Just Solve the File Format Problem - User contributions [en]

Compress (Unix)

2026-04-21T11:40:26Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|name=compress (Unix)
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|extensions={{ext|Z}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/x-compress}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q29209269}}
|released=~1984
}}
:''This article is about a specific file format. For compression in general, see [[Compression]].''

'''compress''' is a Unix command line utility, and a general-purpose compressed file format. Its compression algorithm is based on [[LZW]].

== Identifiers ==
The conventional filename extension is a capitalized '''.Z'''.

== Identification ==
Files begin with bytes {{magic|1f 9d}}.

== See also ==
* [[SCO compress LZH]] - variant
* [[Quasijarus Strong Compression]] - variant
* [[pack (Unix)]] - predecessor
* [[compact (Unix)]] - predecessor
* [[Squash (RISC OS)]]
* [[compact (Gene Olson)]]

Formats that could be considered to be the successors of ''compress'' include [[Freeze/Melt]], and (especially) [[Gzip]].

== The 0x1f compression family ==
There are several compressed file formats, with similar features, that begin with byte value {{magic|0x1f}} (octal 037; decimal 31). We arbitrarily choose ''compress'' as the representative example, and list the formats here.

{| class="wikitable"
! Signature (hex) !! Format
|-
| <code>1f 1e</code> || [[pack (Unix)]]
|-
| <code>1f 1f</code> || [[pack (Unix)]] - old format
|-
| <code>1f 8b</code> || [[gzip]]
|-
| <code>1f 9d</code> || compress
|-
| <code>1f 9e</code> || [[Freeze/Melt]] - old format
|-
| <code>1f 9f</code> || [[Freeze/Melt]] - new format
|-
| <code>1f a0</code> || [[SCO compress LZH]]
|-
| <code>1f a1</code> || [[Quasijarus Strong Compression]]
|-
| <code>1f ff</code> or <code>ff 1f</code> || [[compact (Unix)]]
|}

== Software ==
* [https://vapier.github.io/ncompress/ ncompress]
* [https://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/ Gzip]
* [[7-Zip]]
* [https://github.com/vapier/liblzw liblzw]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20130702195528/http://www.willus.com/archive/unixcmds.zip Windows port of Compress utility]
* {{Deark}}
* [https://github.com/temisu/ancient Ancient]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/Free-Pascal-port-of-Unix-compress-uncompress Free Pascal port for modern Windows]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/compress}}

== External links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Compress (software)|Wikipedia article]]

[[Category:File formats with extension .z]]
[[Category:File formats with case sensitive extensions]]
{{DISPLAYTITLE:compress (Unix)}}

Pack (Unix)

2026-04-20T06:35:32Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|name=pack (Unix)
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|extensions={{ext|z}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q29650301}}
}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:pack (Unix)}}'''pack''' is a command in Unix-style operating systems to compress files using [[Huffman coding]]. Files normally have a lowercase '''.z''' extension, appended to their names including any other extension they may already have in their uncompressed versions, e.g., '''file.txt.z'''.

== See also ==
* [[compress (Unix)]]
* [[compact (Unix)]]

== Identification ==
Files begin with bytes {{magic|0x1F 0x1E}}.

The gzip source code mentions an "old pack format" that begins with {{magic|0x1F 0x1F}}.

See also [[compress (Unix)#The 0x1f compression family]].

== Software ==
* [https://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/ GNU gzip] ''[Note: Broken in v1.6 - 1.8]''
* [https://github.com/temisu/ancient Ancient]
* {{Deark}}
* [https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=V10 Tenth Edition of Unix] → v10src.tar.bz2 → cmd/pack/ - Source code
* illumos: [http://src.illumos.org/source/xref/illumos-gate/usr/src/cmd/pack/ pack], [http://src.illumos.org/source/xref/illumos-gate/usr/src/cmd/unpack/ unpack] - Source code
* https://github.com/koalaman/pack - A modern implementation in Haskell (write-only)
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/Free-Pascal-port-of-Unix-pack-unpack Modern Free Pascal port of pack/unpack for Windows]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/pack}}

== References ==
* [http://www.mkssoftware.com/docs/man1/pack.1.asp pack man page (MKS Toolkit)]
* [http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/zos/v1r13/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.zos.r13.bpxa500%2Fpack.htm pack man page (IBM)]
* [https://www.vidarholen.net/contents/blog/?p=691 An ode to pack: gzip’s forgotten decompressor]

Pack (Unix)

2026-04-20T06:34:58Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|name=pack (Unix)
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|extensions={{ext|z}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q29650301}}
}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:pack (Unix)}}'''pack''' is a command in Unix-style operating systems to compress files using [[Huffman coding]]. Files normally have a lowercase '''.z''' extension, appended to their names including any other extension they may already have in their uncompressed versions, e.g., '''file.txt.z'''.

== See also ==
* [[compress (Unix)]]
* [[compact (Unix)]]

== Identification ==
Files begin with bytes {{magic|0x1F 0x1E}}.

The gzip source code mentions an "old pack format" that begins with {{magic|0x1F 0x1F}}.

See also [[compress (Unix)#The 0x1f compression family]].

== Software ==
* [https://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/ GNU gzip] ''[Note: Broken in v1.6 - 1.8]''
* [https://github.com/temisu/ancient Ancient]
* {{Deark}}
* [https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=V10 Tenth Edition of Unix] → v10src.tar.bz2 → cmd/pack/ - Source code
* illumos: [http://src.illumos.org/source/xref/illumos-gate/usr/src/cmd/pack/ pack], [http://src.illumos.org/source/xref/illumos-gate/usr/src/cmd/unpack/ unpack] - Source code
* https://github.com/koalaman/pack - A modern implementation in Haskell (write-only)
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/Free-Pascal-port-of-Unix-pack-unpack - modern Free Pascal port of pack/unpack for Windows]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/pack}}

== References ==
* [http://www.mkssoftware.com/docs/man1/pack.1.asp pack man page (MKS Toolkit)]
* [http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/zos/v1r13/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.zos.r13.bpxa500%2Fpack.htm pack man page (IBM)]
* [https://www.vidarholen.net/contents/blog/?p=691 An ode to pack: gzip’s forgotten decompressor]

Compact (Unix)

2026-04-18T09:06:48Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|name=compact (Unix)
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|extensions={{ext|C}}
|released=~1979
}}
:''See [[Compact]] for other formats with that name.''

{{DISPLAYTITLE:compact (Unix)}}'''compact''' is an old Unix file compression utility and compressed file format, similar in function to [[Pack (Unix)|pack]] and [[compress (Unix)|compress]]. It uses [[adaptive Huffman coding]]. It was developed by Colin L. McMaster.

It has companion utilities named <code>uncompact</code> and <code>ccat</code>.

Compacted files have a capitalized ".C" suffix.

== Identification ==
Compacted files most likely start with bytes {{magic|ff 1f}}.

However, {{magic|1f ff}} is also possible, depending on how the software was configured at compile time. It's not clear what the intent was.

== Software ==
* compact (source code)
** http://www.retro11.de/ouxr/43bsd/usr/src/old/compact/
** https://www.tuhs.org/Archive/Distributions/UCB/4.3BSD/src.tar.gz → old/compact/*
* [https://github.com/temisu/ancient Ancient]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/Free-Pascal-port-of-Unix-compact-uncompact Free Pascal port, source code+binary for Windows]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/compact}}

== Links ==
* [https://www.unix.com/man-page/ultrix/1/uncompact/ Ultrix man page]
* [https://docstore.mik.ua/manuals/hp-ux/en/B2355-60130/compact.1.html HP-UX man page]

[[Category:File formats with extension .c]]
[[Category:File formats with case sensitive extensions]]

AU

2025-04-16T23:07:20Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|au}}, {{ext|snd}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|audio/basic}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/139}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q672985}}
|kaitai struct=au
}}
'''Sun Microsystems audio file''' ('''.au''') is an audio file format commonly used on Sun & NeXT operating systems.

== Format ==
Files have a 24-byte header, followed by a optional description field of at least 4 bytes, then the audio data.

== Identification ==
Files begin with signature bytes <code>2e 73 6e 64</code> ("<code>.snd</code>").

== Specifications ==
* [http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E36784_01/html/E36882/au-4.html Oracle Solaris 11.2 man pages: au(4)]
* http://pubs.opengroup.org/external/auformat.html

== Software ==
* [http://sox.sourceforge.net/ SoX - Sound eXchange]

== Sample files ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151028183456/https://hg.java.net/hg/solaris~on-src/file/b23a4dab3d50/usr/src/cmd/audio/samples/au https://hg.java.net/hg/solaris~on-src/file/b23a4dab3d50/usr/src/cmd/audio/samples/au]
* {{DexvertSamples|audio/au}}

== Resources ==
* [[Wikipedia:Au file format]]
* [http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/Documents/AudioFormats/AU/AU.html Audio File Format Specifications: AU or NeXT/Sun sound file]

[[Category:Sun]]

True Audio

2025-03-29T07:38:04Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|tta}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/952}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/953}}
}}

== Description ==

'''True Audio''' or '''TTA''' is an open source audio file format and codec for lossless compression of audio data. It can store audio with a PCM bit resolution of 8, 16 and 24 bits. '''TTA''' supports [[ID3|ID3v1]], [[ID3|ID3v2]] and [[APE tag|APEv2]] tag formats.

== Information ==

* [http://tausoft.org/wiki/True_Audio_Codec_Overview Home of True Audio]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190207033326/http://tausoft.org/wiki/True_Audio_Codec_Format TTA Format Description]
* [https://sourceforge.net/projects/tta/files/tta/ Downloads]
* [https://wiki.hydrogenaud.io/index.php?title=TTA HydrogenAudio article]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TTA_(codec) Wikipedia article]

== Software ==

=== Windows ===

* Windows Media Player 11 & 12
* [http://mpc-hc.sourceforge.net/ Media Player Classic - Home Cinema]
* Winamp (supported through plug-in)
* foobar2000 (supported through [https://sourceforge.net/projects/tta/files/tta/ plug-in])
* [http://www.rarewares.org/lossless.php#tta-foobar Unofficial foobar2000 plug-in]

=== Cross-platform ===

* [[VLC|VLC Media Player]]

Photo CD

2025-03-15T12:40:57Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|pcd}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/211}}
|released=1992
}}
Kodak '''Photo CD''' ('''PCD''') is an image file format that was used by products and services which developed photographs by digitizing them and writing them to a CD.

Photo CD files combine six different resolution versions of the original image into a single compressed file.

Designed for 35 mm photography, the original Photo CD Master disc can hold about 100 images, or four, 24-exposure rolls of film. The images are stored using the Photo YCC color encoding metric, developed by Kodak, which stores data at multiple levels of resolution in units called IMAGE PAC files.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/19961227013151/http://www.kodak.com/digitalImaging/aboutPhotoCD/aboutPCD5.shtml</ref>

== Identification ==
The ASCII string "<code>PCD_IPI</code>" appears in the file, usually(?) at offset 2048.

== Structure ==
Main image (called "Base") is located at 0x30000 and is in 512x768 resolution, uncompressed and YUV color space.
List of resolutions:

<pre>
192x128
384x256
768x512
1536x1024
3072x2048
6144x4096
</pre>
First 3 resolutions are not encoded and are used as thumbnails. 1536x1024 image needs to be Huffman decompressed and its elements added to each corresponding pixel of 768x512 image upscaled to 1536x1024.
The same with higher resolutions. 6144x4096 might be stored in a separate file.

== Converting PCD to other formats ==
PCD files contain multiple resolutions and have other subtitles that tools must be aware of. [http://www.tedfelix.com/PhotoCD/PCDSoftware.html This page] discusses tool support, and recommends [http://pcdtojpeg.sourceforge.net/Home.html pcdtojpeg] over [[ImageMagick]], which had flaws at that time. It seems that later versions of ImageMagick have dealt with the colour blow-out issues.

Note that, when converting PCD files using ImageMagick, you must manually select the resolution layer you want. e.g.

<pre>
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[0] BlownJohn-0.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[1] BlownJohn-1.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[2] BlownJohn-2.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[3] BlownJohn-3.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[4] BlownJohn-4.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[5] BlownJohn-5.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[6] BlownJohn-6.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[7] BlownJohn-7.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[8] BlownJohn-8.png
</pre>

However, examining the results, we can see that some of these are the same:

<pre>
$ ls -l BlownJohn-?.png
52322 BlownJohn-0.png
52322 BlownJohn-1.png
191840 BlownJohn-2.png
707221 BlownJohn-3.png
2476659 BlownJohn-4.png
9668328 BlownJohn-5.png
28572165 BlownJohn-6.png
28572165 BlownJohn-7.png
28572165 BlownJohn-8.png
</pre>

i.e. (0,1) are identical, as are (6,7,8), with (1) being the lowest resolution and (6) being the highest. This is consistent with the six resolutions that should be present in the PCD. For the highest resolution, use this:

<pre>
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[6] BlownJohn.png
</pre>

The [http://fam-tille.de/debian/pcd2html.html pcd2html] tool may also be useful.

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfilesURL|prettywomen/IMAGES/}}
* http://www.fileformat.info/format/photocd/sample/index.htm (file uses a [[PICT]] wrapper)
* [https://archive.org/details/Kodak_PhotoCD_Photo_Sampler_Eastman_Kodak_Company_1991 Kodak PhotoCD Sampler Disc Image]
* {{DexvertSamples|image/pcd}}

== Libraries ==
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/PCD-reader-for-Delphi-Lazarus-Free-Pascal PCD unit for Delphi/Lazarus] - library in Pascal

== Software ==
* [[Tom's Viewer]]
* [[XnView]]

== External Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Photo CD|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.kodak.com/go/photocd Kodak Photo CD web page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19991013140924/http://kodak.com/US/en/digital/dlc/book2/chapter4/imgpacp1.shtml Kodak Image Pac Learning (archived)]
* {{EGFF|photocd|Kodak Photo CD File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [https://archive.org/details/mac_Graphics_File_Formats_Second_Edition_1996/page/n543/mode/2up Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats Chapter on PCD]
* [http://tedfelix.com/PhotoCD/PCDDeveloper.html PCD Developers Info]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Optical Discs]]

Photo CD

2025-03-15T12:28:56Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|pcd}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/211}}
|released=1992
}}
Kodak '''Photo CD''' ('''PCD''') is an image file format that was used by products and services which developed photographs by digitizing them and writing them to a CD.

