Just Solve the File Format Problem - User contributions [en]

Linear Executable

2026-03-04T16:21:47Z

Shio: Does not work on OS/2 1.x.

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Executables
|extensions={{ext|386}}, {{ext|dll}}, {{ext|exe}}, {{ext|sys}}, {{ext|vxd}}
}}
'''Linear Executable''' is an executable file format in the [[EXE]] family. It was used by 32-bit OS/2, by some DOS extenders, and by Microsoft Windows VxD files. It is an extension of [[MS-DOS EXE]], and a successor to [[NE]] (New Executable).

There are two main varieties of it: '''LX''' (32-bit), and '''LE''' (mixed 16/32-bit).

Note that 32-bit LX executables are compatible only with OS/2 2.0 and later versions, incl. OS/2 Warp 4.x.

== Identification ==
A Linear Executable file begins with the ASCII signature "<code>MZ</code>". At offset 60 is a 4-byte integer pointing to an "extended" header that begins with "<code>LX</code>" or "<code>LE</code>". For more information, see [[MS-DOS EXE]].

== Specifications ==
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/lxexe.txt LX Format Description] (1992 edition)
** [http://www.oldlinux.org/Linux.old/study/sabre/os/files/Executables/LX.txt Another copy of the 1992 edition]
* [http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/ibm/pc/os2/OS2_OMF_and_LX_Object_Formats_Revision_8_199406.pdf IBM OS/2 16/32-bit Object Module Format (OMF) and Linear executable Module Format (LX)] (Revision 8, 1994)
* [https://archive.org/details/IBMOS2Warp4ToolkitDocuments2/32-bit%20Linear%20eXecutable%20Module%20Format%20%28LX%29%20Specification/mode/2up IBM OS/2 16/32-bit Linear eXecutable Module Format (LX)] (Revision 11, 2001)
* [http://faydoc.tripod.com/formats/exe-LE.htm (.vxd) LINEAR-EXECUTABLE File Header Layout] (LE)

== Software ==

* [https://github.com/altsan/os2-gpi-font-tools/blob/master/parser/gpifont.c An OS/2 font resource extractor] reads resources from LX-format executable, including decompressing compressed pages

== Sample files ==
* http://cd.textfiles.com/hobbesos29411/BIN/ → *.EXE (LX, OS/2 console)
* http://cd.textfiles.com/hobbesos2/2_X/GAMES/ → *.ZIP → *.EXE (LX, OS/2 GUI)
* http://cd.textfiles.com/silvercollection/disc4/DRIVERS/ - The *.386 files inside the archive files (for example, [http://cd.textfiles.com/silvercollection/disc4/DRIVERS/19GXE.ARJ 19GXE.ARJ] → VDDS3.386) use MS Windows LE / VxD format.
* [http://cd.textfiles.com/doomcompanion/DOOM/DOOM.EXE DOOM.EXE] - Example of the format used by some DOS extenders. Technically this is an [[MS-DOS EXE]] file, with an embedded LE file.

== See also ==
* [[Dynamic-link library (Windows)]]
* [[EXEPACK]]
* [[EXEPACK2]]

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190202155306/http://www.tenberry.com/dos4g/faq/format.html DOS/4G and DOS/4GW FAQ: Executable File Format(s)]
* [http://www.mitec.cz/exe.html EXE Explorer utility]
* [https://github.com/open-watcom/open-watcom-v2/blob/master/bld/watcom/h/exeflat.h Open Watcom structs with LX/LE differences]

[[Category:Windows]]
[[Category:OS/2]]

Microsoft Reader

2026-02-22T10:24:49Z

Shio: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Electronic Publishing formats |extensions={{ext|lit}} |pronom=fmt/867 }} The '''Microsoft Reader''' format is an eBook format, deve..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Electronic Publishing formats
|extensions={{ext|lit}}
|pronom=fmt/867
}}
The '''Microsoft Reader''' format is an eBook format, developed by Microsoft for the discontinued Microsoft Reader software.

It is derived on [[CHM]].

== Sample files ==
* 'DexvertSamples|document/microsoftReader'

== Links ==
* 'Wikipedia:Microsoft Reader|Wikipedia article'

[[Category:Document]]
[[Category:Microsoft]]

Puzzle image (X11)

2026-02-06T22:59:46Z

Shio: rest7 went offline

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|cm}}, {{ext|pzl}}
|released=~1988
}}
Some distributions of X-Windows include a program named "puzzle", which is an implementation of the "15 puzzle" sliding tile game. It was written by Don Bennett of HP Labs.

Using the "<code>-picture</code>" option, a custom bitmap image may be used on the tiles. This article is about the format of the file containing that custom image. It has been given various names such as '''X11 puzzle file''' or '''Unix Puzzle 8-bit Bitmap'''.

== Format ==
A puzzle image uses a simple uncompressed 8-bit paletted format. There is a 9-byte header, then the palette, then the pixels.

== Specifications ==
The format is described in a comment in the picture.c file from the source code.
* ftp://ftp.x.org/pub/unsupported/programs/puzzle/picture.c

== Software ==
* [[Konvertor]]
* [[Netpbm]]: ppmtopuzz (write only)
* [[XnView]] (apparently requires the file extension to be ".pzl")
* [ftp://ftp.x.org/pub/unsupported/programs/puzzle/ puzzle source code and man page]
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* [ftp://ftp.x.org/pub/unsupported/programs/puzzle/mandrill.cm mandrill.cm]
* {{DexvertSamples|image/x11Puzzle}}

== Further reading ==
* [[Wikipedia:15 puzzle|Wikipedia: 15 puzzle]]

[[Category:Puzzles]]
[[Category:X Window System]]

SubRip text file format

2025-08-23T18:18:27Z

Shio: Undo revision 50938 by Shio (talk)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Video
|subcat2=Subtitle formats
|extensions={{ext|srt}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/1218}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q27979375}}
}}
The '''SubRip text file format''' (SRT) is used by the (free, Windows-based) SubRip program to save subtitles ripped from video files or [[DVD]]s. Unlike some other programs (e.g., [[VobSub]]) which rip DVD subtitles in their original graphic-based format, SubRip performs OCR (Optical Character Recognition) to convert the subtitles into plain text, allowing for more flexible use in rendering, searching, indexing, and data analysis.

The [[WebVTT]] format, a W3C draft in 2014, has some similarities to this format.

== Format ==

The format is based on plain text with CR+LF as the line separator (though Unix-style LF/newline is sometimes found). Some HTML tags are sometimes used in the captions for such things as indicating bold or italic text.

