[QuickTime]]
 +
* [[MPEG Program Stream]] (.mpg)
 +
* [[MPEG Transport Stream]]
 +
** [[M2TS]] (MPEG-2 based packet format used on [[Blu-ray Disc]]s)
 
* [[MXF]]
 
* [[MXF]]
−
* [[Quicktime]]
+
* [[Ogg]]
 +
** [[Ogg Skeleton]]
 +
** [[OGM]]
 +
* [[RealMedia]]
 
* [[Acorn Replay|Replay]]
 
* [[Acorn Replay|Replay]]
−
* [[VOB]]
+
* [[RIFF]]
−
* [[VP8]]
+
** [[AVI]]
−
* [[WebM]]
+
* [[Webex Recording Format]]
−
* [[OGG]] containers (with their variants OGM, OGV, etc.)
+
* [[WOT]]
 +
* [[MAGIX Video]] (.mxv)
 +
 
 +
=== Single-stream container formats ===
 +
* [[MPEG Elementary Stream]]
 +
* [[Packetized Elementary Stream]] (packet format within MPEG streams)
  
 
==Video stream formats==
 
==Video stream formats==
−
These formats are raw bitstream formats commonly contained in one of the above containers (but not necessarily)
+
A.k.a. ''codecs'', these formats are raw bitstream formats commonly contained in one of the above containers (though some can be used on their own, in one way or another).
  
 +
* [[3ivx]] (this is just a fourcc for an MPEG-4 variant)
 
* [[Apple Intermediate Codec]]
 
* [[Apple Intermediate Codec]]
 +
* [[AV1]]
 +
* [[Cineform]]
 
* [[Cinepak]]
 
* [[Cinepak]]
 +
* [[Daala]]
 
* [[Dirac]]
 
* [[Dirac]]
−
* [[H.264]]
+
* [[DivX]] (this is essentially MPEG-4 with some quirks)
−
* [[HuffyYUV]]
+
* [[EVC]]
 +
* [[FFV1]]
 +
* H.261 - See [[MPEG-1]]
 +
* H.262 - See [[MPEG-2]]
 +
* [[H.264]] (MPEG-4 AVC)
 +
* [[HEVC]] (H.265)
 
* [[Indeo]]
 
* [[Indeo]]
 +
* [[LCEVC]]
 
* [[Moving Blocks]] - Acorn Replay stream
 
* [[Moving Blocks]] - Acorn Replay stream
−
* [[MPEG]] and all of its variants (MPEG2, MPEG4, etc.)
+
* [[MVI2]] - MovieCD
−
** [[3ivx]] (this is just another fourcc for an MPEG4 variant)
+
* [[NSV]] Nullsoft Streaming Video
−
** [[DivX]] (this is essentially MPEG4 with some quirks)
+
* [[ProRes]] (Apple RAW)
−
** [[XviD]] (another MPEG4 variant)
+
* [[QuickTime Animation]]
 
* [[Sorenson]] Video Codec
 
* [[Sorenson]] Video Codec
 
* [[Theora]]
 
* [[Theora]]
 +
* [[Thor]]
 
* [[VC-1]]
 
* [[VC-1]]
 
* [[VC-3]]
 
* [[VC-3]]
 +
* [[VP8]]
 +
* [[VP9]]
 +
* [[VVC]]
 +
* [[XviD]] (MPEG-4 variant)
  
−
==Simple animation formats==
+
== Lossless formats ==
−
* [[Ace Film]]
+
* [[CorePNG]]
 +
* [[HuffYUV]]
 +
* [[Lagarith]]
 +
* [[Ut Video]]
 +
* [[MagicYUV]]
 +
* [[MSU Lossless Video Codec]]
 +
* [[MSU Screen Capture Lossless Codec]]
 +
* [[ScreenPressor]]
 +
* [[TechSmith EnSharpen]]
 +
* [[TechSmith Screen Capture Codec (TSCC)]]
 +
* [[TechSmith Screen Codec v2 (TSC2)]]
  
−
See [[Graphics#Animated image formats|Graphics: Animated image formats]].
+
== Video application formats ==
 +
An application format is a name for a set of restrictions and extensions to a standard container format. It may (or may not) be restricted to a small set of stream formats. Some such formats are called ''profiles''.
 +
 