Photo CD files combine six different resolution versions of the original image into a single compressed file.

Designed for 35 mm photography, the original Photo CD Master disc can hold about 100 images, or four, 24-exposure rolls of film. The images are stored using the Photo YCC color encoding metric, developed by Kodak, which stores data at multiple levels of resolution in units called IMAGE PAC files.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/19961227013151/http://www.kodak.com/digitalImaging/aboutPhotoCD/aboutPCD5.shtml</ref>

== Identification ==
The ASCII string "<code>PCD_IPI</code>" appears in the file, usually(?) at offset 2048.

== Structure ==
Main image (called "Base") is located at 0x30000 and is in 512x768 resolution, uncompressed and YUV color space.
List of resolutions:

192x128
384x256
768x512
1536x1024
3072x2048
6144x4096

== Converting PCD to other formats ==
PCD files contain multiple resolutions and have other subtitles that tools must be aware of. [http://www.tedfelix.com/PhotoCD/PCDSoftware.html This page] discusses tool support, and recommends [http://pcdtojpeg.sourceforge.net/Home.html pcdtojpeg] over [[ImageMagick]], which had flaws at that time. It seems that later versions of ImageMagick have dealt with the colour blow-out issues.

Note that, when converting PCD files using ImageMagick, you must manually select the resolution layer you want. e.g.

<pre>
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[0] BlownJohn-0.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[1] BlownJohn-1.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[2] BlownJohn-2.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[3] BlownJohn-3.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[4] BlownJohn-4.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[5] BlownJohn-5.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[6] BlownJohn-6.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[7] BlownJohn-7.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[8] BlownJohn-8.png
</pre>

However, examining the results, we can see that some of these are the same:

<pre>
$ ls -l BlownJohn-?.png
52322 BlownJohn-0.png
52322 BlownJohn-1.png
191840 BlownJohn-2.png
707221 BlownJohn-3.png
2476659 BlownJohn-4.png
9668328 BlownJohn-5.png
28572165 BlownJohn-6.png
28572165 BlownJohn-7.png
28572165 BlownJohn-8.png
</pre>

i.e. (0,1) are identical, as are (6,7,8), with (1) being the lowest resolution and (6) being the highest. This is consistent with the six resolutions that should be present in the PCD. For the highest resolution, use this:

<pre>
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[6] BlownJohn.png
</pre>

The [http://fam-tille.de/debian/pcd2html.html pcd2html] tool may also be useful.

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfilesURL|prettywomen/IMAGES/}}
* http://www.fileformat.info/format/photocd/sample/index.htm (file uses a [[PICT]] wrapper)
* [https://archive.org/details/Kodak_PhotoCD_Photo_Sampler_Eastman_Kodak_Company_1991 Kodak PhotoCD Sampler Disc Image]
* {{DexvertSamples|image/pcd}}

== Libraries ==
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/PCD-reader-for-Delphi-Lazarus-Free-Pascal PCD unit for Delphi/Lazarus] - library in Pascal

== Software ==
* [[Tom's Viewer]]
* [[XnView]]

== External Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Photo CD|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.kodak.com/go/photocd Kodak Photo CD web page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19991013140924/http://kodak.com/US/en/digital/dlc/book2/chapter4/imgpacp1.shtml Kodak Image Pac Learning (archived)]
* {{EGFF|photocd|Kodak Photo CD File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [https://archive.org/details/mac_Graphics_File_Formats_Second_Edition_1996/page/n543/mode/2up Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats Chapter on PCD]
* [http://tedfelix.com/PhotoCD/PCDDeveloper.html PCD Developers Info]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Optical Discs]]

Photo CD

2025-03-15T11:55:09Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|pcd}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/211}}
|released=1992
}}
Kodak '''Photo CD''' ('''PCD''') is an image file format that was used by products and services which developed photographs by digitizing them and writing them to a CD.

Photo CD files combine six different resolution versions of the original image into a single compressed file.

Designed for 35 mm photography, the original Photo CD Master disc can hold about 100 images, or four, 24-exposure rolls of film. The images are stored using the Photo YCC color encoding metric, developed by Kodak, which stores data at multiple levels of resolution in units called IMAGE PAC files.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/19961227013151/http://www.kodak.com/digitalImaging/aboutPhotoCD/aboutPCD5.shtml</ref>

== Identification ==
The ASCII string "<code>PCD_IPI</code>" appears in the file, usually(?) at offset 2048.

== Structure ==
Main image (called "Base") is located at 0x30000 and is in 512x768 resolution, uncompressed and YUV color space.

== Converting PCD to other formats ==
PCD files contain multiple resolutions and have other subtitles that tools must be aware of. [http://www.tedfelix.com/PhotoCD/PCDSoftware.html This page] discusses tool support, and recommends [http://pcdtojpeg.sourceforge.net/Home.html pcdtojpeg] over [[ImageMagick]], which had flaws at that time. It seems that later versions of ImageMagick have dealt with the colour blow-out issues.

Note that, when converting PCD files using ImageMagick, you must manually select the resolution layer you want. e.g.

<pre>
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[0] BlownJohn-0.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[1] BlownJohn-1.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[2] BlownJohn-2.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[3] BlownJohn-3.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[4] BlownJohn-4.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[5] BlownJohn-5.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[6] BlownJohn-6.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[7] BlownJohn-7.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[8] BlownJohn-8.png
</pre>

However, examining the results, we can see that some of these are the same:

<pre>
$ ls -l BlownJohn-?.png
52322 BlownJohn-0.png
52322 BlownJohn-1.png
191840 BlownJohn-2.png
707221 BlownJohn-3.png
2476659 BlownJohn-4.png
9668328 BlownJohn-5.png
28572165 BlownJohn-6.png
28572165 BlownJohn-7.png
28572165 BlownJohn-8.png
</pre>

i.e. (0,1) are identical, as are (6,7,8), with (1) being the lowest resolution and (6) being the highest. This is consistent with the six resolutions that should be present in the PCD. For the highest resolution, use this:

<pre>
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[6] BlownJohn.png
</pre>

The [http://fam-tille.de/debian/pcd2html.html pcd2html] tool may also be useful.

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfilesURL|prettywomen/IMAGES/}}
* http://www.fileformat.info/format/photocd/sample/index.htm (file uses a [[PICT]] wrapper)
* [https://archive.org/details/Kodak_PhotoCD_Photo_Sampler_Eastman_Kodak_Company_1991 Kodak PhotoCD Sampler Disc Image]
* {{DexvertSamples|image/pcd}}

== Libraries ==
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/PCD-reader-for-Delphi-Lazarus-Free-Pascal PCD unit for Delphi/Lazarus] - library in Pascal

== Software ==
* [[Tom's Viewer]]
* [[XnView]]

== External Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Photo CD|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.kodak.com/go/photocd Kodak Photo CD web page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19991013140924/http://kodak.com/US/en/digital/dlc/book2/chapter4/imgpacp1.shtml Kodak Image Pac Learning (archived)]
* {{EGFF|photocd|Kodak Photo CD File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [https://archive.org/details/mac_Graphics_File_Formats_Second_Edition_1996/page/n543/mode/2up Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats Chapter on PCD]
* [http://tedfelix.com/PhotoCD/PCDDeveloper.html PCD Developers Info]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Optical Discs]]

Photo CD

2025-03-13T15:41:02Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|pcd}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/211}}
|released=1992
}}
Kodak '''Photo CD''' ('''PCD''') is an image file format that was used by products and services which developed photographs by digitizing them and writing them to a CD.

Photo CD files combine six different resolution versions of the original image into a single compressed file.

Designed for 35 mm photography, the original Photo CD Master disc can hold about 100 images, or four, 24-exposure rolls of film. The images are stored using the Photo YCC color encoding metric, developed by Kodak, which stores data at multiple levels of resolution in units called IMAGE PAC files.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/19961227013151/http://www.kodak.com/digitalImaging/aboutPhotoCD/aboutPCD5.shtml</ref>

== Identification ==
The ASCII string "<code>PCD_IPI</code>" appears in the file, usually(?) at offset 2048.

== Structure ==
Main image (called "Base") is located at 0x30000 and is in 512x768 resolution, uncompressed and YUV color space.

== Converting PCD to other formats ==
PCD files contain multiple resolutions and have other subtitles that tools must be aware of. [http://www.tedfelix.com/PhotoCD/PCDSoftware.html This page] discusses tool support, and recommends [http://pcdtojpeg.sourceforge.net/Home.html pcdtojpeg] over [[ImageMagick]], which had flaws at that time. It seems that later versions of ImageMagick have dealt with the colour blow-out issues.

Note that, when converting PCD files using ImageMagick, you must manually select the resolution layer you want. e.g.

<pre>
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[0] BlownJohn-0.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[1] BlownJohn-1.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[2] BlownJohn-2.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[3] BlownJohn-3.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[4] BlownJohn-4.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[5] BlownJohn-5.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[6] BlownJohn-6.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[7] BlownJohn-7.png
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[8] BlownJohn-8.png
</pre>

However, examining the results, we can see that some of these are the same:

<pre>
$ ls -l BlownJohn-?.png
52322 BlownJohn-0.png
52322 BlownJohn-1.png
191840 BlownJohn-2.png
707221 BlownJohn-3.png
2476659 BlownJohn-4.png
9668328 BlownJohn-5.png
28572165 BlownJohn-6.png
28572165 BlownJohn-7.png
28572165 BlownJohn-8.png
</pre>

i.e. (0,1) are identical, as are (6,7,8), with (1) being the lowest resolution and (6) being the highest. This is consistent with the six resolutions that should be present in the PCD. For the highest resolution, use this:

<pre>
$ convert BlownJohn.pcd[6] BlownJohn.png
</pre>

The [http://fam-tille.de/debian/pcd2html.html pcd2html] tool may also be useful.

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfilesURL|prettywomen/IMAGES/}}
* http://www.fileformat.info/format/photocd/sample/index.htm (file uses a [[PICT]] wrapper)
* [https://archive.org/details/Kodak_PhotoCD_Photo_Sampler_Eastman_Kodak_Company_1991 Kodak PhotoCD Sampler Disc Image]
* {{DexvertSamples|image/pcd}}

== Software ==
* [[Tom's Viewer]]
* [[XnView]]

== External Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Photo CD|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.kodak.com/go/photocd Kodak Photo CD web page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19991013140924/http://kodak.com/US/en/digital/dlc/book2/chapter4/imgpacp1.shtml Kodak Image Pac Learning (archived)]
* {{EGFF|photocd|Kodak Photo CD File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [https://archive.org/details/mac_Graphics_File_Formats_Second_Edition_1996/page/n543/mode/2up Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats Chapter on PCD]
* [http://tedfelix.com/PhotoCD/PCDDeveloper.html PCD Developers Info]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Optical Discs]]

JPEG XL

2025-03-02T14:58:47Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|jxl}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/jxl}}
|extended from=[[JPEG]], [[PIK]], [[FUIF]]
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/1484}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/1485}}
|magic={{magic|FF 0A}} or {{magic|00 00 00 0C 4A 58 4C 20 0D 0A 87 0A}}
|patent license=Royalty-Free
|released=2021
}}
'''JPEG XL''' is a compressed image format and/or file format that is yet another attempt to be the next [[JPEG]]. It was first announced around 2017-08. It is expected to be published as ISO/IEC 18181.

JPEG XL is based in part on the [[FUIF]] and [[PIK]] formats.[https://github.com/cloudinary/fuif/blob/3ed48249a9cbe68740aa4ea58098ab0cd4b87eaa/README.md] The standard also supports recompression of JPEG files with bit-exact reconstruction.

== Identification ==
* Based on the [https://gitlab.com/wg1/jpeg-xl/-/blob/master/lib/jxl/decode.cc reference implementation], JPEG XL codestreams start with bytes {{magic|ff 0a}}.
* Codestreams may also be wrapped in an ISOBMFF-based file format ([https://gitlab.com/wg1/jpeg-xl/-/blob/master/tools/box/box.cc implementation]). See [https://gitlab.com/wg1/jpeg-xl/-/blob/main/doc/format_overview.md format overview]:
** the first 4 bytes would be the size of the box (<code>00 00 00 0C</code>, meaning 12 bytes long),
** the box ID would be <code>4A 58 4C 20</code> (in ASCII <code>JXL </code>) and
** the box content would be the overall signature <code>0D 0A 87 0A</code>.

== Specifications ==
* [https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.03565 Committee Draft of JPEG XL] (2019-08)
* [https://www.iso.org/standard/77977.html ISO/IEC 18181]

== Libraries ==
* [https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl libjxl] - official libjxl implementation in C++
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/JPEG-XL-reader-for-Delphi-Free-Pascal-Lazarus JPEG XL Library for Delphi/Lazarus/FreePascal] - simple open source library

== Software ==
* [https://gitlab.com/wg1/jpeg-xl Open-source reference software]
* [https://jpegxl-converter.com/ Online converter to JXL]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/jpegxl/comments/qcd0ao/gimp_3_to_support_jpeg_xl/ GIMP Support]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/jxl2png jxl2png] - Simple command line converter to PNG/BMP/JPG/PNM

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/jpegXL}}

== Links ==
* [https://jpeg.org/jpegxl/ Overview of JPEG XL]
* [https://jpeg.org/items/20171107_cfp_jpeg_xl.html Next-Generation Image Compression (JPEG XL) Draft Call for Proposals] (2017-11)
* [https://jpeg.org/items/20180221_cfp_jpeg_xl.html Revised Draft Call for Proposals] (2018-02)
* [https://jpeg.org/items/20180423_cfp_jpeg_xl.html Final Call for Proposals] (2018-04)
* [http://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20170815-jpeg-xl-call-for-draft/ Gigazine article] (2017-08-15)
* [https://www.slideshare.net/cloudinarymarketing/imagecon-2019-jon-sneyer Slides from Imagecon 2019 presentation]
* [https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceedings/Download?fullDOI=10.1117%2F12.2529237 Introductory paper (open access)]
* [https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2556264 Benchmarking JPEG XL image compression]
* [https://cloudinary.com/blog/how_jpeg_xl_compares_to_other_image_codecs How JPEG XL Compares to Other Image Codecs] (2020-05-26)
* [https://github.com/exiftool/exiftool/issues/77 Codestream vs Container discussion]

[[Category:JPEG (organization)]]
[[Category:JPEG]]
[[Category:Box file format]]

Scalable Vector Graphics

2025-03-01T20:14:39Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|svg}}, {{ext|svgz}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/svg+xml}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000515}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/91}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/92}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/109}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/413}}
|released=2001
}}
'''Scalable Vector Graphics''' ('''SVG''') is an [[XML]]-based method for storing [[Graphics|vector images]].