Each subtitle is represented as a group of lines (separated from other subtitles by a blank line). The first line has a number (assigned sequentially to each title); the second line has a timestamp range within the video being captioned, with times expressed in the format '''hours:minutes:seconds,milliseconds''' and the start and end of the range separated by <code> --> </code>.

The timestamp range can optionally be followed by a specific positioning by pixels, in the form <code>X1:''number'' Y1:''number'' X2:''number'' Y2:''number''</code>.

Then the following line(s) contain the actual subtitle/caption text, ended by a blank line. The [[HTML]] <b>, <i>, <u>, and <font> tags are allowed.

== Links ==
* [http://zuggy.wz.cz/ SubRip official site]
* [[Wikipedia:SubRip|Wikipedia: SubRip]]
* [http://forum.doom9.org/showthread.php?p=470941#post470941 Forum thread with some file format info]
* [http://lav.io/2014/06/videogrep-automatic-supercuts-with-python/ Videogrep: Automatic Supercuts with Python]

SubRip text file format

2025-08-23T18:11:32Z

Shio:

Graphics

2025-02-26T21:15:50Z

Shio: Added theme formats by phone makes

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Graphics
|image=Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg
|caption=Mona Lisa
}}
[[Electronic_File_Formats|Electronic Formats]] concerned with Image Data.

''See also:''
* [[3D and CAD/CAM Models]]
* [[Animation]]
* [[Cameras and Digital Image Sensors]]
* [[Fonts]]
* [[Geospatial]]
* [[Health and Medicine#Medical Imaging]]
* [[Page description languages]]
* [[Scientific Data formats]]
* [[Video]]
''Other lists of formats:''
* [[Amiga graphics formats]]
* [[Apple II graphics formats]]
* [[Atari graphics formats]]
* [[Commodore graphics formats]]
* [[Fax formats]]

== Animated image formats ==
See also [[Animation]], [[Video]].

* [[APNG]]
* [[GFY]]
* [[GIF]]
* [[GIFV]]
* [[IFF-DEEP]]
* [[Just Buttons BTN]]
* [[MNG]]
* [[Naïve Image Formats]] (NII, NIA)
* [[OIL (OpenIL)]]
* [[PGX (Portfolio)]]
* [[Ugoira]]
* [[XNG]]

Other image formats supporting animation, but not usually thought of as animation formats, include [[AVIF]], [[HEIF]], [[JPEG XL]], [[JPX]], and [[WebP]].

== Character-based graphics ==
See [[Character encoding]] for details of character sets, some of which include graphical or line-and-box-drawing characters.

* [[2500x]]
* [[ANSI Art]] (.ans)
* [[ANSI escape code]]
* [[AN2]]
* [[ArtWorx Data Format]] (.adf)
* [[ASCII Art]]
* [[Ascii-Art Editor]]
* [[AVATAR]] (FidoNet)
* [[BIN (Binary Text)]]
* [[BSAVE Image]]
* [[CebraText]]
* [[ComAnsi]] (.anc)
* [[Dir Logo Maker]]
* [[Fontastic COM format]]
* [[iCEDraw]] (.idf)
* [[Instant Graphics and Sound]] (.ig, .igs)
* [[Laughing Dog Screen Maker]] (.dog)
* [[Laughing Dog Screen Maker COM file]]
* [[MZM]] (.mzm)
* [[Nitrogen Fingers Paint]] (NFP)
* [[Nitrogen Fingers Text]] (NFT)
* [[P-Screen COM Screen]]
* [[PCBoard]] (.pcb)
* [[PIX (PIcture in teXt)]] (sets up custom characters to show raster image in text mode)
* [[RIPscrip]] (or RIPscript)
* [[Semi-Graphic logos Editor]]
* [[sMAUG ANSI Executable]]
* [[TheDraw COM File]]
* [[TheDraw Save File]] (.td)
* [[TUNDRA]] (.tnd)
* [[XBIN]] (.xb)

== Colors ==
(Profiles, color spaces, [[palettes]], swatches)
* [[Adobe RGB (1998)]]
* [[Adobe Swatch Exchange]] (.ase)
* [[Atari ST color palette]]
* [[Color Exchange Format]] (.cxf)
* [[Color format]]
* [[Commodore 64 color palette]]
* [[DAT (Build Engine Palette)]]
* [[DNG camera profile]]
* [[Dr. Halo PAL]]
* [[GIMP Palette]]
* [[ICC profile]]
* [[PAL (Dark Reign)]]
* [[Photoshop Curve]]
* [[Photoshop Transfer Function]]
* [[RIFF Palette File]]
* [[sRGB]]
* [[Web-safe colors]]
* [[YUV]]
* [[LUTS]] Look-up Tables (.cube)

== Compression ==

Graphics compression algorithms, special-purpose compressed graphics formats, etc.

See also [[Compression]], for general-purpose algorithms.

* [[Brunsli]]
* [[CCITT Group 3]]
* [[CCITT Group 4]]
* [[DCT compression]] (e.g. lossy [[JPEG]])
* [[Genus Graphics Library]]
* [[GIFBLAST]] (.gfb)
* [[Gifpress]] (.gps)
* [[ImageZero]]
* [[JBIG]]
* [[JBIG2]]
* [[JPEG]]
* [[JPEG 2000 codestream]]
* [[JPEG-LS]]
* [[Lepton]]
* [[LOCO-I]] (Low Complexity Lossless Compression for Images)
* [[MAG (GIF archiver)]]
* [[Mixed Raster Content]] (MRC, T.44)
* [[Modified Huffman]]
* [[Modified Modified READ]]
* [[Modified READ]]
* [[NeXT 2-bit RLE]]
* [[PackBits]]
* [[packJPG]] (.pjg)
* [[packPNM]] (.ppn)
* [[PKP]]
* [[Rawzor]]
* [[RK Image]] (.rki)
* [[Run-length colour encoding]] (T.45)
* [[Run-length encoding]]
* [[StuffIt Image Format]] (SIF)
* [[ThunderScan compression]]
* [[UHIC]]
* [[Wavelet compression]]

== Icon, Cursor, and Avatar files ==
(Formats often used for icons, cursors, avatars, thumbnails, etc.)