 +
* [[3G2]]
 +
* [[3GP]]
 +
* [[AVC (file format)]]
 +
* [[DVR-MS]]
 +
* [[Enhanced VOB]]
 +
* [[F4V]]
 +
* [[MJ2]]
 +
* [[MK3D]]
 +
* [[MKV]]
 +
* [[MP4]], M4V
 +
* [[Ogg Skeleton]]
 +
* Ogg Theora - See [[Theora]]
 +
* [[OGM]]
 +
* OGV - See [[Ogg]]
 +
* [[Protected Interoperable File Format]] (PIFF)
 +
* [[RealMedia Variable Bitrate]]
 +
* RealVideo - See [[RealMedia]]
 +
* [[RIFF Multimedia Movie]] (.mmm)
 +
* [[VOB]]
 +
* [[WebM]]
 +
* [[WMV]]
 +
 
 +
== Standards suites ==
 +
* [[MPEG]]
 +
** [[MPEG-1]]
 +
** [[MPEG-2]]
 +
** [[MPEG-3]]
 +
** [[MPEG-4]]
 +
** [[MPEG-5]]
 +
** [[MPEG-A]]
 +
** [[MPEG-H]]
  
 
==Metadata formats==
 
==Metadata formats==
 +
* [[F4M]] (Flash Media Manifest)
 +
* [[FilmConservationMetadata]]
 +
* [[NFO (Kodi)]] [https://kodi.wiki/view/NFO_files]
 
* [[SRR]] (reScene files)
 
* [[SRR]] (reScene files)
 
* [[SRS]] (reSample files)
 
* [[SRS]] (reSample files)
 +
* [[XnView Frame]]
  
−
==Subtitle formats==
+
==Subtitle / Caption formats==
−
* [[SUB]] and IDX ([[VobSub]] subtitle format)
+
* [[Caption Center]] (.tds)
−
* [[SUP]] (HD-DVD subtitle format)
+
* [[Captions, Inc.]] (.cin)
−
* [[SSA]] and ASS (SubStation Alpha)
+
* [[Cheetah International]] (.asc, .cap)
−
* [[SRT]] (SubRip)
+
−
* [[SMI]] (SAMI subtitle format)
+
−
* [[USF (subtitles)]] (Universal Subtitle Format)
+
−
* [[SSF (subtitles)]] (Structured Subtitle Format)
+
 
* [[CMML]] (Continuous Media Markup Language)
 
* [[CMML]] (Continuous Media Markup Language)
 +
* [[CPC-715]] (.onl)
 
* [[CVD]] (An SVCD subtitle format)
 
* [[CVD]] (An SVCD subtitle format)
−
* [[DVD]] (DVD subtitle format)
+
* [[DVD subtitle format]]
 
* [[DXFP]] (Distribution Format Exchange Profile)
 
* [[DXFP]] (Distribution Format Exchange Profile)
 +
* [[EBU STL]]
 +
* [[EBU Timed Text‎]]
 
* [[JACOsub]] (Subtitles for Amiga video)
 
* [[JACOsub]] (Subtitles for Amiga video)
−
* [[Kate]] (Kate subtitle format)
+
* [[Kate]] (OGG Kate subtitle format)
 +
* [[MacCaption]] (.mcc)
 +
* [[Matroska subtitles]]
 +
* [[National Captioning Institute]] (.cap, .flc)
 
* [[OGT]] (Philips Overlay Graphics Text)
 
* [[OGT]] (Philips Overlay Graphics Text)
−
* [[STL]] (Spruce Subtitle Format)
+
* [[PAC Subtitles]] (.pac)
 +
* [[SAMI subtitle format]] (SMI)
 +
* [[Scenarist Closed Caption]] (SCC)
 +
* [[Spruce subtitle format]] (STL)
 +
* [[Structured Subtitle Format]] (SSF)
 +
* [[SubRip text file format]] (SRT)
 +
* [[SubStation Alpha]] (SSA, ASS)
 +
* [[SUP]] (HD-DVD subtitle format)
 +
* [[Ultech Caption]] (.ult)
 +
* [[Universal Subtitle Format]] (USF)
 +
* [[VobSub]] subtitle format (.sub, .idx)
 +
* [[WebVTT]] (Web Video Text Tracks Format)
 
* [[XSUB]] (XSUB subtitle format)
 