== Specifications ==

* [http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/ Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)]
** [http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/ Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 2]
*** [http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-SVG2-20120828/ Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 2] (2012-08-28, W3C Working Draft)
** [http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/ Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1]
*** [http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-SVG11-20110816/ Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 (Second Edition)] (2011-08-16, W3C Recommendation)
*** [http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVG11-20030114/ Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 (First Edition)] (2003-01-14, W3C Recommendation)
** Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.0
*** [http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/ Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.0] (2001-09-04, W3C Recommendation)

=== Mobile Profiles ===

* SVG Tiny
** [http://www.w3.org/TR/SVGTiny12/ Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Tiny 1.2]
*** [http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-SVGTiny12-20081222/ Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Tiny 1.2] (2008-12-22, W3C Recommendation)
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/SVGMobile/ Mobile SVG Profiles: SVG Tiny and SVG Basic]
** [http://www.w3.org/TR/SVGMobile12/ Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Tiny 1.2]
** [http://www.w3.org/TR/SVGMobile11/ Mobile SVG Profiles: SVG Tiny and SVG Basic 1.1]
*** [http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVGMobile-20030114/ Mobile SVG Profiles: SVG Tiny and SVG Basic 1.1] (2003-01-14, W3C Recommendation)

== Examples ==

The following is an example of a simple SVG file:

<code>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
<circle cx="100" cy="50" r="40" stroke="black" stroke-width="2" fill="red" />
</svg>
</code>

== Software ==
* [https://inkscape.org/en/ Inkscape]
* [https://github.com/pramodhkp/pdf2svg/ pdf2svg (in JavaScript)]
* Most modern web browsers can display SVG files.
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/svg2png svg2png] - simple command line that converts SVG to JPG/PNG/BMP/PNM

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/svg}}

== External links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Scalable Vector Graphics]]
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ W3C SVG Working Group]
* [http://www.w3.org/standards/techs/svg SVG Current Status]
* [https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000517.shtml SVG 2 Preservation Status (Library of Congress)]

[[Category:XML based file formats]]

HEIF

2025-03-01T17:18:47Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|heic}}, {{ext|heif}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/heic}}, {{mimetype|image/heif}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/1101}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q24907733}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000525}}, {{LoCFDD|fdd000526}}
|released=2017
}}
'''HEIF''' (High Efficiency Image File Format) is the lossy image and animation format defined by [[MPEG-H]] Part 12 (ISO/IEC 23008-12). It is based on [[ISO Base Media File Format|ISO-BMFF]], and supports arbitrary colorspaces, codecs, and compositing of images, with [[HEVC]], [[H.264|AVC]], and [[JPEG]] being defined in the initial spec. HEIC is a container format for HEIF images.

== Format details ==
The standard defines:
* A still image ("image collection") container format, with brand <code>mif1</code>.
* An animated image ("image sequence") container format, with brand <code>msf1</code>.
* An image compression scheme, with brand <code>heic</code>, based on [[HEVC]].
* Various other compression schemes, including [[H.264|AVC]] and [[JPEG]].
* Compositing and layering of multiple images, including transparency.

The file extension '''.heic''' typically denotes single still images using [[HEVC]] in 8- or 10-bit. '''.heif''' may include any of the wider features.

The "HEIC" variation is used by some versions of Apple's iOS, when "High Efficiency" is selected as the storage option. (The alternative, "Most Compatible", uses [[JPEG]].)

== Identifiers ==
Based on source code and sample files, it usually uses the [[Boxes/atoms format#Brands|brands]] <code>mif1</code> and <code>heic</code>. Some files may use other brands, such as <code>msf1</code> and <code>heix</code>.

== See also ==
* [[AVIF]]
* [[HEVC]]
* [[MIAF]]
* [[BPG]]

== Software ==
* [http://snisurset.net/code/abydos/ abydos]
* [https://www.copytrans.net/copytransheic/ CopyTrans HEIC]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/avif2png avif2png] - simple command line converter
* [https://xelitan.com/convert-avif-heic-to-jpg AVIF/HEIC converter] - free, on-line converter for AVIF and HEIC images, no ads, no registration

== Libraries ==
* [https://github.com/nokiatech/heif Nokia Technologies HEIF Reader/Writer Engine]
* [https://github.com/strukturag/libheif libheif]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/AVIF-and-HEIC-for-Delphi-Lazarus Unit for Delphi/Free Pascal/Lazarus] - reads and writes AVIF and HEIC images

== Sample files ==
* Some of the links in [https://newsgroup.xnview.com/viewtopic.php?f=60&t=32568#p129428 this forum post] might still work
* [https://github.com/thorsted/digicam_corpus/tree/master/Apple/iPhone%20XR iPhone XR sample images]
* {{DexvertSamples|image/heic}}
* https://nokiatech.github.io/heif/examples.html

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: High Efficiency Image File Format]]
* [http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-h/image-file-format HEIF information from the MPEG website]
* [https://www.howtogeek.com/345314/what-is-the-heif-or-heic-image-format/ What is the HEIF (or HEIC) Image Format?]
* [https://nokiatech.github.io/heif/ HEIF information from Nokia Technologies]
* [https://www.iso.org/standard/66067.html ISO/IEC 23008-12] (not free to download)
* [https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-ios-boosts-heif-photos-over-jpeg-wwdc/ How Apple is squeezing more photos into your iPhone]
* [https://madfileformatscience.garymcgath.com/2020/05/22/apple-heic-vs-students/ Apple HEIC vs. students]

See also [[MPEG-H#Links]].

[[Category:MPEG]]
[[Category:Nokia]]
[[Category:Box file format]]

AVIF

2025-03-01T17:18:25Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|avif}}, {{ext|avifs}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/avif}}, {{mimetype|image/avif-sequence}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q59913607}}
|released=2018 (draft), 2019 (v1.0.0)
}}
[[AVIF]] (AV1 Image File Format) is an image and animation file format, an extension of [[HEIF]] allowing images encoded with [[AV1]]. Most files will only have AV1-encoded images, but a mixture of different encodings is allowed. Early draft versions were named ''AV1 Still Image File Format''.

== Identification ==
The [[Boxes/atoms format#Brands|brands]] "<code>avif</code>" and either "<code>MA1B</code>" or "<code>MA1A</code>" are present.

== Specifications ==
* [https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif/ AV1 Image File Format (AVIF)]
** [https://github.com/AOMediaCodec Related GitHub projects]

== Software ==
* [http://snisurset.net/code/abydos/ abydos]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/avif2png avif2png] - simple command line converter
* [https://xelitan.com/convert-avif-heic-to-jpg AVIF/HEIC converter] - free, on-line converter for AVIF and HEIC images, no ads, no registration

== Libraries ==
* [https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif libavif]
* [https://github.com/strukturag/libheif libheif] - supports HEIC and AVIF
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/AVIF-and-HEIC-for-Delphi-Lazarus Unit for Delphi/Free Pascal/Lazarus] - reads and writes AVIF and HEIC images

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/avif}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: AV1#AV1 Image File Format (AVIF)]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUkRlfkv2D8 AVIF Creating a new Image Format in the Open] by Jon Bauman.

[[Category:Box file format]]

TIFF

2025-03-01T17:16:33Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|thiscat=TIFF
|extensions={{ext|tif}}, {{ext|tiff}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/tiff}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000022}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/353}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q215106}}
|released=1986
}}
'''TIFF''', formerly known as '''Tag(ged) Image File Format''', is an image format capable of storing multiple high quality images in a single file.

== Discussion ==
A TIFF image may be uncompressed or use a compression scheme internally. Two of the most widely used compression schemes in TIFF files are lossless, including [[LZW]] and, for bitonal images [[CCITT Group 4]], as used for facsimile transmission [fax]. [[JPEG]] baseline DCT-based lossy compression is also used.

Several subtypes and extensions of [[TIFF]] exist, including [[TIFF/EP]], [[TIFF/IT]], [[DNG]], [[GeoTIFF]], [[TIFF-FX]], and [[BigTIFF]]. Multi-image TIFFs may represent sequences of images (such as scanned pages of a document), image tiles, or different versions of the same image, for example Pyramid TIFFs that incorporate images at different resolutions (often tiled). Some software that can read and display a TIFF file may only open the primary image.

TI/A (formerly TIFF/A) is a proposed archival standard based on TIFF (but no longer using its name due to objections by Adobe, which owns the rights to the name TIFF) which is in progress of development.

== Format details ==
=== Compression ===
Tag 259 indicates the image compression scheme, as a coded integer. Some of the known compression schemes are listed below. Some of these are not used in genuine TIFF files, but only in other TIFF-like formats.

{| class="wikitable"
! Code
! Compression scheme
|-
|1 || uncompressed
|-
|2 || CCITTRLE. 1-dimensional [[CCITT Group 3]]. Essentially the same as code 3, but with different settings. There are no end-of-line markers, and each row is aligned on a byte boundary. See this [http://www.fileformat.info/mirror/egff/ch09_05.htm#CH09-DMYID.1.2 description] from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]].
|-
|3 || 1- or 2-dimensional [[CCITT Group 3]], depending on the value of T4Options bit 0.
|-
|4 || [[CCITT Group 4]]
|-
|5 || [[LZW]]
|-
|6 || "Old style" [[JPEG]]
|-
|7 || "New style" [[JPEG]]
|-
|8 || [[DEFLATE]] ([[zlib]] format)
|-
|9, 10 || [[JBIG]] (refer to [[TIFF-FX]])
|-
|32766 || [[NeXT 2-bit RLE]]
|-
|32767 || (Used by [[Sony ARW]].)
|-
|32769 || Packed RAW / NIKON_PACK (Used by [[Epson ERF]].)
|-
|32770 || (Used by [[Samsung SRW]].)
|-
|32771 || CCITTRLEW. Same as code 2, except that rows are aligned on a 2-byte boundary.
|-
|32773 || [[PackBits]]
|-
|32809 || [[ThunderScan compression]]
|-
|32867 || Kodak KDC (unconfirmed)
|-
|32895, 32896, 32897, 32898 || IT8CTPAD, IT8LW, IT8MP, IT8BL (refer to [[TIFF/IT]])
|-
|32908 || PIXARFILM. Pixar 10-bit LZW
|-
|32909 || PIXARLOG. Pixar companded 11-bit ZIP
|-
|32946 || [[DEFLATE]] (same as code 8)
|-
|32947 || (Used by [[Kodak]] DCS.)
|-
|33003, 33005 || (Used by [[Aperio SVS]].)
|-
|34661 || [[JBIG]]
|-
|34676 || SGILOG. 32-bit SGI Log Luminance RLE
|-
|34677 || SGILOG24. 24-bit SGI Log Luminance packed
|-
|34692 || (Used by [[LuraDocument Format]].)
|-
|34712 || [[JPEG 2000]]
|-
|34713 || (Used by [[Nikon]] NEF.)
|-
|34715 || [[JBIG2]] ([[TIFF-FX]] extension)
|-
|34718, 34719, 34720 || (Used by [[MDI]].)
|-
|34887 || [[LERC]]
|-
|34892 || Lossy JPEG (refer to [[DNG]])
|-
|34925 || [[LZMA2]]
|}

Unregistered/private/rogue compression codes:
{| class="wikitable"
! Code
! Compression scheme
|-
|99 || JPEG (Used by [[Leaf MOS]].)
|-
|103 || [[IMPACJ]]
|-
|262 || Kodak 262 (unconfirmed)
|-
|50000 || [[Zstandard]]
|-
|50001 || [[WebP]]
|-
|50002 || [[JPEG XL]]
|-
|65000 || (Used by [[Kodak]] DCR.)
|-
|65535 || (Used by [[Pentax PEF]].)
|}

=== Color types ===
Tag 262 indicates the color type ("photometric interpretation") of the image, as a coded integer. Some of the known color types are listed below.

{| class="wikitable"
! Code
! Color type
|-
|0 || Grayscale or bi-level, white is 0
|-
|1 || Grayscale or bi-level, black is 0
|-
|2 || RGB
|-
|3 || Palette color
|-
|5 || CMYK
|-
|6 || YCbCr
|-
|8 || CIE L*a*b*
|-
|9 || ICC L*a*b*
|-
|10 || ITU L*a*b* (refer to [[TIFF-FX]])
|-
|32803 || CFA (refer to [[DNG]])
|-
|32844 || CIE Log2(L)
|-
|32845 || CIE Log2(L) (u',v')
|-
|34892 || LinearRaw (refer to [[DNG]])
|}

== Identification ==
TIFF files begin with bytes <code>4D 4D 00 2A</code> (big-[[Endianness|endian]]), or <code>49 49 2A 00</code> (little-endian).

This does not account for [[BigTIFF]] format, which you may or may not consider to be a kind of TIFF.

=== File signatures ===
Some TIFF-like formats use a different file signature (the first few bytes of the file) to help identify them. Some of the known signatures are listed here.

(For formats lacking a public specification, this table may include a hypothetical signature for a byte order that has not been observed.)