* [[Amiga Workbench icon]] (.info)
* [[AMOS Icon Bank]]
* [[Windows Animated Cursor|ANI (Windows Animated Cursor)]]
* [[Apple File and App Icons]]
* [[CUR]] (Microsoft Windows cursors)
** [[Windows 1.0 Cursor]]
* [[CursorFX]]
* [[CursorXP]]
* [[DEGAS Elite icon]] (.icn)
* [[EPOC AIF]]
* [[Favicon]]
* [[Foto-Mosaic-Edda Database]]
* [[GEM resource file]] (.rsc)
* [[GlowIcons]]
* [[Graphic Workshop Thumbnail]] (.thn)
* [[Haiku Vector Icon Format]]
* [[HP 100LX/200LX icon]] (.icn)
* [[HTA (Hemera)]]
* [[ICDRAW icon]]
* [[ICN (FM Towns)]]
* [[ICNS]] (Apple/Macintosh Icon)
* [[ICO]] (Microsoft Windows icons)
** [[Windows 1.0 Icon]]
* [[Icon Heaven library]] (.fim)
* [[Icon library]]
** [[Icon library (Easy Icons)]] (.icl)
** [[Icon library (hDC Icon Designer)]] (.il)
** [[Icon library (Impact Software)]] (.icl)
** [[Icon library (Norton Icon Editor)]] (.nil)
* [[Icon Manager icon archive]] (.ica)
* [[IconPackager]] (.zip, .iptheme, .ip, .iconpackager)
* [[IconVG]] (.ivg)
* [[Ikon|Ikon (Bell Labs)]]
* [[Image Gallery (Alchemy Mindworks)]] (.gal)
* [[Imageiio/imaginfo (Ulead)]] (.pe3, .pe4)
* [[Image Librarian]] (.ril)
* [[iThmb]] (iOS thumbnail images)
* [[Lotus Smart Icon]] (.smi)
* [[Magic Desk icon]] (.icn)
* [[Micrografx Icon]] (.icn)
* [[MonkeyLogo]]
* [[MTN]] (Monu-CAD thumbnail) (.mtn)
* [[NeoDesk icon]] (.nic)
* [[NewIcons]]
* [[Nokia Group Graphic]] (.ngg)
* [[Nokia Logo Manager bitmap‎]] (.nlm)
* [[Nokia Operator Logo]] (.nol)
* [[Nokia Picture Message]] (.npm)
* [[Nokia Startup Logo]] (.nsl)
* [[OLPC 565]]
* [[OS/2 Icon]]
* [[OS/2 Pointer]] (.ptr)
* [[PaintShop Pro Browser Cache]] (pspbrwse.jbf)
* [[Photoshop Thumbnail Cache]]
* [[PixFolio catalog]]
* [[Portfolio catalog]]
* [[RIPscrip Icon]] (RIPterm Image, .icn)
* [[Sony Mavica 411]]
* [[SRF (Garmin vehicle)]]
* [[Sun icon]]
* [[SuperJPG thumbnail cache]] (superjpg.tnc)
* [[ThumbsPlus database]]
* [[ToyBox icon]]
* [[Windows thumbnail cache]] (Thumbs.db)
* [[Xbox Live Avatar]]
* [[Xcursor]]
* [[X-Face]]
* [[XV thumbnail]]
* [[ZoomBrowser Ex thumbnail cache]] (ZbThumbnail.info)

== Metadata Formats ==

* [[AFCP]]
* [[Exif]]
* [[IPTC-IIM]] (or NAA)
* [[IPTC Photo Metadata]]
* [[MakerNote]]
* [[MIX (metadata)|MIX]]
* [[net.CyberCards]]
* [[Photoshop Image Resources]]
* [[SAUCE]]
* [[XMP]]

== Online/Networked Formats ==
(while any image format can be used online and through a network, these are specifically designed to be accessed remotely via an API)
* [[IIIF|IIIF – The International Image Interoperability Framework]]

== Programming languages ==
(Graphic-specific programming languages; see [[Programming Languages]] for general languages)

* [[Anim8or Scripting Language]]
* [[Blitz3D]]
* [[CEEMAC]]
* [[High Level Shading Language]] (HLSL) (uses byte array header files)
* [[OpenGL Shading Language]] (GLSL)
* [[PostScript]]
* [[Processing]]
* [[RenderWare object]] (.rwx)
* [[SCODL]]

