Roman numerals - Revision history

VolodyA! V Anarhist: /* Cyrillic keyboards */

2015-06-09T13:59:17Z

‎Cyrillic keyboards

VolodyA! V Anarhist: /* Cyrillic keyboards */

2015-06-09T08:32:53Z

‎Cyrillic keyboards

VolodyA! V Anarhist at 08:32, 9 June 2015

2015-06-09T08:32:08Z

VolodyA! V Anarhist: /* Cyrillic keyboards */

2015-05-10T16:20:26Z

‎Cyrillic keyboards

VolodyA! V Anarhist: Cyrillic keyboards

2015-05-10T16:17:59Z

Cyrillic keyboards

Dan Tobias: /* Numerology */

2012-12-04T01:21:25Z

‎Numerology

Dan Tobias at 01:18, 4 December 2012

2012-12-04T01:18:45Z

Dan Tobias at 01:13, 4 December 2012

2012-12-04T01:13:29Z

Dan Tobias: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=Languages |subcat=Written Languages }} '''Roman numerals''' were used from ancient Roman times through medieval times (until [[Hindu-Arabic numerals]..."

2012-12-04T01:12:36Z

Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=Languages |subcat=Written Languages }} '''Roman numerals''' were used from ancient Roman times through medieval times (until [[Hindu-Arabic numerals]..."

New page

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=Languages
|subcat=Written Languages
}}

'''Roman numerals''' were used from ancient Roman times through medieval times (until [[Hindu-Arabic numerals]] were introduced to the West), and continue to be seen in various places such as copyright notices and Super Bowl numbers where they're considered to have more "gravitas" than ordinary numbers. Mathematics is very difficult with Roman numerals, which is one reason it stagnated in the West compared to the relatively more advanced Arab countries in the middle ages.

Roman numerals use combinations of a few letters which are given numeric values:

I = 1
V = 5
X = 10
L = 50
C = 100
D = 500
M = 1000

Combinations of these letters normally stand for the sum of them (e.g., VII for 7), but there is also a "subtractive" notation which allows a letter to immediately precede the next-higher letter in the system to represent the higher letter minus the lower one (e.g., IX for 9, which is 10-1).

Sometimes higher numbers are formed with an overbar indicating 1000 times the letter value, or an overbar combined with surrounding vertical bars representing one hundred thousand times it. However, sometimes overbars and underbars simply represent that something is a numeral rather than other uses of letters.

== References ==

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_numerals Roman numerals (Wikipedia)]

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 |}
-These substitutions were needed, because in Russia (and USSR) Roman numerals was commonly used to write a month in dates (thus non-ambiguously separating it from day and year).
+These substitutions were needed, because in Russia (and USSR) Roman numerals are commonly used to write a month in dates (thus non-ambiguously separating it from day and year).
 This should '''not''' be confused with [[Cyrillic numerals]].

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 ! Roman numeral
 | Ⅰ
 | Ⅴ
 | Ⅹ
@@ Line 39: / Line 41: @@
 ! Cyrillic representation
 | !
 | У
 | Х

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 == Numerology ==
-Since the Roman system assigns numeric values to letters, some people attempt to use it to derive numeric values for words or names by adding up the letters in them which are also numerals. When doing this, it is usual to count J the same as I, and U the same as V, since those letters were equivalent in Roman times. If one could get a name to equal 666 this way, this could be seen to have religious significance due to the Biblical reference to the "number of the beast".
+Since the Roman system assigns numeric values to letters, some people attempt to use it to derive numeric values for words or names by adding up the letters in them which are also numerals. When doing this, it is usual to count J the same as I, and U the same as V, since those letters were equivalent in Roman times. (W should count as two Vs, equal to X in numbering, since that is the origin of the letter.) If one could get a name to equal 666 this way, this could be seen to have religious significance due to the Biblical reference to the "number of the beast".
 This exercise can be done with a number of other numbering systems as well; the Greek and Hebrew alphabets had standard numeric assignments used in those cultures, and in modern times there are even more letter-to-number assigments available, including [[ASCII]] and [[Unicode]] code points and telephone-dial numbers and letters.

@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
 These substitutions were needed, because in Russia (and USSR) Roman numerals was commonly used to write a month in dates (thus non-ambiguously separating it from day and year).
 == References ==
 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_numerals Roman numerals (Wikipedia)]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 |formattype=Languages
 |subcat=Written Languages
 }}

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
   M = 1000
-Combinations of these letters normally stand for the sum of them (e.g., VII for 7), but there is also a "subtractive" notation which allows a letter to immediately precede the next-higher letter in the system to represent the higher letter minus the lower one (e.g., IX for 9, which is 10-1).
+Combinations of these letters normally stand for the sum of them (e.g., VII for 7), but there is also a "subtractive" notation which allows a letter to immediately precede a higher letter in the system to represent the higher letter minus the lower one (e.g., IX for 9, which is 10-1).
 Sometimes higher numbers are formed with an overbar indicating 1000 times the letter value, or an overbar combined with surrounding vertical bars representing one hundred thousand times it. However, sometimes overbars and underbars simply represent that something is a numeral rather than other uses of letters.