{| class="wikitable"
! Big-endian signature
! Little-endian signature
! Format
|-
|<code>4d 4d 00 2a</code> || <code>49 49 2a 00</code> || TIFF
|-
|<code>4d 4d 00 2b</code> || <code>49 49 2b 00</code> || [[BigTIFF]]
|-
|<code>4d 4d 00 55</code> || <code>49 49 55 00</code> || [[Panasonic RAW/RW2]]
|-
| || <code>49 49 bc 01</code> || [[JPEG XR]]
|-
| || <code>49 49 4e 31</code> || [[NIFF (Navy Image File Format)]]
|-
|<code>4d 4d 43 52</code> || <code>49 49 52 43</code> || [[DNG camera profile]]
|-
|<code>4d 4d 4f 52</code> || <code>49 49 52 4f</code> || [[Olympus ORF]]
|-
|<code>4d 4d 53 52</code> || <code>49 49 52 53</code> || [[Olympus ORF]]
|-
| || <code>45 50 2a 00</code> || [[MDI]]
|}

Non-TIFF formats that could be mistaken for TIFF include:
* [[3DS]]
* [[Picture Publisher]]

== Related formats ==

See also [[:Category:TIFF]].

* Tag 700 contains [[XMP]] data.
* Tag 32932 contains [[TIFF annotation data]].
* Tag 33723 contains [[IPTC-IIM]] data.
* Tag 34152 is for [[AFCP]].
* Tag 34377 contains [[Photoshop Image Resources]].
* Tags 34665 (Exif IFD), 34853 (GPS IFD), and 40965 (Interoperability IFD) point to [[Exif]] directories.
* Tag 34675 contains an [[ICC profile]].
* Tag 37680: See [[OLE Property Set]].
* Tag 37724 (ImageSourceData) contains (after a 36-byte signature) a "series of tagged blocks", as described in the Photoshop [[PSD]] specification and the ''Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Notes'' document. In some TIFF files, this data has been observed to use little-endian byte order, with block signatures of "MIB8" instead of the usual "8BIM".
* Tag 50933 (ExtraCameraProfiles) points to [[DNG camera profile|DNG camera profiles]].
* [[Cameras and Digital Image Sensors|Raw camera formats]] are often based on TIFF.

== Specifications ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240105065600/https://developer.adobe.com/content/dam/udp/en/open/standards/tiff/TIFF6.pdf TIFF, Revision 6.0 (archived)] (1992-06-03)
* TIFF Revision 5.0 (1988-08-08): [http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff5.html HTML], [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/TIFF-5.txt Text], [https://web.archive.org/web/20040906203648/http://myfileformats.com/files/TIFF_50.ZIP TIFF_50.DOC]
* Tag Image File Format Rev 4.0 (1987-04-31): [http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff4.html HTML], [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/TIFF-4.txt Text]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150906224809/http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFPM6.pdf Adobe PageMaker 6.0 TIFF Technical Notes (archived)] (1995-09-14)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150907180418/http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFphotoshop.pdf Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Notes (archived)] (2002-03-22) - Defines tag 37724, compression types 7 and 8, photometric interpretation types 8 and 9
* [http://chriscox.org/TIFFTN3d1.pdf Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Note 3] (2005-04-08)
* [http://www.digitalmeetsculture.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/EASY-INNOVA-4.-TIFF-A-Standard-Proposal.pdf TIFF/A draft specification] (2015-02)

=== Metadata tags ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240408220931/https://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/tifftags.html AWare Systems TIFF Tag Reference (archived)]
* http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/TIFF_Metadata_Final.pdf
* http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/content/tiff_tags.shtml

== Metaformat files ==

* [https://www.synalysis.net/Grammars/tiff.grammar Synalysis grammar file] (for Hexinator / Synalize It!; [[Synalysis grammar file|more details]])
* [http://andreas-romeyke.de/okteta_tiff_HEAD.tar.gz Okteta structure file] (for Okteta; [[Okteta grammar file|more details]])
* [http://andreas-romeyke.de/kaitai_struct_formats_HEAD.tar.gz Kaitai grammar file] (for [[Kaitai_Struct|Kaitai]]; own implementation for TIFF)
* [https://www.sweetscape.com/010editor/repository/files/TIF.bt 010 Binary Template] [https://www.sweetscape.com/010editor/ 010 Editor Information]

== Software ==
Most multi-format image viewers and editors support TIFF to some extent. Applications listed here have been selected arbitrarily.
* [[Konvertor]]
* [https://github.com/GPHemsley/tiff-js TIFF.js]
* [[XnView]]
* [http://www.irfanview.com/ IrfanView]
* [http://andreas-romeyke.de/software.html#_fixit_tiff fixit_tiff (repairs TIFF files, example: broken datetime, wrong tag order and many more errors, also archeological tools included)]
* [http://andreas-romeyke.de/software.html#_checkit_tiff checkit_tiff (validates baseline TIFFs against textual rules, incredible fast and very deep analysis)]
* [https://archive.org/details/tucows_356166_AsTiffTagViewer AsTiffTagViewer] - shows TIFF tags, handy tool for analysis
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/tif2png tif2png] - simple command line converter

== Libraries ==
* {{Libtiff}}
* [https://github.com/jkriege2/TinyTIFF TinyTIFF] - simple C/C++ library to read some TIFF files
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/TIFF-for-Delphi-Lazarus-Free-Pascal Library for Delphi/Lazarus/Free Pascal] - open source library

== Sample files ==
* http://www.fileformat.info/format/tiff/sample/index.htm
* {{Libtiff|images.html|TIFF Test Images }}
* http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/data/tif/tif.html
* https://github.com/openplanets/format-corpus/tree/master/tiff-examples
* https://code.google.com/p/imagetestsuite/wiki/TIFFTestSuite
* [https://github.com/openpreserve/format-corpus/tree/master/tiff-examples/old-style-jpeg-compression TIFF with old-style JPEG compression]
* {{DexvertSamples|image/tiff}}

== External links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Tagged Image File Format|Wikipedia article]]
* {{EGFF|tiff|TIFF File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/tiff/index.html Adobe Developer Resources for TIFF]
* [https://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/ Adobe Photoshop File Formats Specification] from October 2013
* [https://bytebucket.org/jhove2/main/wiki/documents/JHOVE2-TIFF-module-spec-2-0-0.pdf JHOVE2 TIFF Module Specification 2.0.0] (useful TIFF information)
* [https://twitter.com/angealbertini/status/532274856151109632/photo/1 TIFF chart]
* [http://wiki.dpconline.org/images/f/f3/TIFF_Assessment_v1.2_external.pdf TIFF Format Preservation Assessment (British Library)]
* [https://github.com/friesey/preservation-tools/releases/tag/v0.3_TiffAnalysis_alpha TIFF Analysis 3rd Release]
* [http://ti-a.org/ TI/A Standard Initiative]
* [http://openpreservation.org/blog/2017/04/09/using-exiftool-to-address-tag-out-of-sequence-errors-in-images-and-a-101-level-dive-into-tags/ Using EXIFTool to address “Tag out of sequence” errors in images (and a 101 level dive into tags)]
* [https://github.com/corkami/pics/blob/master/binary/TIFF_LE.png Graphic documenting format (LE)]
* [https://github.com/corkami/pics/blob/master/binary/TIFF_BE.png Graphic documenting format (BE)]

[[Category:Adobe]]
[[Category:Aldus]]

Cameras and Digital Image Sensors

2025-03-01T17:00:04Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000241}}
|image=Old-camera-1352392502n6P.jpg
}}
Specialized formats (mainly raw image formats) used by digital cameras and scanners

''See also:''
* [[Graphics]]
* [[Scientific Data formats]] - Telescope, microscope, and other formats
* [[Geospatial]]
* [[Health and Medicine]] - Medical imaging

== Raw image formats ==
(Minimally-processed data from digital image sensors, usually digital cameras)

* [[Arriflex D-20]]: .ari
* [[BAY]] (Casio)
* [[Camera Image File Format]] (CIFF) as used by Canon: .crw
* [[Canon RAW 2]]: .cr2
* [[Canon RAW 3]]: .cr3
* [[Casio CAM]]: .cam
* [[CHDK raw]]: (Older-style CHDK RAW files)
* [[DNG]] (Digital Negative): .dng (Adobe)
* [[Epson ERF]]
* [[Fujifilm RAF]]
* [[GoPro GPR]]
* [[Hasselblad 3FR]]
* [[HDRiRAW]]
* [[Imacon 3F]]: .fff
* [[Kodak]]: .dcs, .dcr, .drf, .k25, .kdc
* [[Leaf MOS]]
* [[Leica]]: .raw, .rw2, .dng
* [[Logitech]]: .pxn
* [[Lytro]]: .lfp
* [[Mamiya MEF]]
* [[Minolta MDC (Minolta RD-175)]]
* [[Minolta MRW]]
* [[Mitsubishi DJ-1000]]: .dat
* [[Nikon]]: .nef, .nrw, .ndf
* [[Nokia digital pictures]]: .nrw
* [[Olympus ORF]]
* [[Panasonic RAW/RW2]]: .raw, .rw2
* [[Pentax PEF]]
* Phase One
** [[IIQ]] Raw
** [[Enhanced Image Package]] (.eip)
** [[Phase One RAW]] (.cap)
** [[CaptureOne Cache]] (.cof, .cop, .cos)
* [[Porst]]
* [[Rawzor]]: .rwz
* [[RED digital pictures]]: .r3d
* [[Rollei RDC]]: .rdc
* [[Samsung SRW]]
* [[Sony ARW]]
* [[Sony SRF]]
* [[Sony SR2]] ({{PRONOM|fmt/1126}})
* [[TIFF/EP]] (ISO 12234-2)
* [[X3F]] (Sigma / Foveon)

== Other formats ==

* [[AAE sidecar format]] - Adjustment data
* [[Canon EOS C300 Custom Picture Profile]] (CPF) - Camera settings
* [[Canon XF-AVC]] (video)
* [[DCF]]
* [[DNG camera profile]]
* [[FPF (FLIR)]]
* [[J6I]] - Ricoh Digital Camera image file
* [[PCO B16]] - Image format used by PCO software
* [[PSF (PhotoStudio)]] - Image format used by Canon software
* [[Sony Mavica 411]] - Thumbnail image
* [[ZoomBrowser Ex thumbnail cache]]

== Software ==
Most of the software listed here is based on dcraw.

* [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/ dcraw]
** [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/#others dcraw's list of other raw photo decoders]
* [[Konvertor]]
* [http://ufraw.sourceforge.net/ UFRaw]
* [[Netpbm]]: cameratopam
* [[XnView]]
* [http://rawtherapee.com/ RawTherapee]
* [http://rawstudio.org/ Rawstudio]
* [https://www.darktable.org/ darktable]
* [http://rawspeed.org/ RawSpeed]
* [https://exiftool.org/ ExifTool]
* [http://www.exiv2.org/ Exiv2]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/raw2png raw2png] - simple command-line converter

== Libraries ==
* [https://libopenraw.freedesktop.org/libopenraw/ libopenraw]
* [http://www.libraw.org/ LibRaw]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/LibRAW-for-Delphi-Lazarus-Free-Pascal Library for Delphi/Lazarus/Free Pascal] - based on libraw

== Sample files ==
* [http://www.rawsamples.ch/index.php/en/ Raw Samples: sample files from many digital camera formats]
* https://github.com/drewnoakes/metadata-extractor-images
* http://rawtherapee.com/shared/test_images/

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Raw image format|Wikipedia: Raw image format]]
* [http://lewiscollard.com/cameras/hdr-sucks/ HDR is stupid and it sucks]
* [http://opensource.samsung.com/ Samsung source code (including for their digital cameras)]
* [http://teacherdudebbq.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/riot-photographers-decalogue.html How to photograph riots]
* [http://imgur.com/gallery/Kl0nI World's first digital camera (1975)]
* [http://www.openraw.org/ OpenRAW] - A mostly-defunct initiative to lobby for the documentation of RAW formats
** [http://www.openraw.org/info/index.html The RAW Problem]
* [http://www.dpconline.org/blog/personal-digital-preservation-richard-wright Personal Digital Preservation: Photographs and Video]

FLIF

2025-03-01T16:59:10Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|flif}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/872}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q21104579}}
|released=2016
}}
[[FLIF]] (Free Lossless Image Format) is a compressed image file format. Images can be compressed losslessly or lossy.

It uses a compression algorithm called [[MANIAC]] (Meta-Adaptive Near-zero Integer Arithmetic Coding), which is a form of [[arithmetic coding]].

== History ==
FLIF was first announced in 2015, and the first stable version (named '''FLIF16''') was released in 2016. Note that FLIF files or software created before about 2016-08 are likely to be incompatible with the current FLIF format. The creator, Jon Sneyers, later created another graphic format, [[FUIF]], designed for responsive web design.

== Identification ==
FLIF files begin with ASCII "{{magic|FLIF}}".

The byte at offset 4 is one of the characters from the ASCII string "<code>134ACDQSTacd</code>".

The byte at offset 5 is one of the characters from the ASCII string "<code>012</code>".