* [[XSUB]] (XSUB subtitle format)
 +
 +
==Annotation formats==
 +
* [[ELAN Annotation Format]]
 +
 +
See also [[Annotation]].
 +
 +
==Interactive media files==
 +
(generally accompany video streams and other multimedia, tying them together in a presentation or user-interaction as on a disc)
 +
 +
* [[BDMV]] (Blu-ray disc files for user interactivity)
 +
* [[CLPI]] (Blu-ray disc clip info files)
 +
* [[MPLS]] (Blu-ray disc playlists)
 +
 +
See also [[Animation#Animated interactive media]].
 +
 +
==Video Developer/Editor files==
 +
* [[After Effects]] (.aep, .aepx)
 +
** [[AEX Plugin]] (.aex)
 +
* AVID
 +
** [[Media Composer]] (.avp, .avb)
 +
* [[DaVinci Resolve]] (.drp)
 +
* [[EditStudio]] (.eds)
 +
* [[Final Cut Pro]] (.fcp)
 +
** [[Apple Color]] (.colorproj)
 +
** [[Apple Motion]]
 +
* [[Final Cut Pro X]] (.fcpbundle)
 +
** [[FCPXML]]
 +
* [[Heroglyph Project Format]]
 +
* [[iMovie]] (.iMovieProj)
 +
* [[Kdenlive]]
 +
* [[MOFF-MODD]] (Sony PlayMemories)
 +
* [[3D Movie Maker]] (.3mm)
 +
* [[Windows Movie Maker]] (.mswmm, .wlmp)
 +
* [[MAGIX Video Project]] (.mvp)
 +
* [[MoviePlus]] (Serif, .mvp)
 +
* [[Muvee]]
 +
* [[OpenShot]]
 +
* [[Pinnacle Studio Video Project]] (.stu)
 +
* [[Premiere]] (.ppj, .ptl)
 +
* [[Premiere Pro]] (.prel, .prproj)
 +
* Roxio
 +
** [[DMSM]] (VideoWave project)
 +
** [[DMSS]] (VideoWave SlideShow Project)
 +
* Sony Vegas
 +
** [[Sony Vegas project format]] (.veg)
 +
** [[Sony Vegas Movie Studio project format]] (.vf)
 +
** [[Sony Vegas window layout format]] (.vegaswindowlayout)
 +
* [[VideoStudio]] (.vsp)
 +
* [[Wax]]
 +
* [[Wink]]
 +
* [[Winmorph]]
 +
* [[Wondershare Filmora]] (.wve, .wfp)
 +
 +
==Video streaming services==
 +
* [[Amazon Instant Video]]
 +
* [[Hulu]]
 +
* [[Netflix Streaming]]
 +
* [[Vimeo]]
 +
* [[Xfinity On Demand]]
 +
* [[YouTube]]
  
 
==Television broadcast formats==
 
==Television broadcast formats==
Line 82: Line 250:
 
* [[SECAM]]
 
* [[SECAM]]
  
−
==Unknown==
+
Also see [[Chyron]] for on-screen graphics.
−
These formats still need to be sorted into the above categories
+
 
 +
See [[Radio]] for more details of how such broadcasts are transmitted.
 +
 
 +
== Teletext ==
 +
Services that transmitted text or other data within a broadcast signal, and protocols and formats they used
 +
* [[Ceefax]]
 +
* [[NAPLPS]] (North American Presentation Layer Protocol Syntax)
 +
* [[Red Button Text]]
 +
 
 +
== 3D video ==
 +
* [[Anaglyph 3D format]]
 +
* [[Blu-ray 3D format]]
 +
* [[MK3D]]
 +
* [[SENSIO Hi-Fi 3D format]]
 +
* [[Side-by-side 3D format]]
 +
* [[Top-and-bottom 3D format]]
 +
 
 +
==Uncategorized==
 +
These formats might eventually get sorted into the above categories, or might not quite fit in any of them.
 +
* [[avrecode]]
 
* [[AVS]]
 
* [[AVS]]
 +
* [[Cinema RAW Light]] Canon (.crm)
 +
* [[Canon XF-AVC]]
 
* [[Canopus ProCoder]]
 
* [[Canopus ProCoder]]
−
* [[Cineform]]
+
* [[Captivate]] (.cp, .cptx)
 +
* [[Phantom CINE|CINE (Phantom)]] (.cci, .cin, .cine)
 
* [[Cinema Craft Encoder]]
 
* [[Cinema Craft Encoder]]
 +
* [[CinemaDNG]]
 +
* [[DL]]
 +
* [[EDL]] (Edit Decision List)
 
* [[Elecard]]
 
* [[Elecard]]
 +
* [[FIASCO]]
 +
* [[Adobe Filmstrip|Filmstrip (Adobe)]] (.flm)
 +
* [[Insta360 INSV]] (.insv)
 