== Raster Graphics Formats ==

* [[AAI]] (Dune image)
* [[ABC (LEADTOOLS)]] (Advanced Bitonal Compression)
* [[Abekas YUV]] (.yuv) (Diskus and Quantel QNV varieties of YUV files are apparently similar)
* [[Ability Office PhotoPaint]] (.apx)
* [[ACDSee Image]] (.apd, .acdc)
* [[Acorn Sprite]]
* [[ADEX IMG]]
* [[ADRG]]
* [[Advanced Art Studio]]
* [[Affinity Photo]] (.afphoto)
* [[AFLI-Editor]]
* [[AIPD]]
* [[Alias PIX]]
* [[Alpha Microsystems BMP]]
* [[Amber ARR Bitmap Image]]
* [[Amica Paint]]
* [[AMOS Picture Bank]]
* [[AMOS Sprite Bank]]
* [[Analyze AVW]]
* [[Animator PIC/CEL]]
* [[Animator Pro PIC]]
* [[Anime 4ever slideshow]]
* [[ANSI 379]]
* [[ANSI 381]]
* [[AP*]]
* [[Apac3 APP]]
* [[Aperio SVS]]
* [[Apple volume label image]]
* [[Applixware Bitmap]]
* [[Adaptive Prediction Trees|APT]]
* [[ARF (Axon Raw Format)]]
* [[ART (AOL compressed image)]]
* [[ART (PFS: First Publisher)]]
* [[Art Director]]
* [[ArtMaster88]]
* [[Async Professional Fax]] (.apf)
* [[AtariCAD]] (.drg)
* [[AtariGraphics]]
* [[Atari Graphics Studio]]
* [[Atari Interlaced Studio]]
* [[AtariTools-800]]
* [[ATR (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Augmented PFM]]
* [[AVIF]]
* [[AVS X image]]
* [[Award BIOS logo]]
* [[AWD (Artweaver)]]
* [[AWD (At Work Document)]]
* [[BBC Micro mode image]]
* [[BCIF]]
* [[BEF]]
* [[BFLI]]
* [[BGI image]]
* [[BIF (byLight)]]
* [[BIF (Image Alchemy)]]
* [[BigTIFF]]
* [[BioRad confocal image]]
* [[Blazing Paddles]] (.pi, .wnd)
* [[BLP]]
* [[BMF (Dmitry Shkarin)]]
* [[BMI (Zoner)]]
* [[BMP]] (Windows BMP and OS/2 BMP)
* [[Bob ray tracer bitmap]]
* [[Border Screen]]
* [[BPG]]
* [[BRender PIX]]
* [[BRUHIFF]]
* [[BSAVE Image]]
* [[BSB]] (BSB/KAP)
* [[BSP (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[BTPC]]
* [[Bugbiter APAC239i]]
* [[CADRG]]
* [[Calamus Raster Graphic]] (.crg)
* [[CALS raster]]
* [[Casio CAM]] (.cam)
* [[Canvas (Atari)‎]] (.cpt, .cnv)
* [[Cartesian Perceptual Compression]] (CPC)
* [[CD5]] (Chasys Draw)
* [[CD-I IFF IMAG]]
* [[CDU-Paint]]
* [[Centauri Logo Editor]]
* [[CgBI]]
* [[CH$]]
* [[Champions' Interlace]]
* [[CharPad‎]]
* [[Cheese]] (.che)
* [[Cineon]]
* [[Cisco IP Phone image]]
* [[Clear (RISC OS graphics format)|Clear]]
* [[Cloé picture]]
* [[CMP]]
* [[CMU Andrew Toolkit image]] (.cmu)
* [[CMU Window Manager bitmap]]
* [[COKE (Atari Falcon)]]
* [[ColoRIX]] (RIX)
* [[ColorViewSquash]] (.rgb)
* [[C.O.L.R. Object Editor]]
* [[CompuServe RLE]]
* [[ComputerEyes]]
* [[Corel Photo House]] (.cps)
* [[Corel Photo-Paint image]] (.cpt)
* [[Corel Wavelet]] (.wi)
* [[CPA (PRISM)]]
* [[CPI (ColorLab)]]
* [[Crack Art]] (.ca1, .ca2, .ca3)
* [[CUPS Raster]]
* [[CUT (Amstrad)]]
* [[Cyber Paint Cell]]
* [[Dali]]
* [[DataShow GRA]]
* [[DataShow Sprite]]
* [[DaVinci]]
* [[DCS]] (Desktop Color Separation)
* [[DCT (Crash Barrier)]]
* [[DCX]] (ZSoft IBM PC multi-page Paintbrush)
* [[DEGAS Elite brush]]
* [[DEGAS image]] (.pi1, .pi2, .pi3, .pc1, .pc2, .pc3)
* [[DelmPaint]]
* [[DeskMate Paint]] (.pnt)
* [[DeskPic]]
* [[DESR VFF]]
* [[Dexxa TIFF]]
* [[DGI (Digi-Pic)]]
* [[D-GRAPH]]
* [[DICOM]] (.dcm)
* [[Diddle sketch]]
* [[DiddleBug sketch]]
* [[Digi Paint]]
* [[DIN]]
* [[DirectDraw Surface]] (.dds)
* [[DjVu]]
* [[DM2]]
* [[DM3]]
* [[DM4]]
* [[DNG]]
* [[Doodle (Atari)]] (.doo)
* [[Doodle! (C64)]] (.dd, .jj)
* [[Doré Raster]]
* [[DPX]] (SMTPE DPX)
* [[Draw256]] (.vga)
* [[DrawIt (Atari)]]
* [[Drazlace]]
* [[Drazpaint]] (.drz, .drp)
* [[Dr. Halo CUT]]
* [[Dr. Halo PIC]]
* [[DUO]]
* [[DuneGraph]]
* [[DVI]] (Intel DVI, Digital Video Interface, Intel Real-Time Video)
* [[ECI Graphic Editor]]
* [[Eclipse TILE]]
* [[ECW]] (Enhanced Compression Wavelet)
* [[EggPaint]] (.trp)
* [[Elecard Wavelet Image]] (.wlt)
* [[Enhanced Simplex]] (.esm)
* [[Envision]]
* [[EPOC MBM]] (Symbian Multibitmap)
* [[EPOC Sketch]]
* [[EPSILON]]
* [[Epson Printer Bitmaps]]
* [[ERDAS Imagine IMG]]
* [[ERDAS LAN/GIS]]
* [[ER Mapper Raster]] (.ers)
* [[Esm Software PIX]]
* [[Extended DEGAS image]]
* [[EZ-Art Professional]]
* [[Face Painter]] (.fpt, .fcp)
* [[FaceSaver]]
* [[Falcon True Color]] (.ftc)
* [[farbfeld]]
* [[Fastgraph Pixel Run Format]]
* [[FastSpr sprite file]]
* [[FAXX]] (IFF-FAXX)