== Specifications ==
* [http://flif.info/spec.html FLIF16 Specification]

== Software ==
* [https://github.com/FLIF-hub/FLIF FLIF reference software]
* [[Tom's Editor]]
* [http://snisurset.net/code/abydos/ abydos]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/flif2png flif2png] - command line converter FLIF to PNG/PNM/BMP/JPG

== Libraries ==
* [https://github.com/FLIF-hub/FLIF FLIF reference software]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/FLIF-for-Delphi-Lazarus Library for Delphi/Lazarus/Free Pascal] - open source library

== Sample files ==
* https://github.com/sveinbjornt/Phew/tree/master/sample-images → *.flif
* https://github.com/SaschaNaz/libflif.js/tree/master/sample → *.flif
* {{DexvertSamples|image/flif}}

== Links ==
* [http://flif.info/ FLIF website]
* [[Wikipedia: Free Lossless Image Format]]
* [https://boards.openpandora.org/topic/18485-free-lossless-image-format-flif/ Some technical info]
* [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10317790 More discussion]
* [http://thepracticaldev.com/ben/interview-with-flif-creator-jon-sneyers Interview with FLIF creator]

Cameras and Digital Image Sensors

2025-03-01T16:57:17Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000241}}
|image=Old-camera-1352392502n6P.jpg
}}
Specialized formats (mainly raw image formats) used by digital cameras and scanners

''See also:''
* [[Graphics]]
* [[Scientific Data formats]] - Telescope, microscope, and other formats
* [[Geospatial]]
* [[Health and Medicine]] - Medical imaging

== Raw image formats ==
(Minimally-processed data from digital image sensors, usually digital cameras)

* [[Arriflex D-20]]: .ari
* [[BAY]] (Casio)
* [[Camera Image File Format]] (CIFF) as used by Canon: .crw
* [[Canon RAW 2]]: .cr2
* [[Canon RAW 3]]: .cr3
* [[Casio CAM]]: .cam
* [[CHDK raw]]: (Older-style CHDK RAW files)
* [[DNG]] (Digital Negative): .dng (Adobe)
* [[Epson ERF]]
* [[Fujifilm RAF]]
* [[GoPro GPR]]
* [[Hasselblad 3FR]]
* [[HDRiRAW]]
* [[Imacon 3F]]: .fff
* [[Kodak]]: .dcs, .dcr, .drf, .k25, .kdc
* [[Leaf MOS]]
* [[Leica]]: .raw, .rw2, .dng
* [[Logitech]]: .pxn
* [[Lytro]]: .lfp
* [[Mamiya MEF]]
* [[Minolta MDC (Minolta RD-175)]]
* [[Minolta MRW]]
* [[Mitsubishi DJ-1000]]: .dat
* [[Nikon]]: .nef, .nrw, .ndf
* [[Nokia digital pictures]]: .nrw
* [[Olympus ORF]]
* [[Panasonic RAW/RW2]]: .raw, .rw2
* [[Pentax PEF]]
* Phase One
** [[IIQ]] Raw
** [[Enhanced Image Package]] (.eip)
** [[Phase One RAW]] (.cap)
** [[CaptureOne Cache]] (.cof, .cop, .cos)
* [[Porst]]
* [[Rawzor]]: .rwz
* [[RED digital pictures]]: .r3d
* [[Rollei RDC]]: .rdc
* [[Samsung SRW]]
* [[Sony ARW]]
* [[Sony SRF]]
* [[Sony SR2]] ({{PRONOM|fmt/1126}})
* [[TIFF/EP]] (ISO 12234-2)
* [[X3F]] (Sigma / Foveon)

== Other formats ==

* [[AAE sidecar format]] - Adjustment data
* [[Canon EOS C300 Custom Picture Profile]] (CPF) - Camera settings
* [[Canon XF-AVC]] (video)
* [[DCF]]
* [[DNG camera profile]]
* [[FPF (FLIR)]]
* [[J6I]] - Ricoh Digital Camera image file
* [[PCO B16]] - Image format used by PCO software
* [[PSF (PhotoStudio)]] - Image format used by Canon software
* [[Sony Mavica 411]] - Thumbnail image
* [[ZoomBrowser Ex thumbnail cache]]

== Software ==
Most of the software listed here is based on dcraw.

* [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/ dcraw]
** [http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/#others dcraw's list of other raw photo decoders]
* [[Konvertor]]
* [http://ufraw.sourceforge.net/ UFRaw]
* [[Netpbm]]: cameratopam
* [[XnView]]
* [http://rawtherapee.com/ RawTherapee]
* [http://rawstudio.org/ Rawstudio]
* [https://www.darktable.org/ darktable]
* [http://rawspeed.org/ RawSpeed]
* [https://exiftool.org/ ExifTool]
* [http://www.exiv2.org/ Exiv2]

== Libraries ==
* [https://libopenraw.freedesktop.org/libopenraw/ libopenraw]
* [http://www.libraw.org/ LibRaw]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/LibRAW-for-Delphi-Lazarus-Free-Pascal Library for Delphi/Lazarus/Free Pascal] - based on libraw

== Sample files ==
* [http://www.rawsamples.ch/index.php/en/ Raw Samples: sample files from many digital camera formats]
* https://github.com/drewnoakes/metadata-extractor-images
* http://rawtherapee.com/shared/test_images/

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Raw image format|Wikipedia: Raw image format]]
* [http://lewiscollard.com/cameras/hdr-sucks/ HDR is stupid and it sucks]
* [http://opensource.samsung.com/ Samsung source code (including for their digital cameras)]
* [http://teacherdudebbq.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/riot-photographers-decalogue.html How to photograph riots]
* [http://imgur.com/gallery/Kl0nI World's first digital camera (1975)]
* [http://www.openraw.org/ OpenRAW] - A mostly-defunct initiative to lobby for the documentation of RAW formats
** [http://www.openraw.org/info/index.html The RAW Problem]
* [http://www.dpconline.org/blog/personal-digital-preservation-richard-wright Personal Digital Preservation: Photographs and Video]

WebP

2025-03-01T16:39:33Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|webp}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/webp}} (unregistered)
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/566}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/567}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/568}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q62617958}}
|released=2010
}}
'''WebP''' is an image file format developed by Google, primarily intended for use on web pages.

It can use either lossy or lossless compression. Its lossy compression is based on portions of the [[VP8]] video compression format.

It uses the [[RIFF]] container format.

See also [[WebP 2]].

== Identification ==
Files begin with bytes {{magic|'R' 'I' 'F' 'F' ?? ?? ?? ?? 'W' 'E' 'B' 'P'}}.

== Software ==
* [[Konvertor]]
* [https://www.google.com/chrome/ Google Chrome] can display WebP images
* [[ImageMagick]]
* [http://snisurset.net/code/abydos/ abydos]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/webp2png webp2png] - simple command line converter to PNG, BMP, JPG, PNM

==Libraries==
* libwebp: [https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/download download] · [http://www.webmproject.org/code/#webp-repositories development]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/WEBP-for-Delphi-Lazarus Library for Delphi/Lazarus/Free Pascal] - open source library to read/write WEBP

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/webp}}

== Links ==
* [https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/ Google's WebP page]
* [[Wikipedia:WebP|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://xooyoozoo.github.io/yolo-octo-bugfixes/ Online demonstrator] - shows quality differences between similarly-sized images in [[JPEG]], [[JP2]], [[WebP]] and [[BPG]] formats
* [https://medium.com/@duhroach/how-webp-works-lossly-mode-33bd2b1d0670 How WebP works (lossly mode)]

[[Category:RIFF based file formats]]
[[Category:Google]]

HEIF

2025-03-01T14:48:03Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|heic}}, {{ext|heif}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/heic}}, {{mimetype|image/heif}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/1101}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q24907733}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000525}}, {{LoCFDD|fdd000526}}
|released=2017
}}
'''HEIF''' (High Efficiency Image File Format) is the lossy image and animation format defined by [[MPEG-H]] Part 12 (ISO/IEC 23008-12). It is based on [[ISO Base Media File Format|ISO-BMFF]], and supports arbitrary colorspaces, codecs, and compositing of images, with [[HEVC]], [[H.264|AVC]], and [[JPEG]] being defined in the initial spec. HEIC is a container format for HEIF images.

== Format details ==
The standard defines:
* A still image ("image collection") container format, with brand <code>mif1</code>.
* An animated image ("image sequence") container format, with brand <code>msf1</code>.
* An image compression scheme, with brand <code>heic</code>, based on [[HEVC]].
* Various other compression schemes, including [[H.264|AVC]] and [[JPEG]].
* Compositing and layering of multiple images, including transparency.

The file extension '''.heic''' typically denotes single still images using [[HEVC]] in 8- or 10-bit. '''.heif''' may include any of the wider features.

The "HEIC" variation is used by some versions of Apple's iOS, when "High Efficiency" is selected as the storage option. (The alternative, "Most Compatible", uses [[JPEG]].)

== Identifiers ==
Based on source code and sample files, it usually uses the [[Boxes/atoms format#Brands|brands]] <code>mif1</code> and <code>heic</code>. Some files may use other brands, such as <code>msf1</code> and <code>heix</code>.

== See also ==
* [[AVIF]]
* [[HEVC]]
* [[MIAF]]
* [[BPG]]

== Software ==
* [http://snisurset.net/code/abydos/ abydos]
* [https://www.copytrans.net/copytransheic/ CopyTrans HEIC]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/avif2png avif2png] - simple command line converter

== Libraries ==
* [https://github.com/nokiatech/heif Nokia Technologies HEIF Reader/Writer Engine]
* [https://github.com/strukturag/libheif libheif]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/AVIF-and-HEIC-for-Delphi-Lazarus Unit for Delphi/Free Pascal/Lazarus] - reads and writes AVIF and HEIC images

== Sample files ==
* Some of the links in [https://newsgroup.xnview.com/viewtopic.php?f=60&t=32568#p129428 this forum post] might still work
* [https://github.com/thorsted/digicam_corpus/tree/master/Apple/iPhone%20XR iPhone XR sample images]
* {{DexvertSamples|image/heic}}
* https://nokiatech.github.io/heif/examples.html

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: High Efficiency Image File Format]]
* [http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-h/image-file-format HEIF information from the MPEG website]
* [https://www.howtogeek.com/345314/what-is-the-heif-or-heic-image-format/ What is the HEIF (or HEIC) Image Format?]
* [https://nokiatech.github.io/heif/ HEIF information from Nokia Technologies]
* [https://www.iso.org/standard/66067.html ISO/IEC 23008-12] (not free to download)
* [https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-ios-boosts-heif-photos-over-jpeg-wwdc/ How Apple is squeezing more photos into your iPhone]
* [https://madfileformatscience.garymcgath.com/2020/05/22/apple-heic-vs-students/ Apple HEIC vs. students]

See also [[MPEG-H#Links]].

[[Category:MPEG]]
[[Category:Nokia]]
[[Category:Box file format]]

AVIF

2025-03-01T14:45:56Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|avif}}, {{ext|avifs}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/avif}}, {{mimetype|image/avif-sequence}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q59913607}}
|released=2018 (draft), 2019 (v1.0.0)
}}
[[AVIF]] (AV1 Image File Format) is an image and animation file format, an extension of [[HEIF]] allowing images encoded with [[AV1]]. Most files will only have AV1-encoded images, but a mixture of different encodings is allowed. Early draft versions were named ''AV1 Still Image File Format''.

== Identification ==
The [[Boxes/atoms format#Brands|brands]] "<code>avif</code>" and either "<code>MA1B</code>" or "<code>MA1A</code>" are present.

== Specifications ==
* [https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif/ AV1 Image File Format (AVIF)]
** [https://github.com/AOMediaCodec Related GitHub projects]

== Software ==
* [http://snisurset.net/code/abydos/ abydos]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/avif2png avif2png] - simple command line converter

== Libraries ==
* [https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif libavif]
* [https://github.com/strukturag/libheif libheif] - supports HEIC and AVIF
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/AVIF-and-HEIC-for-Delphi-Lazarus Unit for Delphi/Free Pascal/Lazarus] - reads and writes AVIF and HEIC images

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/avif}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: AV1#AV1 Image File Format (AVIF)]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUkRlfkv2D8 AVIF Creating a new Image Format in the Open] by Jon Bauman.

[[Category:Box file format]]

AVIF

2025-03-01T14:44:36Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|avif}}, {{ext|avifs}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/avif}}, {{mimetype|image/avif-sequence}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q59913607}}
|released=2018 (draft), 2019 (v1.0.0)
}}
[[AVIF]] (AV1 Image File Format) is an image and animation file format, an extension of [[HEIF]] allowing images encoded with [[AV1]]. Most files will only have AV1-encoded images, but a mixture of different encodings is allowed. Early draft versions were named ''AV1 Still Image File Format''.

== Identification ==
The [[Boxes/atoms format#Brands|brands]] "<code>avif</code>" and either "<code>MA1B</code>" or "<code>MA1A</code>" are present.

== Specifications ==
* [https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif/ AV1 Image File Format (AVIF)]
** [https://github.com/AOMediaCodec Related GitHub projects]

== Software ==
* [https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif libavif]
* [http://snisurset.net/code/abydos/ abydos]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/avif2png avif2png] - simple command line converter

== Libraries ==
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/AVIF-and-HEIC-for-Delphi-Lazarus Unit for Delphi/Free Pascal/Lazarus] - reads and writes AVIF and HEIC images

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/avif}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: AV1#AV1 Image File Format (AVIF)]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUkRlfkv2D8 AVIF Creating a new Image Format in the Open] by Jon Bauman.

[[Category:Box file format]]

Graphic Workshop self-displaying picture

2024-10-23T13:27:01Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|exe}}
|released=1991
}}
'''Graphic Workshop self-displaying picture''' is a family of raster graphics formats associated with the ''Graphic Workshop'' lines of image processing software from Alchemy Mindworks.

It is in the form of a [[MS-DOS EXE|DOS]] or [[New Executable|Windows 3.x EXE]] file that displays the image when executed. Quite possibly there are newer formats as well, but more research is needed.

The DOS format was introduced in Graphic Workshop 6.0.

The Windows 3.x format was introduced in Graphic Workshop for Windows 1.1h. Note that Graphic Workshop for Windows also supports the DOS format.

== Identification ==
Undetermined. For DOS EXE format, a software name like "{{magic|GraphicWorkshop 7.0}}" or "{{magic|GWS/Windows 1.1u}}" appears at offset 541.

== Software ==
* Graphic Workshop (read/write)
** {{CdTextfiles|wildcatgold/graphics/grafwk60.zip|Graphic Workshop 6.0}}
** {{CdTextfiles|pdos9606/GRAPHICS/VIEWER/GRFWK70F.ZIP|Graphic Workshop 7.0f}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel9606/WIN3/GRAPHICS/GWSWN11U.ZIP|Graphic Workshop for Windows 1.1u}}
** [https://www.mindworkshop.com/gwspro.html Graphic Workshop Professional]

In Windows versions of the format, the image may be stored as a standard BITMAP [[Windows resource|resource]], so it can be read by any suitable resource viewer software. Image is usually (always?) 320x480 with 8 bpp per pixel, uncompressed.