* [[InterVideo]]
 
* [[InterVideo]]
−
* [[MJ2]]
+
* [[JPEG XS]]
 +
* [[Lenel Video]]
 +
* [[Lotus ScreenCam movie]] (.scm)
 
* [[MainConcept]]
 
* [[MainConcept]]
−
* [[MSU Lossless Video Codec]]
+
* [[MASH]]
 +
* [[Microsoft Photo Story]] (.wp3)
 +
* [[MovieSetter]]
 
* [[NSD]] (Nero Super Video CD)
 
* [[NSD]] (Nero Super Video CD)
 +
* [[PXL-2000]]
 +
* [[RTP]]
 
* [[SheerVideo]]
 
* [[SheerVideo]]
−
* [[TechSmith Screen Capture Codec]]
+
* [[VDR (VirtualDub)]]
 +
* [[ZCI]]
 +
 
 +
== Software ==
 +
Refer to [[Video software]].
 +
 
 +
== Links ==
 +
* [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Category:Video_Codecs MultimediaWiki: Video Codecs]
 +
* [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Category:Container_Formats MultimediaWiki: Container Formats]
 +
* [http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/06/the-trajectory-of-televisioninternet-rebellion-and-hardware-renaissance/ The trajectory of television]
 +
* [http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_video.asp HTML5 video tag]
 +
* [http://mpc-hc.org/ MPC-HC: media player for Windows handling just about all video/audio formats]
 +
* [http://doctorbeet.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/lg-smart-tvs-logging-usb-filenames-and.html LG Smart TVs logging USB filenames and viewing info to LG servers]
 +
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LfPWXIF5Ss&feature=youtu.be Lossless vs. corruption (video)]
 +
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/movimg.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Moving Image Works]
 +
* [http://www.google.com/get/videoqualityreport/ Video Quality Report (from Google)] - shows how your Internet connection fares with streaming video
 +
* [https://github.com/AyrA/ExcelPlayer Excel sheet that plays video and audio]
 +
* [http://mediaarea.net/en/MediaInfo MediaInfo: software that shows metadata for audio/video files]
 +
* [http://www.encoding.com/html5/ HTML5 video guide]
 +
* [http://dev.iptc.org/Video-Metadata Video metadata standardization project]
 +
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161016201327/http://preservationguide.co.uk/?p=244 A Compressed View of Video Compression]
 +
* [https://plus.thebulwark.com/p/death-lies-and-video-files Death, Lies, and Video Files] (on how artifacts of file format conversions can end up enmeshed in political debates)

Latest revision as of 23:13, 17 July 2024

File Format
Name Video
Ontology

{{{caption}}}

Formats related to video and multimedia.

Contents

[edit] Introduction

[edit] Pure video formats

These formats are "monolithic" video formats, meaning that the file format and the encoding of the video data are tied to each other.

See also Animation, Graphics#Animated image formats, and the Video application formats section below.

[edit] Video container formats

These formats are only containers for video, which can contain videos in many different encodings (or even other data like audio).

See also the #Video application formats section below, for some higher-level container-like formats.

[edit] Single-stream container formats

[edit] Video stream formats

A.k.a. codecs, these formats are raw bitstream formats commonly contained in one of the above containers (though some can be used on their own, in one way or another).

[edit] Lossless formats

[edit] Video application formats

An application format is a name for a set of restrictions and extensions to a standard container format. It may (or may not) be restricted to a small set of stream formats. Some such formats are called profiles.

[edit] Standards suites

[edit] Metadata formats

[edit] Subtitle / Caption formats

[edit] Annotation formats

See also Annotation.

[edit] Interactive media files

(generally accompany video streams and other multimedia, tying them together in a presentation or user-interaction as on a disc)

  • BDMV (Blu-ray disc files for user interactivity)
  • CLPI (Blu-ray disc clip info files)
  • MPLS (Blu-ray disc playlists)

See also Animation#Animated interactive media.

[edit] Video Developer/Editor files

[edit] Video streaming services

[edit] Television broadcast formats

Also see Chyron for on-screen graphics.

See Radio for more details of how such broadcasts are transmitted.

[edit] Teletext

Services that transmitted text or other data within a broadcast signal, and protocols and formats they used

[edit] 3D video

[edit] Uncategorized

These formats might eventually get sorted into the above categories, or might not quite fit in any of them.

[edit] Software

Refer to Video software.

[edit] Links

Retrieved from "http://fileformats.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=Video&oldid=48918"
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