* [[FBM image]] (Fuzzy Bitmap)
* [[FFLI]]
* [[FIASCO]]
* [[FIF (Fractal Image Format)]]
* [[Fireworks PNG]] (Adobe)
* [[FL32 (FilmLight)]]
* [[FlashPix]] (.fpx)
* [[Flexible Image Transport System]] (FITS)
* [[Flexible Line Interpretation]] (FLI)
* [[FLIF]]
* [[FLI Graph]]
* [[FLIP]]
* [[FLI Profi]]
* [[Floor Designer]]
* [[FMAC2COM]]
* [[FONTASY graphics]]
* [[FRA (Fractint)]]
* [[Freedom of Press]]
* [[FSH (EA Sports)]]
* [[FUIF]]
* [[Fullscreen Construction Kit]]
* [[Funpaint]]
* [[Fun with Art]]
* [[G9B]]
* [[GD image format]]
* [[GD2 image format]]
* [[GED]]
* [[GEM Raster]] (.img)
* [[GEM-View Dither‎]]
* [[Gephard Hires Graphics]]
* [[geoPaint]]
* [[GeoTIFF]]
* [[GFA Artist]] (.art)
* [[GIF]] (Graphics Interchange Format)
* [[GIFEXE]]
* [[Giga Cad]]
* [[Gigascreen]]
* [[GIMP Animated Brush]] (.gih)
* [[GIMP Brush]] (.gbr)
* [[GIMP Pattern]] (.pat)
* [[GLE]]
* [[GoDot]] (.4bt)
* [[GodPaint]] (.god)
* [[GR*]]
* [[GRABBER]]
* [[Graph2Font]]
* [[Graphics Processor]]
* [[Graphic Workshop self-displaying picture]]
* [[Graph Saurus]]
* [[Grass' Slideshow]]
* [[GrayPaint]]
* [[GRF (Amstrad)]]
* [[GRFX]]
* [[GRIB]] (Gridded Binary)
* [[GROB]]
* [[Gunpaint]]
* [[GX1]]
* [[GX2]]
* [[Hard Interlace Picture]]
* [[HCI]]
* [[HEIF]]
* [[Hemera Photo-Object]]
* [[Hi-Eddi]] (.hed)
* [[Hi-Pic Creator]] (.hpc)
* [[hipix]]
* [[HIPS]]
* [[Hires-Bitmap]]
* [[Hires FLI Designer]]
* [[Hires Interlace]]
* [[Hires Manager]]
* [[HiRes Player Missile]]
* [[HLR]]
* [[HMR]] (Bentley Systems bitmap file, connected in some way to GeoTIFF)
* [[HP Paintjet]]
* [[HP Photo Album]]
* [[HR (TRS-80)]] (.hr)
* [[HRU]]
* [[HS2 (POSTERING)|HS2]]
* [[HSI JPEG]]
* [[HSI Raw]]
* [[HTC splashscreen]] (also known as NB format)
* [[IBM Audio Visual Connection (AVC) Still Video Image]]
* [[IBM KIPS bitmap]]
* [[ICE (Atari)]]
* [[ICR (NCSA Telnet)]]
* [[IFF-DEEP]]
* [[ILBM]] (IFF, LBM, HAM, ACBM, etc.)
* [[Image Cytometry Standard]] (.ics)
* [[Image Exchange Format]]
* [[Image System]]
* [[ImageWise Picture]]
* [[Imagic Film/Picture]] (Atari ST)
* [[IMG/HDR]] (Analyze 7.5)
* [[IMG Scan]]
* [[Img Software Set]]
* [[ImgStar]]
* [[IMPACJ]] (.imj)
* [[IndyPaint]] (.tru)
* [[ING 15]]
* [[Inset PIX]]
* [[InShape IIM]]
* [[Insta360 INSP]] (.insp)
* [[INT95a]]
* [[Intergraph Raster]]
* [[Interlace Graphics Editor]]
* [[Interlace Hires Editor]]
* [[Interlace Logo Designer]]
* [[Interleaf image]]
* [[InterPainter]]
* [[IPI]]
* [[IPLab]] (Image Processing Lab)
* [[IRIS CMYK Front End Processor CT]]
* [[Island Graphics TIFF]]
* [[IWC (WaveL)]]
* [[J Wavelet Image Codec]] (.wic)
* [[J6I]] (Ricoh Digital Camera image file)
* [[JAM (compressed image)]]
* [[JAM (Disney's Aladdin)]]
* [[JBIG]]
* [[JBIG2]]
* [[JEDMICS C4]]
* [[Jeff's Image Format]]
* [[Jet Graphics Planner]]
* [[JFIF]] (JPEG File Interchange Format)
* [[JNG]] (JPEG Network Graphics)
* [[Jovian Logic VI]]
* [[JP2]] (JPEG 2000 Part 1 Annex I)
* [[JPC (LuraWave)]]
* [[JPEG]] (JPEG Interchange Format, .jpg)
* [[JPEG 360]]
* [[JPEG 2000]]
* [[JPEG 2000 codestream]] (.j2k, .j2c, .jpc)
* [[JPEG-HDR]]
* [[JPEG-LS]]
* [[JPEG Pleno]]
* [[JPEG XL]]
* [[JPEG XR]] (HD Photo)
* [[JPEG XS]]
* [[JPEG XT]]
* [[JPEGT]]
* [[JPM]] (JPEG 2000 Part 6: Compound Image Format)
* [[JPS]]
* [[JPX]] (JPEG 2000 Part 2: Extensions, .jpf)
* [[KEA]]
* [[KFX (Atari graphics format)]]
* [[KIFF]]
* [[KiSS CEL]]
* [[Koala MicroIllustrator]]
* [[KoalaPainter]] (.koa, .gg)
* [[Kolor Raw]] (.kro)
* [[Kompresor do Animatora]]
* [[KQP]]
* [[Krita]] (.kra)
* [[KSS-Paint]]
* [[KTX]]
* [[KYG]]
* [[Larka Edytor Obiekt]]
* [[LazPaint]] (.lzp)
* [[LdPic]]
* [[LERC]]
* [[LIFF]] (Openlab Layered Image File Format)
* [[Lightning Strike]] (.cod)
* [[LightWork Image]] (.lwi)
* [[Lisp Machine Bitmap‎]]
* [[Little Draw]] (.ldw)
* [[Logo-Painter]]
* [[Lossless JPEG (original)]]
* [[Lotus Manuscript graphics]] (.bit)
* [[LSM]] (Zeiss Light Speed Microscope)
* [[LSS16]]
* [[Lucasfilm picture]] (.lff)
* [[Ludek Maker]]
* [[Lumena CEL]]
* [[Lumena PIX/BPX]]
* [[LuraDocument Format]] (.ldf)
* [[LuraWave]] (LWF)
* [[MacPaint]]
* [[Mad Designer]]
* [[Mad Studio]]
* [[MagicDraw]]
* [[Magic Painter]]
* [[Magick Persistent Cache]] (MPC)