== Sample files ==
DOS EXE:
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/INFO/BGI20.ZIP|BGI20.ZIP}} → most EXE files
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/FINANCE/INFODSK3.ZIP|INFODSK3.ZIP}} → most EXE files
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/HEALTH/HERBAGE.ZIP|HERBAGE.ZIP}} → *.EXE
* {{CdTextfiles|cream05/utility/dmenu2.zip|dmenu2.zip}} → DALOGO.EXE
* {{CdTextfiles|sv/svplatinum/CDR06/MTRCYCLE.ZIP|MTRCYCLE.ZIP}} → README.EXE

Windows 3.x EXE:
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel9606/WIN3/GRAPHICS/GWSWN11U.ZIP|GWSWN11U.ZIP}} → gwswn11u.exe → CLICKME*.EXE

[[Category:Executable envelopes]]

Graphic Workshop self-displaying picture

2024-10-18T13:19:23Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|exe}}
|released=1991
}}
'''Graphic Workshop self-displaying picture''' is a family of raster graphics formats associated with the ''Graphic Workshop'' lines of image processing software from Alchemy Mindworks.

It is in the form of a [[MS-DOS EXE|DOS]] or [[New Executable|Windows 3.x EXE]] file that displays the image when executed. Quite possibly there are newer formats as well, but more research is needed.

The DOS format was introduced in Graphic Workshop 6.0.

The Windows 3.x format was introduced in Graphic Workshop for Windows 1.1h. Note that Graphic Workshop for Windows also supports the DOS format.

== Identification ==
Undetermined. For DOS EXE format, a software name like "{{magic|GraphicWorkshop 7.0}}" or "{{magic|GWS/Windows 1.1u}}" appears at offset 541.

== Software ==
* Graphic Workshop (read/write)
** {{CdTextfiles|wildcatgold/graphics/grafwk60.zip|Graphic Workshop 6.0}}
** {{CdTextfiles|pdos9606/GRAPHICS/VIEWER/GRFWK70F.ZIP|Graphic Workshop 7.0f}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel9606/WIN3/GRAPHICS/GWSWN11U.ZIP|Graphic Workshop for Windows 1.1u}}
** [https://www.mindworkshop.com/gwspro.html Graphic Workshop Professional]

In Windows versions of the format, the image may be stored as a standard BITMAP [[Windows resource|resource]], so it can be read by any suitable resource viewer software. Image is usually (always?) 640x480 with 4 bpp per pixel, uncompressed.

== Sample files ==
DOS EXE:
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/INFO/BGI20.ZIP|BGI20.ZIP}} → most EXE files
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/FINANCE/INFODSK3.ZIP|INFODSK3.ZIP}} → most EXE files
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/HEALTH/HERBAGE.ZIP|HERBAGE.ZIP}} → *.EXE
* {{CdTextfiles|cream05/utility/dmenu2.zip|dmenu2.zip}} → DALOGO.EXE
* {{CdTextfiles|sv/svplatinum/CDR06/MTRCYCLE.ZIP|MTRCYCLE.ZIP}} → README.EXE

Windows 3.x EXE:
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel9606/WIN3/GRAPHICS/GWSWN11U.ZIP|GWSWN11U.ZIP}} → gwswn11u.exe → CLICKME*.EXE

[[Category:Executable envelopes]]

Graphic Workshop self-displaying picture

2024-10-18T13:10:06Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|exe}}
|released=1991
}}
'''Graphic Workshop self-displaying picture''' is a family of raster graphics formats associated with the ''Graphic Workshop'' lines of image processing software from Alchemy Mindworks.

It is in the form of a [[MS-DOS EXE|DOS]] or [[New Executable|Windows 3.x EXE]] file that displays the image when executed. Quite possibly there are newer formats as well, but more research is needed.

The DOS format was introduced in Graphic Workshop 6.0.

The Windows 3.x format was introduced in Graphic Workshop for Windows 1.1h. Note that Graphic Workshop for Windows also supports the DOS format.

== Identification ==
Undetermined. For DOS EXE format, a software name like "{{magic|GraphicWorkshop 7.0}}" or "{{magic|GWS/Windows 1.1u}}" appears at offset 541.

== Software ==
* Graphic Workshop (read/write)
** {{CdTextfiles|wildcatgold/graphics/grafwk60.zip|Graphic Workshop 6.0}}
** {{CdTextfiles|pdos9606/GRAPHICS/VIEWER/GRFWK70F.ZIP|Graphic Workshop 7.0f}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel9606/WIN3/GRAPHICS/GWSWN11U.ZIP|Graphic Workshop for Windows 1.1u}}
** [https://www.mindworkshop.com/gwspro.html Graphic Workshop Professional]

In Windows versions of the format, the image may be stored as a standard BITMAP [[Windows resource|resource]], so it can be read by any suitable resource viewer software.

== Sample files ==
DOS EXE:
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/INFO/BGI20.ZIP|BGI20.ZIP}} → most EXE files
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/FINANCE/INFODSK3.ZIP|INFODSK3.ZIP}} → most EXE files
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/HEALTH/HERBAGE.ZIP|HERBAGE.ZIP}} → *.EXE
* {{CdTextfiles|cream05/utility/dmenu2.zip|dmenu2.zip}} → DALOGO.EXE
* {{CdTextfiles|sv/svplatinum/CDR06/MTRCYCLE.ZIP|MTRCYCLE.ZIP}} → README.EXE

Windows 3.x EXE:
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel9606/WIN3/GRAPHICS/GWSWN11U.ZIP|GWSWN11U.ZIP}} → gwswn11u.exe → CLICKME*.EXE

[[Category:Executable envelopes]]

Graphic Workshop self-displaying picture

2024-10-18T13:08:22Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|exe}}
|released=1991
}}
'''Graphic Workshop self-displaying picture''' is a family of raster graphics formats associated with the ''Graphic Workshop'' lines of image processing software from Alchemy Mindworks.

It is in the form of a [[MS-DOS EXE|DOS]] or [[New Executable|Windows 3.x EXE]] file that displays the image when executed. Quite possibly there are newer formats as well, but more research is needed.

The DOS format was introduced in Graphic Workshop 6.0.

The Windows 3.x format was introduced in Graphic Workshop for Windows 1.1h. Note that Graphic Workshop for Windows also supports the DOS format.

== Identification ==
Undetermined. For DOS EXE format, a software name like "{{magic|GraphicWorkshop 7.0}}" or "{{magic|GWS/Windows 1.1u}}" appears at offset 541.

Windows 3.x format is just a ZIP archive with SFX module prepended to it. It can be opened with many ZIP unpackers (7zip, WinRAR etc.). Contains images in PNG format.

== Software ==
* Graphic Workshop (read/write)
** {{CdTextfiles|wildcatgold/graphics/grafwk60.zip|Graphic Workshop 6.0}}
** {{CdTextfiles|pdos9606/GRAPHICS/VIEWER/GRFWK70F.ZIP|Graphic Workshop 7.0f}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel9606/WIN3/GRAPHICS/GWSWN11U.ZIP|Graphic Workshop for Windows 1.1u}}
** [https://www.mindworkshop.com/gwspro.html Graphic Workshop Professional]

In Windows versions of the format, the image may be stored as a standard BITMAP [[Windows resource|resource]], so it can be read by any suitable resource viewer software.

== Sample files ==
DOS EXE:
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/INFO/BGI20.ZIP|BGI20.ZIP}} → most EXE files
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/FINANCE/INFODSK3.ZIP|INFODSK3.ZIP}} → most EXE files
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/HEALTH/HERBAGE.ZIP|HERBAGE.ZIP}} → *.EXE
* {{CdTextfiles|cream05/utility/dmenu2.zip|dmenu2.zip}} → DALOGO.EXE
* {{CdTextfiles|sv/svplatinum/CDR06/MTRCYCLE.ZIP|MTRCYCLE.ZIP}} → README.EXE

Windows 3.x EXE:
* {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel9606/WIN3/GRAPHICS/GWSWN11U.ZIP|GWSWN11U.ZIP}} → gwswn11u.exe → CLICKME*.EXE

[[Category:Executable envelopes]]

FSF

2024-10-18T12:15:02Z

Tomxe: Category added

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Document
|extensions={{ext|ini}}
|released=2023
}}
'''FSF''' or File Structure Format is a format introduced by Xelitan Hex Editor. FSF files can be used as templates to interpret various binary files. Files are not compressed and use INI formatting.

=== Sample file ===
Below is an FSF template for TGA images:
<code>
[FSFormat]
IdLen=UInt8
ColorMap=UInt8
ImageType=UInt8
FirstIndex=UInt16
ColorCount=UInt16
ColorBits=UInt8
LeftCornerX=UInt16
LeftCornerY=UInt16
Width=UInt16
Height=UInt16
BytesPerPixel=UInt8
Flags=UInt8
</code>

== Data types ==
UInt8 - unsigned integer, 8 bit
Int8 - signed integer, 8 bit
UInt16 - unsigned integer, 16 bit
MInt16 - signed integer, 16 bit, Motorola byte order
Str(4) - ASCII string, 4 bytes long
UInt32|hex - unsigned integer, 32 bit, display in hex
UInt16|DosTime - unsigned integer, 16 bit, interpret as Dos Time
NulStr - ASCII string, terminated by null byte (0x00)

== Identification ==
FSF files begin with ASCII text <code>[FSFormat]</code>.

== Software ==
* [[Xelitan Hex Editor]]

== Sample files ==
* [[Xelitan Hex Editor]]

[[Category:INI based file formats]]

Xelitan Zip

2024-10-05T21:06:23Z

Tomxe:

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Compression and archiving software]]
| >
|[[Xelitan Zip]]
|}

'''Xelitan Zip''' is a compression/archiving software for Windows, which supports a large number of formats. The program is freeware and requires no installation. It can read over 300 different archive types, disk images and containers. It can also open some unknown formats ("Open anything" feature), where it tries to find known formats inside opened, unknown file. Using this feature it is, for example, possible to extract JPEG images from PDF documents, or BMP images from EXE files.
It doesn't have any native format.

== Links ==
* [https://xelitan.com/app/xelitan-zip Program website]

[[Category:Software]]
[[Category:Archiving]]
[[Category:Xelitan Zip]]

Xelitan Zip

2024-10-05T21:05:40Z

Tomxe: Created page with "{| |Software | > |Compression and archiving software | > |Xelitan ZIP |} '''Xelitan ZIP''' is a compression/archiving software for Windows, which supports a large..."

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Compression and archiving software]]
| >
|[[Xelitan ZIP]]
|}

'''Xelitan ZIP''' is a compression/archiving software for Windows, which supports a large number of formats. The program is freeware and requires no installation. It can read over 300 different archive types, disk images and containers. It can also open some unknown formats ("Open anything" feature), where it tries to find known formats inside opened, unknown file. Using this feature it is, for example, possible to extract JPEG images from PDF documents, or BMP images from EXE files.
It doesn't have any native format.

== Links ==
* [https://xelitan.com/app/xelitan-zip Program website]

[[Category:Software]]
[[Category:Archiving]]
[[Category:Xelitan ZIP]]

ZIP

2024-10-05T20:59:55Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|zip}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/zip}}
|uniform type={{UTI|com.pkware.zip-archive}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000354}}, {{LoCFDD|fdd000355}}, {{LoCFDD|fdd000362}}, {{LoCFDD|fdd000361}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/263}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q136218}}
|kaitai struct=zip
|released=1989
}}
'''ZIP''' is one of the most popular file compression/archiving formats.

== Disambiguation ==
There are many other things, related or not, whose names use the word "Zip". Only a few are listed here.

* [[Zip disk]], an unrelated disk cartridge unit
* Z-language Interpreter Program (ZIP) - See [[Z-code]].
* Zip-Archiv - See [[ZAR (Zip-Archiv)]] (an urelated format).
* "ZIP compression" can sometimes refer to [[DEFLATE]], or something based on it ([[zlib]], [[Gzip]]).

See also the [[#See also|"See also"]] section, elsewhere on this page.

== Discussion ==
ZIP was created in 1989 as the native format of the [[PKZIP]] program, which was introduced by Phil Katz (with co-creator Gary Conway) in the wake of a lawsuit (which he lost) against him by the makers of the then-popular [[ARC (compression format)|ARC]] program (and file format) for copyright and trademark infringement in an earlier program [[PKARC]] which had been file-compatible with ARC. This resulted in Katz creating a new file format, which rapidly overtook ARC in popularity (to a large extent because of BBS sysops, then the primary users of such compression, resenting the lawsuit). Many programs have been released for a variety of operating systems to compress and decompress ZIP files, and native support for the format is built into several popular operating systems.

ZIP implementations vary in their support for features in the specification from PKWARE (see "APPNOTE" in the Specifications section below), particularly features added since version 2 (1993). Many implementations limit the use of compression to the [[DEFLATE]] algorithm, introduced with version 2. Extensions incorporated into the specification that have been widely adopted include large files (using a technique known as ZIP64), and filenames in [[UTF-8]].

An interoperable subset of ZIP has been defined, and published as ''ISO/IEC 21320-1: Document Container File'' (refer to the Specifications section below). Designed to promote interoperable implementations, it prohibits various features, including compression other than [[DEFLATE]], multiple volumes, and various encryption-related features.

While .zip is the usual file extension, ZIP-formatted files can be found with many other extensions since a number of other file formats use ZIP compression but store their files in application-specific extensions. See [[:Category:ZIP based file formats]] for a list of such formats.

== Format details ==
=== Compression ===
Each file in a ZIP file is compressed using one of a number of compression algorithms. Only compression types 0 (uncompressed) and 8 (DEFLATE) are likely to be seen in modern portable ZIP files. In old ZIP files, types 1 (Shrink) and 6 (Implode) are common.

