Sinclair BASIC tokenized file - Revision history

Jsummers: Copy-editing

2020-02-15T15:35:40Z

Copy-editing

Shram86: /* ZX Spectrum 128-BASIC Tokens */ Updated for both 48/128

2020-02-10T18:59:57Z

‎ZX Spectrum 128-BASIC Tokens: Updated for both 48/128

Shram86: Added128BASIC token chart

2020-02-10T14:59:32Z

Added128BASIC token chart

Shram86: /* 5-byte numeric format */ single typo, apologies for all the edits

2020-02-10T14:24:19Z

‎5-byte numeric format: single typo, apologies for all the edits

Shram86: /* 5-byte numeric format */ fixed errors in table

2020-02-10T14:23:38Z

‎5-byte numeric format: fixed errors in table

Shram86: /* 5-byte numeric format */ Added token information

2020-02-10T14:22:48Z

‎5-byte numeric format: Added token information

Shram86: /* BASIC lines */ Fixed section link

2020-02-10T14:21:02Z

‎BASIC lines: Fixed section link

Shram86: Clarified slight misinformation on BASIC number constants

2020-02-10T14:18:51Z

Clarified slight misinformation on BASIC number constants

Shram86: /* BASIC lines */ Added newline byte for Spectrum computers

2020-02-10T14:14:11Z

‎BASIC lines: Added newline byte for Spectrum computers

Kyz: /* BASIC Variables Table */

2018-05-13T09:32:21Z

‎BASIC Variables Table

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 |subcat2=Tokenized BASIC
 }}
+'''Sinclair BASIC''' is a dialect of the [[BASIC]] programming language created by Nine Tiles Networks Ltd and used in the 8-bit home computers from Sinclair Research and Timex Sinclair.
 '''Sinclair BASIC''' is a dialect of the BASIC programming language created by Nine Tiles Networks Ltd and used in the 8-bit home computers from Sinclair Research and Timex Sinclair.
 The original 4KB version was developed for the Sinclair ZX80, followed by an 8KB version for the ZX81 and 16KB version for ZX Spectrum.
@@ Line 12: / Line 11: @@
 * When programs were SAVEd, the file written to disk or tape contained all of BASIC's internal state information, including the values of any defined basic variables, as well as the BASIC tokens.
 === BASIC File  Layout ===
 On a ZX81, a saved BASIC file is a snapshot of the computer memory from memory location 16393 through to the end of the variable table. There is no header.
@@ Line 254: / Line 254: @@
 |}
 |}
 === ZX81 BASIC Tokens ===
@@ Line 634: / Line 633: @@
 |-
 |255||COPY
 |}
 ==== ZX Spectrum 48/128 BASIC Tokens ====
@@ Line 643: / Line 640: @@
 ! title="Token" | Token (Hex)
 ! title="Description" | Description
 |-
 |0xA3 ||  SPECTRUM<sup>1</sup>
@@ Line 834: / Line 830: @@
 [1]: This token is only available in 128 BASIC.
-=== Links and references ===
+== Links ==
 * [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/ZX81BasicProgramming/ ZX81 BASIC Programming]
 * [http://www.trustedreviews.com/sinclair-zx81_Desktop-PC_review Sinclair ZX81 review (2012)]
 * [http://www.old-computers.com/museum/docs.asp?c=263 Sinclair ZX81 BASIC Programming Manual]
 <references/>
 [[Category:ZX Spectrum]]

@@ Line 638: / Line 638: @@
-==== ZX Spectrum 128-BASIC Tokens ====
+==== ZX Spectrum 48/128 BASIC Tokens ====
 {|
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 645: / Line 645: @@
 |-
-|0xA3 ||  SPECTRUM
+|0xA3 ||  SPECTRUM<sup>1</sup>
 |-
-|0xA4 || PLAY
+|0xA4 || PLAY<sup>1</sup>
 |-
 |0xA5 || RND
@@ Line 832: / Line 832: @@
 |-
 |}
+[1]: This token is only available in 128 BASIC.
 === Links and references ===

@@ Line 190: / Line 190: @@
 ==== 5-byte numeric format ====
-Numbers have one of two formats:<ref>http://www.worldofspectrum.org/ZXBasicManual/zxmanchap24.html</ref> integers between -65535 and +65535 (inclusive) are in an "integral" format, while all other numbers are in "floating point" format. The value 0 can't be represented by the floating point format, so is always stored as an integral. The token Ox7E before the number indicates floating-point, and 0x0E indicates an integral number.
+Numbers have one of two formats:<ref>http://www.worldofspectrum.org/ZXBasicManual/zxmanchap24.html</ref> integers between -65535 and +65535 (inclusive) are in an "integral" format, while all other numbers are in "floating point" format. The value 0 can't be represented by the floating point format, so is always stored as an integral. The token 0x7E before the number indicates floating-point, and 0x0E indicates an integral number.
 With "integral" format:

@@ Line 244: / Line 244: @@
 |{{magic|00 00 00 00 00}}||0
 |-
-|{{magic|00 00 00 00 00}}||1
+|{{magic|00 00 01 00 00}}||1
 |-
-|{{magic|00 00 00 00 00}}||2
+|{{magic|00 00 02 00 00}}||2
 |-
 |{{magic|00 00 FE FF 00}}||65534

@@ Line 190: / Line 190: @@
 ==== 5-byte numeric format ====
-Numbers have one of two formats:<ref>http://www.worldofspectrum.org/ZXBasicManual/zxmanchap24.html</ref> integers between -65535 and +65535 (inclusive) are in an "integral" format, while all other numbers are in "floating point" format. The value 0 can't be represented by the floating point format, so is always stored as an integral.
+Numbers have one of two formats:<ref>http://www.worldofspectrum.org/ZXBasicManual/zxmanchap24.html</ref> integers between -65535 and +65535 (inclusive) are in an "integral" format, while all other numbers are in "floating point" format. The value 0 can't be represented by the floating point format, so is always stored as an integral. The token Ox7E before the number indicates floating-point, and 0x0E indicates an integral number.
 With "integral" format:

@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 * NEWLINE (0x76 on ZX80/81, 0x0D on Spectrum)
-When a numeric constant is included in the text of a BASIC line, an ASCII string displaying the constant value will be inserted, followed by one of two tokens (indicating floating-point or integral) and then the number in [5-byte numeric format].
+When a numeric constant is included in the text of a BASIC line, an ASCII string displaying the constant value will be inserted, followed by one of two tokens (indicating floating-point or integral) and then the number in [[#5-byte numeric format|5-byte numeric format]].
 === BASIC Variables Table ===

@@ Line 101: / Line 101: @@
 * 2 byte length of text including NEWLINE (in little endian format, length "excludes" the line number and length, i.e. to skip between lines you add "length of text" +4 bytes.
 * text (BASIC tokens)
-* NEWLINE (0x76)
+* NEWLINE (0x76 on ZX80/81, 0x0D on Spectrum)
 When a numeric constant is included in the text of a BASIC line, an ASCII string displaying the constant value will be inserted, followed by the token 0x7E, and the next 5 bytes are the value of the constant in floating point format.

@@ Line 117: / Line 117: @@
 |011nnnnn
 |numeric variable
-* 1 byte: variable name (0x61 <code>a</code> to 0x7A <code>z</code>)
+* 1 byte: variable name (0x61 to 0x7A)
 * 5 bytes: numeric value
+|
@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
 |101nnnnn
 |numeric variable with multi-character name
-* 1 byte: first character of variable name (0xA1 <code>a</code> to 0xBA <code>z</code>)
+* 1 byte: first character of variable name (0xA1 to 0xBA)
 * n bytes: remainder of name (A-Z, a-z, 0-9 allowed, final character has high bit set)
 * 5 bytes: numeric value
@@ Line 141: / Line 141: @@
 |010nnnnn
 |string variable
-* 1 byte: variable name (0x41 <code>a$</code> to 0x5A <code>z$</code>)
+* 1 byte: variable name (0x41 to 0x5A)
 * 2 bytes: little-endian string length (''n'')
 * ''n'' bytes: string value (the character set is mostly ASCII)<ref>http://www.worldofspectrum.org/ZXBasicManual/zxmanappa.html</ref>
@@ Line 149: / Line 149: @@
 |100nnnnn
 |numeric array
-* 1 byte: array name (0x81 <code>a</code> to 0x9A <code>z</code>)
+* 1 byte: array name (0x81 to 0x9A)
 * 2 bytes: little-endian size of data to follow in bytes, so you can easily skip to the next variable without computing full array size
 * 1 byte: number of dimensions in the array (1-255?)
@@ Line 162: / Line 162: @@
 |110nnnnn
 |character array
-* 1 byte: array name (0xC1 <code>a$</code> to 0xDA <code>z$</code>)
+* 1 byte: array name (0xC1 to 0xDA)
 * 2 bytes: little-endian size of data to follow in bytes, so you can easily skip to the next variable without computing full array size
 * 1 byte: number of dimensions in the array (1-255?)
@@ Line 176: / Line 176: @@
 |111nnnnnn
 |control variable of a FOR-NEXT loop.
-* 1 byte: variable name (0xE1 <code>a</code> to 0xFA <code>z</code>)
+* 1 byte: variable name (0xE1 to 0xFA)
 * 5 bytes: current value (number)
 * 5 bytes: loop end limit (number)
 * 5 bytes: loop step increment (number)
-* 2 bytes: little-endian line number where the FOR loop was started (or 0xFEFF if started from the command line)
+* 2 bytes: little-endian line number where the FOR loop was started
-* 1 byte: unknown purpose, usually 2?
+* 1 byte: statement number within line where the FOR loop was started
+|
 * {{magic|E9 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 FF FE 02}} &rarr; <code>FOR i=1 TO 5</code> (before loop has run)