* [[MAKIchan Graphics]] (.mag)
* [[Mamut]]
* [[Mapletown Network]]
* [[Marco Pixel Editor]]
* [[Maya IFF]]
* [[McPainter]]
* [[MCS]]
* [[MDA|MDA/MDP]] (MicroDesign Area/Page)
* [[MDI]] (Microsoft Office Document Imaging)
* [[MDP (FireAlpaca)|MDP]] (FireAlpaca and Medibang Paint)
* [[MegaPaint BLD]]
* [[MetaMorph Stack]] (.stk)
* [[MGR bitmap]]
* [[MIAF]]
* [[Micro Illustrator]]
* [[Microsoft Image Composer]] (.mic)
* [[MIF (MAXpaint)]]
* [[MIF (MSX)]]
* [[MIFF]] (Magick Image File Format)
* [[MIG]]
* [[MIX (Picture It!)]]
* [[Mixed Raster Content]] (MRC, T.44)
* [[MLDF]]
* [[Mono Magic]]
* [[Movie Maker]]
* [[MPH (MonkeyPhoto)]]
* [[MRF (Monochrome Recursive Format)]]
* [[MrSID]]
* [[MSP (Microsoft Paint)]]
* [[MSX BASIC graphics]]
* [[MTV ray tracer bitmap]]
* [[MultiArtist]]
* [[Multicolor]] (Commodore 64 graphic mode)
* [[Multicolor (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Multi-Lace Editor]]
* [[Multi Palette Picture]] (MPP)
* [[Multi-Picture Format]] (MPO)
* [[Naïve Image Formats]] (NIE)
* [[NAS]]
* [[NASA Raster Metafile]]
* [[National Imagery Transmission Format]] (NITFS, NITF, .ntf)
* [[NEOchrome]] (.neo)
* [[NEOchrome Master]]
* [[Nero CoverDesigner]] (.ncd, .nct)
* [[Netpbm formats]] (PBM, PGM, PPM, PNM)
* [[NETPIC (Jim Tucker)|NETPIC]]
* [[The Newsroom|Newsroom, The]]
* [[NIFF (Navy Image File Format)]]
* [[NIFF (xloadimage)]]
* [[NIST IHead]] (.pct)
* [[NPZ (Npic)]]
* [[NV12]] (a YUV format)
* [[NXI]]
* [[OpenEXR]] (.exr)
* [[OpenRaster]] (.ora)
* [[OPTIKS COM image]]
* [[Oric HIRES screen]]
* [[OS/2 Bitmap Array]]
* [[OS/2 bitmap family]]
* [[OS/2 Boot Logo]]
* [[OTA bitmap]] (Nokia Over The Air, .otb)
* [[P4I]]
* [[PabloPaint]]
* [[PABX background]]
* [[Paint Magic]]
* [[Paint.NET image]] (.pdn)
* [[Painter RIFF]] (.rif)
** [[Painter PIX]] (.pix)
* [[Painter's Apprentice‎]]
* [[PaintPro]]
* [[PaintShop (Atari ST)]]
* [[PaintShop Pro]] (.psp, .jsl, .pfr, .tub)
* [[PaintTool SAI]]
* [[Paintworks]]
* [[Palette Master]]
* [[Palm bitmap]]
* [[Palm Database ImageViewer]] / FireViewer PDB (.pdb)
* [[Paradox (graphics)]]
* [[PAX (Pick Ax)]]
* [[PCIF]] (.pcf)
* [[PCO B16]]
* [[PCPaint BSAVE]]
* [[PCPaint CLP]]
* [[PCPaint PIC]] (a.k.a. Pictor)
* [[PCR image]]
* [[PCX]] (PC Paintbrush)
* [[PDS]] (NASA Planetary Data System, .img, .imq)
* [[PDS4]]
* [[Pegasus PIC]]
* [[Perfect Pix]]
* [[PFM (Portable Float Map)]]
* [[PFS (Portable Floatmap Stream)]]
* [[PGC (Portfolio Graphics Compressed)]]
* [[PGF (Portfolio Graphics)]]
* [[PGF (Progressive Graphics File)]]
* [[PGX (JPEG 2000)]]
* [[PHM]]
* [[Photo CD]] (.pcd)
* [[PhotoChrome]] (.pcs)
* PhotoDefiner
** [[Compression PhotoDefiner]] (.cpd)
** [[Graphic PhotoDefiner]] (.gpd)
** [[Joint PhotoDefiner]] (.jpd)
* [[PhotoDeluxe]] (.pdd)
* [[PhotoImpact]]
* [[PhotoParade slideshow]] (.php, .4pp)
* [[Photoshop brush]] (.abr)
* [[PhotoSuite Project]] (.pzp)
* [[Pi (image format)|Pi]]
* [[PIC (Yanagisawa)]]
* [[PIC2]]
* [[Picasso 64]] (.p64)
* [[PIC Editor (Andrei Romanov)]]
* [[PictureGear Pocket]]
* [[Picture Packer]]
* [[Picture Publisher]]
* [[PIF (Portable Image Format)]]
* [[PIK]]
* [[PIX (PIcture in teXt)]]
* [[Pixar picture]] (.pxr)
* [[PixArt]]
* [[PixelPaint (SuperMac)]]
* [[Pixel Perfect]]
* [[Pixel Studio (FileStream)]] (.ibw)
* [[Pixia]] (.pxa)
* [[PIXIT]]
* [[Pixlr document]] (*.pxd)
* [[PKI (ImgFun)]]
* [[PKM]]
* [[PL4]]
* [[Plan 9 Image]]
* [[PLD (PhotoLine)]]
* [[PM (XV image)]]
* [[PMG Designer]]
* [[PNG]] (Portable Network Graphics)
* [[PNG Plus]] (Microsoft Picture It!)
* [[Pocket PC Bitmap]] (.2bp)
* [[Portable Arbitrary Map]] (PAM)
* [[Portable Bitmap Format]] (PBF)
* [[Poser Bump Map]] (.bum)
* [[PowerGraphics]]
* [[PRF (Polychrome Recursive Format)]]
* [[Printfox bitmap]]
* [[PrintMaster]]
* [[PrintPartner]] (.gph)
* [[The Print Shop|Print Shop, The]]
* [[Print-Technik]]
* [[Prism Paint]] (.pnt)
* [[PSB]] (Adobe Photoshop, large format)
* [[PSD]] (Adobe Photoshop)
* [[PSF (PhotoStudio)]]
** [[Arcsoft Album/Slide Show]]
* [[Psion PIC]]
* [[PTG]] (ArtRage)
* [[Public Painter]]
* [[Puzzle image (X11)]]
* [[PVR Texture]]
* [[PWC (Piecewise-Constant Image Model)]]
* [[PWG Raster]]
* [[PXM (Pixelmator)]]
* [[Q0]]