{| class="wikitable"
! Code
! Compression scheme
! Notes and references
|-
|0 || Uncompressed
|-
|1 || Shrink || [[LZW]]. Used by PKZIP 0.x and 1.x.
|-
|2–5 || Reduce || [[LZ77]] + prediction. Used by PKZIP v0.x. See also [[SCRNCH]].
|-
|6 || Implode || [[LZ77 with Huffman coding|LZ77 + Huffman]]. Used by PKZIP v1.x.
|-
|7 || Tokenized || Never used?
|-
|8 || [[DEFLATE]] || [[LZ77 with Huffman coding|LZ77 + Huffman]]. Used by PKZIP v2.0+.
|-
|9 || Deflate64, a.k.a. Enhanced Deflate || Format version 2.1+.
|-
|10 || [[PKWARE DCL Implode]] (old IBM TERSE) || Format version 2.5+.
|-
|12 || [[Bzip2]] || Format version 4.6+.
|-
|14 || [[LZMA]] (EFS) || Defined in ZIP specification v6.3+.
|-
|16 || IBM z/OS CMPSC || Defined in ZIP specification v6.3.5+.
|-
|18 || IBM [[TERSE]] (new) || Defined in ZIP specification v6.2.2+.
|-
|19 || IBM LZ77 z Architecture (PFS) || Defined in ZIP specification v6.3.5+.
|-
|93 || [[Zstandard]] || Defined in ZIP specification v6.3.8+.
|-
|94 || [[MP3]] || Defined in ZIP specification v6.3.8+. Supported by WinZip 21+.
|-
|95 || [[XZ]] || Defined in ZIP specification v6.3.8+. Supported by WinZip 18+.
|-
|96 || [[JPEG]] variant || Defined in ZIP specification v6.3.5+.
|-
|97 || [[WavPack]] || Defined in ZIP specification v6.3.2+.
|-
|98 || [[PPMd]] version I, Rev 1 || Defined in ZIP specification v6.3+.
|-
|99 || AES / AE-x encryption marker || Defined in ZIP specification v6.3.5+.
|}

=== Extensible data fields ===
Each member file of a ZIP file may have one or more ''extensible data fields'' (or ''extra fields''), containing arbitrary data. Each field is tagged with a 16-bit identifier. Extra fields are normally used for platform-specific or filesystem-specific metadata, or to work around limitations of the original ZIP format. They are not normally used for application-specific data.

Most of the extra fields in use are documented in the ZIP "APPNOTE" specification, or by the Info-ZIP software (e.g. the proginfo/extrafld.txt file in the Zip program's source distribution).

Known extensible data fields:
{| class="wikitable"
!ID !! Owner !! Description !! Reference (identification) !! Reference (details)
|-
|0x0001 || PKWARE || Zip64 extended information || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x0007 || PKWARE || AV Info || APPNOTE ||
|-
|0x0008 || PKWARE || Reserved for extended language encoding data (PFS) || APPNOTE ||
|-
|0x0009 || PKWARE || OS/2 || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x000a || PKWARE || NTFS || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x000c || PKWARE || OpenVMS || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x000d || PKWARE || UNIX || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x000e || PKWARE || Reserved for file stream and fork descriptors || APPNOTE ||
|-
|0x000f || PKWARE || Patch Descriptor || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x0014 || PKWARE || PKCS#7 Store for X.509 Certificates || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x0015 || PKWARE || X.509 Certificate ID and Signature for individual file || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x0016 || PKWARE || X.509 Certificate ID for Central Directory || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x0017 || PKWARE || Strong Encryption Header || APPNOTE || APPNOTE
|-
|0x0018 || PKWARE || Record Management Controls || APPNOTE || APPNOTE
|-
|0x0019 || PKWARE || PKCS#7 Encryption Recipient Certificate List || APPNOTE || APPNOTE
|-
|0x0020 || PKWARE || Reserved for Timestamp || APPNOTE ||
|-
|0x0021 || PKWARE || Policy Decryption Key || APPNOTE || APPNOTE
|-
|0x0022 || PKWARE || Smartcrypt Key Provider || APPNOTE || APPNOTE
|-
|0x0023 || PKWARE || Smartcrypt Policy Key Data || APPNOTE || APPNOTE
|-
|rowspan="2"|0x0065 || PKWARE || MVS / IBM S/390 (Z390) attributes - uncompressed || APPNOTE || APPNOTE
|-
|PKWARE || OS/400 / AS/400 (I400) attributes - uncompressed || APPNOTE || APPNOTE
|-
|0x0066 || PKWARE || Reserved for IBM S/390 (Z390), AS/400 (I400) attributes - compressed || APPNOTE ||
|-
|0x07c8 || || Macintosh (Info-ZIP Macintosh, old) || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x2605 || || ZipIt Macintosh || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x2705 || || ZipIt Macintosh 1.3.5+ (w/o full filename) || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x2805 || || ZipIt Macintosh 1.3.5+ || APPNOTE || APPNOTE
|-
|0x334d "<code>M3</code>" || || Info-ZIP Macintosh || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x4154 "<code>TA</code>" || || Tandem NSK || Info-ZIP || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x4341 "<code>AC</code>" || || Acorn/SparkFS || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x4453 "<code>SE</code>" || || Windows NT security descriptor (binary ACL) || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x4690 || PKWARE || POSZIP 4690 (reserved) || APPNOTE ||
|-
|0x4704 || || VM/CMS || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x470f || || MVS || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x4854 "<code>TH</code>" || || Theos (old) || Info-ZIP || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x4b46 "<code>FK</code>" || || FWKCS MD5 || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x4c41 "<code>AL</code>" || || OS/2 access control list (text ACL) || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x4d49 "<code>IM</code>" || || Info-ZIP OpenVMS || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x4d63 "<code>cM</code>" || || Macintosh SmartZIP || Info-ZIP || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x4f4c "<code>LO</code>" || || Xceed original location || APPNOTE ||
|-
|0x5350 "<code>PS</code>" || || (Observed in some Psion files.) || ||
|-
|0x5356 "<code>VS</code>" || || AOS/VS (binary ACL) || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x5455 "<code>UT</code>" || || Extended timestamp || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x554e "<code>NU</code>" || || Xceed unicode || APPNOTE ||
|-
|0x5855 "<code>UX</code>" || || Info-ZIP UNIX (original, also OS/2, NT, etc.) || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x6375 "<code>uc</code>" || || Info-ZIP Unicode Comment || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x6542 "<code>Be</code>" || || BeOS (BeBox, PowerMac, etc.) || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x6854 "<code>Th</code>" || || Theos || Info-ZIP || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x7075 "<code>up</code>" || || Info-ZIP Unicode Path || APPNOTE || APPNOTE, Info-ZIP
|-
|0x7441 "<code>At</code>" || || AtheOS || Old Info-ZIP || Old Info-ZIP (e.g. zip v2.32 [ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/src/zip232.tgz])
|-
|0x756e "<code>nu</code>" || || ASi UNIX || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x7855 "<code>Ux</code>" || || Info-ZIP Unix (previous new) || APPNOTE || Info-ZIP
|-
|0x7875 "<code>ux</code>" || || Info-ZIP Unix (new) || Info-ZIP || Info-ZIP
|-
|0xa11e || || Data Stream Alignment || APPNOTE || APPNOTE
|-
|0xa220 || || Microsoft Open Packaging Growth Hint || APPNOTE || APPNOTE
|-
|0xfb4a || || SMS/QDOS || Info-ZIP || Info-ZIP
|-
|0xfd4a || || SMS/QDOS || APPNOTE ||
|}

=== Multi-part archives ===
The ZIP format has supported archives consisting of multiple files from day one, though this feature does not appear to have been utilized by PKZIP until floppy disk spanning features were added in the v2.xx series.

The first fragment of a multi-part archive usually begins with signature bytes {{magic|'P' 'K' 0x07 0x08}}. This signature can be present even for single-part archives, if the disk spanning feature was enabled but turned out not to be needed.

The APPNOTE documentation (at least v4.5+) also mentions signature {{magic|'P' 'K' 0x30 0x30}}, calling it the "temporary spanning marker", but more research is needed to understand when it is used.

Fragments of a multi-part archive that are neither first nor last may not have any identifying signatures.

Only the last fragment necessarily contains the usual {{magic|'P' 'K' 0x05 0x06}} signature.

=== Self-extracting archives ===
Refer to [[Self-extracting ZIP]].

=== Character encoding ===
In general there is [https://twitter.com/tef/status/436555938879655937 no official file name encoding for ZIP files], and non ASCII filenames [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/106367/add-non-ascii-file-names-to-zip-in-java are not generally well supported]. The original implementation specified [[CP437|IBM Code Page 437]] for filenames, but as many characters cannot be expressed in that encoding, the filename bytes have often been interpreted using the current system codepage (implementation dependent behaviour). There is a flag to specify [[UTF-8]] as the encoding, but it is not supported in all major clients (e.g. Windows Explorer).

== Identification ==
The byte sequence <code>'P' 'K' 0x05 0x06</code> (the "end of central directory signature") appears somewhere in the file, usually beginning exactly 22 bytes from the end of the file. However, it will appear earlier if the file contains a "ZIP file comment" (common in the BBS era, but rare today), or for various other reasons. There seems to be no theoretical limit to how far back you may have to search for the signature, but some software limits it to around 64KB, which is the maximum length of a comment.

Most ZIP files (but not [[self-extracting ZIP]] files) happen to begin with <code>'P' 'K' 0x03 0x04</code>. This is not a global file signature, but is the signature that appears once for every compressed file inside the ZIP file. Some ZIP-based formats are designed such that they necessarily begin in this way. But in general, it is even legal for a ZIP file to contain zero files, and such a ZIP file would not contain this signature at all.

Refer to the [[#Multi-part archives]] section, elsewhere on this page, for additional relevant information.

That Phil Katz guy has thus managed to get his initials at the start of a large number of files on many millions of computers and devices, given how many file formats are based on ZIP (even if they use different extensions). He died in 2000, but this memorial to him will live on indefinitely.

== See also ==
* [[Self-extracting ZIP]]
* [[Zipx]]
* [[SOF (Spectrum Software)]] - Variant format
* [[DEFLATE]]
* [[:Category:ZIP based file formats]]
* [[:Category:PKWARE]]

== Specifications ==
* APPNOTEs - The format documentation from PKWARE is traditionally in a file named APPNOTE.TXT.
** [http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT APPNOTE from PKWARE] (latest version of formal spec)
** [https://support.pkware.com/display/PKZIP/Application+Note+Archives APPNOTE Archives from PKWARE] (selected versions all the way back to 1.0)
** [ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/doc/ Documentation from Info-ZIP] (Includes Info-ZIP variants on APPNOTE.TXT dated from 1996 to 2004, specifications used as the basis for various open-source tools)
** [https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/digformatspecs/ LoC archive]
** [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/appnote.hac An early version of APPNOTE] (apparently from PKZIP v1.10)
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel20/MSDOS/ZIP/APPNOTE.ZIP|APPNOTE.ZIP}} - Possibly the first v2.x APPNOTE
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20040819182806/http://www.pkware.com/company/standards/appnote/ APPNOTE v6.1.0], from archive.org
** Bundled with PKZIP software through v1.93 - refer to the [[#Software]] section below.
* [http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/zip IANA registration for application/zip in July 1993] (corresponds to version 2 of APPNOTE.TXT)
* [https://www.iso.org/standard/60101.html ISO/IEC 21320-1: Document Container File] (see also {{LoCFDD|fdd000361}})
* [http://apple2.org.za/gswv/a2zine/GS.WorldView/Resources/The.MacShrinkIt.Project/ARCHIVES.TXT Archive format info, including ZIP] (from 1989, when ZIP was newly released)
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/arc_fmts.txt ZIP file header format (among other archive types)]
* [http://rescene.wikidot.com/torrentzip TorrentZip]
* [http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/zip/zip-6/unzip/unzip/proginfo/extra.fld Info-ZIP's "extra fields" documentation]

== Metaformat files ==

* {{Synalysis|zip}}

== Software ==
* [http://www.info-zip.org Info-ZIP]: [http://www.info-zip.org/Zip.html Zip], [http://www.info-zip.org/UnZip.html UnZip]
* [[7-Zip]]
* [[zlib]] - The zlib library does not support ZIP format, but it is distributed with "minizip" code that supports most ZIP files.
* [http://www.nih.at/libzip/ libzip] - Uses zlib.
* [http://www.libarchive.org libarchive] - Uses zlib.
* [http://zziplib.sourceforge.net zziplib]
** [http://search.cpan.org/~vspader/Archive-ZZip-0.13/ZZip/ZZip.pm Archive::ZZip]: Perl bindings for zziplib
* [https://github.com/richgel999/miniz miniz]
* [[PKZIP]]
** For DOS: {{CdTextfiles|rbbsv3n1/pool/pkz110.exe|1.10}} · {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel20/MSDOS/ZIP/PKZ204G.EXE|2.04g}} · {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel0101/simtel/arcers/pk250dos.exe|2.50}}
** For Windows console: [{{SACFTPURL|pack|pkzc400s.exe}} 4.00]
** See [[PKZIP#Software]] for more versions.
* [[Konvertor]]
* {{Deark}} (for analysis, or converting old compression methods)
* [{{SACFTPURL|pack|pcdezip.zip}} PCDEZIP] - Source code and DOS binary to decompress ''Deflate'' and all older methods (1993)
* {{XAD}}
* [[Xelitan Zip]]

== Sample files ==
* https://github.com/corkami/pocs/tree/master/zip
* Examples that use the uncommon "Reduce" compression scheme: {{CdTextfiles|ccbwindows93/CORELDRA/VISA_CRD.ZIP|VISA_CRD.ZIP}}, {{CdTextfiles|librisbritannia/GRAPHICS/CLIPMAC/1608A.ZIP|1608A.ZIP}} → D1-MAC.ZIP
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/zip}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Zip (file format)|Wikipedia: ZIP (file format)]]
* [[Wikipedia:PKZIP|Wikipedia: PKZIP]]
* [http://research.swtch.com/zip Zip files all the way down] (creating an infinitely-regressed ZIP file)
* [http://imgur.com/a/PbN8H#1 ZIP101 an archive walkthrough]
* [http://literarymachin.es/deepzoom-osd-server/ Serve deepzoom images from a zip archive with openseadragon]
* [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20762094/how-are-zlib-gzip-and-zip-related-what-do-they-have-in-common-and-how-are-they/20765054#20765054 How are zlib, gzip and Zip related? What do they have in common and how are they different?] - Response to StackOverflow question by zlib/gzip co-creator Mark Adler
* [https://www.bitsgalore.org/2020/03/11/does-microsoft-onedrive-export-large-ZIP-files-that-are-corrupt Does Microsoft OneDrive export large ZIP files that are corrupt?] - Discusses an issue where large ZIP files generated by Microsoft OneDrive result in read errors when they are opened with tools like Info-Zip and 7-Zip
* [https://blog.archive.org/2019/02/13/zip-is-broken-except-its-not-except-it-is/ ZIP is Broken, Except it’s Not, Except it Is]
* [https://www.hanshq.net/zip.html Zip Files: History, Explanation and Implementation] and [https://www.hanshq.net/zip2.html The Legacy Zip Compression Methods]
* [https://games.greggman.com/game/zip-rant/ Zip - How not to design a file format.]
* [https://gynvael.coldwind.pl/download.php?f=TenThousandSecurityPitfalls_theZIPfileFormat.pdf Ten thousand security pitfalls: The ZIP file format by Gynvael Coldwind (2018)]

[[Category:Compression]]
[[Category:Metaformats]]
[[Category:ZIP based file formats]]
[[Category:PKWARE]]

ARJ

2024-10-05T20:59:26Z

Tomxe:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|arj}}, {{ext|a01}}, {{ext|a02}}, ...
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/610}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q2693033}}
|released=1990 (beta), 1991 (v1.00)
}}
'''ARJ''' is a compressed archive format, and associated software. It was developed by Robert Jung.