* [[QDV (Giffer)]]
* [[QOIR]]
* [[QRT Ray Tracer bitmap]]
* [[QTIF]] (QuickTime image file, .qif)
* [[QTL]] (YUV SECAM or PAL image)
* [[Quake 2 Texture]] (.wal)
* [[Quantel VPB image]]
* [[QuantumPaint]] (.pbx)
* [[Quite OK Image Format]] (.qoi)
* [[Radiance HDR]] (RGBE, XYZE, .hdr, .pic)
* [[RAG-D]]
* [[Rainbow Painter]]
* [[RAMbrandt]]
* [[Raster Master RAW]]
* [[Raw bitmap]]
* [[RDIB]]
* [[REKO Cardset]]
* [[Rembrandt]]
* [[RGB Intermediate Format]]
* [[RGFX]]
* [[RLA]] (Wavefront)
* [[RLI]] (RealWorld)
* [[Rocky Interlace Picture]]
* [[RUN Paint]]
* [[SAMAR Hires Interlace]]
* [[SAM Coupé Mode 4]]
* [[Saracen Paint]] (.sar)
* [[SBIG CCDOPS image]]
* [[Scitex CT]]
* [[SCR (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[ScreenShot Hack]]
* [[Seattle FilmWorks]] (.sfw, .pwp)
* [[Secret Photos puzzle]] (.xp0)
* [[Segmented Hypergraphics]] (.shg, .mrb)
* [[Separations output format]]
* [[Serif PhotoPlus]] (.spp)
* [[SGI (image file format)|SGI]] (IRIS, RGB)
* [[SGX]] (SView Graphics, SuperView Graphics)
* [[SHP (Loadstar)]]
* [[Signum! Compressed Image (IMC)]]
* [[Sinbad Slideshow]]
* [[Sinclair QL screen]]
* [[Sixel]]
* [[Sketch-PadDles]]
* [[SlideShow for VBXE]]
* [[Slow-scan television]] (.hrz)
* [[Softimage PIC]]
* [[Sony PictureGear Studio]]
* [[Spaceward Graphics]] / Satori (.r, .rir)
* [[Spectrum 512 Extended‎]] (.spx)
* [[Spectrum 512 formats]] (.spu, .spc, .sps)
* [[SPIF]]
* [[SPIFF]] (Still Picture Interchange File Format)
* [[Spooky Sprites]]
* [[Sprite Master]]
* [[SpritePad]]
* [[STAD PAC]]
* [[Standard Archive Format]] (military missile data format that includes images among other data)
* [[Standard Graphics 3 (Atari)]]
* [[Starbase bitmap file‎]]
* [[Star Painter‎]]
* [[STiNG]] (.stn)
* [[STL (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Stop Press Canvas]]
* [[Storyboard PIC/CAP]]
* [[STOS memory bank]] (.mbk)
* [[Structured Fax File]] (.sff)
* [[Sun Raster]] (.ras, .sun)
* [[Sun TAAC image]]
* [[Super IRG]]
* [[SXG (ZX Spectrum)]]
* [[Syberia Texture]] (.syj)
* [[SymbOS graphic]] (.sgx)
* [[Synthetic Arts]]
* [[Synu]] (Synthetic Universe)
* [[TAP (Tencent)]]
* [[Taquart Interlace Picture]]
* [[TealPaint]]
* [[Technicolor Dream]]
* [[TelePaint/Splash graphics]] (.ss)
* [[Texture Maker0]]
* [[TG4 (Image Machines)]]
* [[TGA]] (Truevision Targa image)
* [[TIFF]] (Tagged Image File Format)
* [[TIFF/EP]]
* [[TIFF-FX]]
* [[TIFF/IT]]
* [[TilePic]]
* [[Tilez texture]]
* [[TIM (PlayStation graphics)]]
* [[TIM2]]
* [[Tiny Stuff]]
* [[TI picture file]]
* [[Title-Maker]]
* [[TkImg RAW]]
* [[TLG (KiriKiri)|TLG]] (associated with [[KiriKiri Adventure Game System]])
* [[Tobias Richter Fullscreen Slideshow]] (.pci)
* [[Tricolor RGB]]
* [[True Paint I]]
* [[Trzmiel]]
* [[TXS]]
* [[Unirast]] (Apple AirPrint)
* [[UPX/TPX (Photo Express)]]
* [[Utah RLE]]
* [[Valve Texture Format]] (.vtf)
* [[VBM (VDC BitMap)]]
* [[VEGX]]
* [[VertiZontal Interlacing]]
* [[Verity Image]] (.vif)
* [[V.Flash PTX]]
* [[VGAPaint 386 COM Program]]
* [[VGAPaint 386 PCX Self-Extracting Picture]]
* [[VICAR]]
* [[Vidcom 64]] (.vid)
* [[VIFF]] (Khoros Visualization, .xv)
* [[VIPS]] (.v)
* [[Vidig Paint]]
* [[Vista data file]]
* [[VITec]]
* [[Vivid IMG]]
* [[VORT file]]
* [[WBMP]] (Wireless Bitmap)
* [[WebP]]
* [[WebP 2]]
* [[Webshots picture]] (.wbz, .wb1, .wbd, .wbc, .wbp)
* [[WGT Block]]
* [[WGT Sprite]]
* [[WhyPic]] (.ypc)
* [[Wigmore Artist 64]]
* [[Windows clipboard]] (.clp)
* [[Windows DDB]]
* [[WinFax Fax Image]]
* [[WinFax Cover Page]]
* [[WinMiPS]]
* [[Winzle Puzzle]]
* [[Wiz Solitaire]]
* [[WLM]] (also known as CompW)
* [[WOBA]] (bitmap data extracted from a [[HyperCard stack]])
* [[Word for DOS screen capture]] (.scr)
* [[WPB (openCanvas)]]
* [[WSQ]]
* [[XBM]] (X BitMap)
* [[XCF]] (GIMP image)
* [[Xerox Doodle brush]]
* [[Xerox EDMICS-MMR]]
* [[Xerox EDMICS-RLC]]
* [[XGA (Falcon)]]
* [[XIFF]]
* [[Xim]]
* [[XLD4]] (.q4)
* [[XL-Paint]]
* [[XPM]] (X PixMap)
* [[XWD]] (X Window Dump)
* [[XYZ (RPG Maker)]]
* [[xRes]] (.lrg)
* [[YBM]] (Bennet Yee's face format)
* [[Young Picasso]] (.yp)
* [[Zeiss BIVAS]]
* [[Zoomify PFF]]
* [[Zoomify ZIF]]
* [[Zpng]]
* [[ZX-Paintbrush]]
* [[ZXpaintyONE‎]]
* [[ZZ ROUGH]]