== Discussion ==
ARJ was one of the leading compression tools during the 1990s. While it was a bit slower than [[PKZIP]], it sported many more options, some of which were unique during that time (archives over multiple disks/volumes, fine-tuning of the compression algorithms used based on the data that was being compressed, recovery records to recover from simple transmission errors, etc.).

=== ARJ software expiration ===
If you wish to use or research the official ARJ software, be aware that some of the free/evaluation and beta versions of ARJ and ARJ32 have a hard-coded expiration date. They do not work, or do not work as well, if they think they are being used after that date. Expiration can manifest in several ways.

The 0.xx versions disable some features, based on the system clock, and the timestamp of the file being archived. Other versions only seem to care about the system clock.

Some beta versions inexplicably print "CRC error!" if they're expired.

At least one version prints a message about a time delay, but then seems to hang forever.

Newer versions have a time delay whose duration depends on how long ago they expired. The delay can be several minutes.

The newest versions that don't expire are apparently ARJ 2.76 and ARJ32 3.09.

Suggest running expired DOS versions in [[DOSBox-X]], which lets you set the clock.

== Format details ==

=== Compression methods ===
{| class="wikitable"
! ID !! Name !! Description
|-
|0 || stored || No compression
|-
|1 || compressed most ||rowspan="3"| [[LZ77 with Huffman coding|LZ77+Huffman]]. These are all essentially the same as [[LHA]]'s "lh6" method, but with the history window artificially limited to 26K, instead of 32K.

It is possible for ARJ files to exist that violate the 26K limit, e.g. if they were created by [[ARJZ]], or by Open-Source ARJ with the <code>-hdd32750</code> debug option.
|-
|2 || ...
|-
|3 || ...
|-
|4 || compressed fastest || An ARJ-specific implementation of [[LZ77]]/[[LZSS]].

Note: This compression method was slightly different in ARJ v0.13–0.14.
|-
|8 || no data, no CRC ||
|-
|9 || no data ||
|}

=== Format version number ===
The main header and each local file header have two 1-byte fields, named "archiver version" and "min archiver version to extract". The main "archiver version" field in particular could be useful to help classify the file. It normally appears at file offset 5.

The table below maps format versions to software versions and some relevant format changes. There is a similar table in the Open-Source ARJ FAQ (in resource/en/readme.txt), which includes some additional software.

{| class="wikitable"
! Format ver. !! Used by !! Remarks
|-
|1 || ARJ 0.13-0.14
|-
|2 || ARJ 0.15-1.00 || Changed <code>-m4</code> compression.
|-
|3 || ARJ 1.10-2.22 || Added support for directories.
|-
|4 || ARJ 2.30
|-
|5 || ARJ 2.39a-2.39b
|-
|6 || ARJ 2.39c-2.41a || Last-modified-time field added to main header.
|-
|7 || ARJ 2.42a-2.50a
|-
|8 || ARJ 2.55-2.61 || Encryption version field added to main header. Support for "chapters" added.
|-
|9 || ARJ 2.62-2.63[release 2 of 5?]<br>ARJ32 3.00 || Flags bit 0x02 redefined to mean "ANSIPAGE". Creation-time and access-time fields added.
|-
|10 || ARJ 2.63[release 3 of 5?]-2.76 || "ARJ protection factor" field added to main header.
|-
|11 || ARJ 2.81-(at least 2.86) || "Flags (second series)" field added to main header.
|-
|50 || ARJZ || Used by [[ARJZ]], maybe only in the "min version" field.
|-
|51 || ARJZ || Used by [[ARJZ]].
|-
|100 || ARJ32 3.00a-3.01a || Feature-equivalent to 9.
|-
|101 || ARJ32 3.02-3.09 || Feature-equivalent to 10.
|-
|102 || ARJ32 3.10-(at least 3.20) || Feature-equivalent to 11.
|}

== Self-extracting archives ==
ARJ can create self-extracting archives. This is usually done with the <code>-je</code> or <code>-je1</code> option. The <code>-je1</code> option creates an "SFXJR" archive, which is smaller, but has limited features.

According to the documentation, the ASCII signature "{{magic|aRJsfX}}" appears somewhere in the first 1000 bytes of all such files made by ARJ v2.20+.

Files made by ARJ for DOS use [[MS-DOS EXE|EXE]] format. The different versions are summarized below.

{| class="wikitable"
! Versions !! Option !! Remarks
|-
| <0.15 || || No such feature.
|-
| 0.15–0.15a || <code>-x</code> || The executable part is pre-compressed with [[LZEXE]]. LZEXE's usual "<code>LZ91</code>" signature appears at offset 28.
|-
| 0.20 || <code>-je</code> || LZEXE w/"<code>LZ91</code>" signature.
|-
| 1.00–2.00 || <code>-je</code> or <code>-je1</code> || Apparently uses [[DIET (compression)|DIET]] compression.
|-
| 2.10 || <code>-je</code> or <code>-je1</code> || LZEXE w/"<code>LZ91</code>" signature.
|-
| 2.20+ || <code>-je</code> or <code>-je1</code> || LZEXE w/"<code>RJSX</code>" signature.
|}

== Identification ==
An ARJ archive starts with signature bytes {{magic|0x60 0xea}}. Byte <code>0x02</code> appears at offset 10.

The full identification algorithm used by the ARJ software is given in its technical documentation.

== See also ==
* [[ARJ-PROTECT data]]
* [[ARJZ]]
* [[JAR (ARJ Software)]]
* [[SARJ]]
* [[SDN (SDN Project)]]

== Specifications ==
* The ARJ/UNARJ distributions include detailed format information, in a file named TECHNOTE.TXT or similar.
** [https://github.com/FarGroup/FarManager/blob/master/plugins/multiarc/arc.doc/arj.txt A copy of the 2001-09 version] (with an addendum of some sort)
* [http://www.fileformat.info/format/arj/corion.htm The ARJ Archive File Format], from fileformat.info and Corion.net
* Some extensions are documented in the [http://arj.sourceforge.net/ Open-source ARJ] project, especially in [https://github.com/joncampbell123/arj/blob/master/resource/en/readme.txt#L373 resource/en/readme.txt], "INFORMATION FOR DEVELOPERS" section.

== Software ==
* ARJ - Official compression/decompression software for DOS
** {{CdTextfiles|nightowl/carrs/015A/ARJ013A.ZIP|v0.13a}} (1990-09-29)
** {{CdTextfiles|hof91/ARC/ARJ100.LZH|v1.00}} (1991-02-07)
** {{CdTextfiles|pier/pier01/001a/arj230.exe|v2.30}} (1992-01-19)
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel20/MSDOS/ARCHIVRS/ARJ241A.EXE|v2.41a}} (1993-07-10)
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/ARCERS/ARJ250A.EXE|v2.50a}} (1995-12-12)
** {{CdTextfiles|ftp.wwiv.com/pub/GENUTIL/arj260.exe|v2.60}} (1997-11-16)
** [http://www.filegate.net/compress/arj271.exe v2.71] (1999-12-19)
** v2.76 (2001-06-18): [https://archive.org/details/chip_20018102_hu Chip CD 20018102 HU] → sac/pack/arj276.exe
** [https://www.sac.sk/download/pack/arj286.exe v2.86] (2012-01-02)
** [http://old-dos.ru/index.php?page=files&mode=files&do=show&id=779 Various versions at old-dos.ru]
* ARJ32 - Official compression/decompression software for Windows console
** [http://www.filegate.net/compress/arj32v3j.exe v3.04] (1999-12-19)
** v3.09 (2001-06-18): [https://archive.org/details/chip_20018102_hu Chip CD 20018102 HU] → sac/pack/arj32v3p.exe
** [https://www.sac.sk/download/pack/arj32320.exe v3.20] (2012-01-02)
** [http://old-dos.ru/index.php?page=files&mode=files&do=show&id=1463 Various versions at old-dos.ru]
* UNARJ - Official software, decompression only
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/simtel20/MSDOS/ARCHIVRS/UNARJ241.ZIP|v2.41}} (1993-04) - Source code + DOS binary
** [https://www.sac.sk/download/pack/unarj265.exe v2.65] (2002-06) - Source code + DOS binary + Windows console binary
* ARJCRYPT - An add-on required to enable the "new" encryption method
** arjc270.exe: [http://www.filegate.net/pub/compress/arjc270.exe], [https://toogam.com/software/archive/archiver/arj/arjc270.exe]
** arj32c3i.exe: [http://www.filegate.net/pub/compress/arj32c3i.exe], [https://toogam.com/software/archive/archiver/arj/arj32c3i.exe]
* [https://github.com/PascalVault/Lazarus_Unpacker Open-source library in Free Pascal]
* [[7-Zip]]
* [http://arj.sourceforge.net/ Open-source ARJ]
* [[Konvertor]]
* [[Xelitan Zip]]

''See also the notes about software expiration, elsewhere on this page.''

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfilesURL|20mnn/HPTEXT/PHRACK/}}
* {{CdTextfiles|silvercollection/|The Silver Collection}} CDs have many ARJ files
* {{CdTextfilesURL|goldmedal/}}
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/arj}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:ARJ|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.arjsoftware.com/ Official homepage of ARJ software]

Compression and archiving software

2024-10-05T20:58:50Z

Tomxe:

{|
|[[Software]]
| >
|[[Compression and archiving software]]
|}

Selected multi-format compression and archiving software products are listed here. (Also listed are articles whose topic is the software, as opposed to a format.)

* [[7-Zip]]
* [[CFX]]
* [[IDArc]]
* [[Konvertor]]
* [[macutil]]
* [[PKZIP]]
* [[ShrinkIt]]
* [[The Unarchiver|Unarchiver, The]]
* [[Xelitan Zip]]

See also:
* [[Archiving]]
* [[Compression]]

[[Category:Software]]
[[Category:Archiving]]
[[Category:Compression]]

FSF

2024-10-03T11:38:34Z

Tomxe: /* Sample file */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Text
|extensions={{ext|ini}}
|released=2023
}}
'''FSF''' or File Structure Format is a format introduced by Xelitan Hex Editor. FSF files can be used as templates to interpret various binary files. Files are not compressed and use INI formatting.

=== Sample file ===
Below is an FSF template for TGA images:
<code>
[FSFormat]
IdLen=UInt8
ColorMap=UInt8
ImageType=UInt8
FirstIndex=UInt16
ColorCount=UInt16
ColorBits=UInt8
LeftCornerX=UInt16
LeftCornerY=UInt16
Width=UInt16
Height=UInt16
BytesPerPixel=UInt8
Flags=UInt8
</code>

== Data types ==
UInt8 - unsigned integer, 8 bit
Int8 - signed integer, 8 bit
UInt16 - unsigned integer, 16 bit
MInt16 - signed integer, 16 bit, Motorola byte order
Str(4) - ASCII string, 4 bytes long
UInt32|hex - unsigned integer, 32 bit, display in hex
UInt16|DosTime - unsigned integer, 16 bit, interpret as Dos Time
NulStr - ASCII string, terminated by null byte (0x00)

== Identification ==
FSF files begin with ASCII text <code>[FSFormat]</code>.

== Software ==
* [[Xelitan Hex Editor]]

== Sample files ==
* [[Xelitan Hex Editor]]

FSF

2024-10-03T11:38:19Z

Tomxe: /* Data types */

FSF

2024-10-03T07:35:40Z

Tomxe:

FSF

2024-10-03T07:35:19Z

Tomxe: First version

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Text
|extensions={{ext|ini}}
|released=2023
}}
'''FSF''' or File Structure Format is a format introduced by Xelitan Hex Editor. FSF files can be used as templates to interpret various binary files. Files are not compressed and use INI formatting.

=== Sample file ===
Below is an FSF template for TGA images:
<code>
[FSFormat]
IdLen=UInt8
ColorMap=UInt8
ImageType=UInt8
FirstIndex=UInt16
ColorCount=UInt16
ColorBits=UInt8
LeftCornerX=UInt16
LeftCornerY=UInt16
Width=UInt16
Height=UInt16
BytesPerPixel=UInt8
Flags=UInt8
</code>

== Data types ==
UInt8 - unsigned integer, 8 bit
Int8 - signed integer, 8 bit
UInt16 - unsigned integer, 16 bit
MInt16 - signed integer, 16 bit, Motorola byte order
Str(4) - ASCII string, 4 bytes long
UInt32|hex - unsigned integer, 32 bit, display in hex
UInt16|DosTime - unsigned integer, 16 bit, interpret as Dos Time
NulStr - ASCII string, terminated by null byte (0x00)

== Identification ==
FSF files begin with ASCII text <code>[FSFormat]</code>.

== See Also ==
* [[PSB]]
* [[PhotoDeluxe]] (PDD)

== Software ==
* [[Xelitan Hex Editor]]

== Sample files ==
* [[Xelitan Hex Editor]]