== Skins / Themes ==
''(Used to give custom styles, appearances, and themes to software; might be bundled with [[#Icon, Cursor, and Avatar files|Icon, Cursor, and Avatar files]] consistent with the theme)''
* [[BootSkin Vista]]
* [[BootSkin XP]]
* [[eRocket Skin]] (.skn)
* [[Huawei Theme]] (.hwt)
* [[Microsoft Comic Chat]]
* [[Nokia Theme]] (.nth)
* [[Pocket PC Theme]] (.tsk)
* [[Sony Ericsson Theme]] (.thm)
* [[Stardock Tiles Skin]]
* [[Winamp Skin]]
* [[Windows Media Player Skin Package]] (.wmz)
* [[Winstep Xtreme theme]]
** [[Winstep Workshelf theme]]
** [[Nextstart theme]]

== Software ==
''(Applications, utilities, libraries, and APIs for graphic manipulation)''

Refer to [[Graphics software]].

== Vector Graphics Formats ==
''(Including most "metafile" formats. Vector formats often support embedded raster images, and other objects that aren't actually vectors.)''

* [[2DL]] (ARCHICAD 2D Lines)
* [[Acorn Draw]]
* [[Adobe Illustrator Artwork]] (.ai)
* [[Adobe Illustrator Exchange]] (.aix)
* [[Affinity Designer]] (.afdesign)
* [[Amiga Metafile]] (.amf)
* [[AniST]] (.scr, .str)
* [[Applixware Graphics]]
* [[ArtPro]] (.ap)
* [[Arts & Letters clip art library]] (.yal)
* [[Arts & Letters graphics file]] (.ged)
* [[ArtWorks]]
* [[AutoCAD Slide]]
* [[AutoCAD Slide Library]]
* [[AutoSketch]] (.skd)
* [[Calamus Vector Graphic]] (.cvg)
* [[CCX (Corel)]]
* [[CGM]] (Computer Graphics Metafile)
* [[CMX]] (Corel Presentation Exchange)
* [[CorelChart]] (.cch)
* [[Corel Designer]] (.des)
* [[CorelDRAW]] (.cdr, .cdx, .cdt)
* [[Corel Gallery]] (.bmf)
* [[CorelMOSAIC library]] (.clb, .clh)
* [[DataDiagrammingML]] (Microsoft XML-based format)
* [[DeskMate Draw]] (.fig)
* [[Dia]]
* [[DR2D]]
* [[DrawingML]] (Microsoft embedded graphics in XML Office formats)
* [[DrawIt]]
* [[DrawPlus]]
* [[DrawStudio]] (Amiga)
* [[DRAWX Vector Graphics]] (.vec)
* [[Embedded Vector Editor]] (.eve)
* [[Encapsulated PostScript]] (.eps, .epsf, .epsi)
* [[Enhanced Metafile]] (.emf)
* [[ER Mapper Vector]] (.erv)
* [[Expression Design]] (.xpr, .design)
* [[Fig]] (Xfig format)
* [[FreeHand]] (Aldus/Adobe)
* [[FXG]]
* [[GEM VDI Metafile]] (GEM Vector, VDI, .GDI)
* [[Gerber format]] (used in printed circuit design)
* [[The Graphics Magician Picture Painter|Graphics Magician Picture Painter, The]]
* [[GST ART]] (.art)
* [[Haiku Vector Icon Format]]
* [[Harvard Graphics]]
* [[IconVG]]
* [[In-A-Vision]] (.pic)
* [[KwikDraw]] (.kwk)
* [[LEONARD's Sketch]]
* [[Lotus 1-2-3 Chart]] (.pic)
* [[MacDraw]] (later ClarisDraw)
* [[Mayura Draw]] (.md, .pdx)
* [[mDraw (S. Mike Dierken)]]
* [[Micrografx Draw]]
* [[Microsoft Office Drawing]]
* [[MIX (PhotoDraw)]]
* [[MVG]]
* [[MyDraw]] (.ndx, .ndb, .ndtx, .nlx, .nlb)
* [[NAPLPS]] (North American Presentation Layer Protocol Syntax)
* [[NeoDraw]]
* [[Notability]]
* [[ObjectGraphics OGL]]
* [[OpenDocument Drawing]] (.odg)
* [[PDL (Trionum)]]
* [[Picroma Plasma]]
* [[PICT]] (Macintosh graphics)
* [[Pixie (vector graphics)|Pixie]] (.pxi)
* [[PLOT-10]] (Tektronix)
* [[Precision Graphics Markup Language]] (PGML)
* [[Presentation Manager Metafile]] (MET)
* [[Print Artist]] (.gfx) (also known as Instant Artist)
* [[Professional Draw]]
* [[ProShape]]
* [[PWDraw]]
* Satori Canvas (.cvs) - See [[Spaceward Graphics]]
* [[Scalable Vector Graphics]] (SVG)
* [[SDA (StarOffice)]]
* [[SDW (AmiDraw)]]
* [[Shapefile]]
* [[Simple Vector Format]] (SVF)
* [[sK1]]
* [[Skencil SK]]
* [[Sketch]]
* [[SXD]]
* [[Sxz]] (hybrid vector/raster)
* [[TIFF annotation data]]
* [[TinyVG]]
* [[Top Draw]] (.tdr)
* [[UNIX Plot Format]]
* [[Visio]] (.vsd, .vss, .vst)
* [[VML]] (Vector Markup Language)
* [[Windows Metafile]] (.wmf)
* [[WinDraw (John D. Keene)]]
* [[WordPerfect Graphics]] (.wpg)
* [[Xar (vector graphics)|Xar]] (Flare)
* [[XVT-Draw]]
* [[ZBR (Zoner Zebra)]]
* [[ZMF (Zoner)]]
See also:
* [[3D and CAD/CAM Models]]
* [[Diagramming and flowcharting]]
* [[Machine Embroidery]]

== Miscellaneous or Uncategorized ==
''(Formats which don't fit into another category, or still need to be categorized)''

* [[AAE sidecar format]] (Apple iOS 8 / OS X Yosemite)
* [[ABBYY Finereader]]
* [[Adobe Acrobat Capture]] (.acd)
* [[Anaglyph 3D format]]
* [[Aperture library]]
* [[Apple Preferred]] (APF)
* [[ART (Build Engine ART)]]
* [[BodyPaint 3D]] (Maxon: .b3d)
* [[Chyron]]
* Deep Zoom
** [[Deep Zoom image]] (.dzi)
** [[Smart Zoom Image]] (.szi)
* [[DeltaVision]] (medical microscopy format)
* [[Fineprint]] (.fp)
* [[Garc archive]]
* [[HDF]] (Hierarchical Data Format)
* [[ImageLab/PrintTechnic]]
* [[Kai's Power Tools]]
* [[kitty graphics protocol]] [https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/graphics-protocol/]
* [[KONTRON]] (embedded-systems company; apparently has graphic format of its own)
* [[Liberty IM]]
* [[Lightroom catalog]] (.lrcat)
* [[Manga Studio]]
* [[Media Pro]] (.ivc, .mpcatalog)
* [[MonkeyCard]]
* [[NeatReceipts]] (.nrx, .nrf, .nrt)
* [[Nintendo Wii TPL]]
* [[Nova AEX]] (.aex)
* [[OmniForm]]
* [[OmniPage]]
* [[PaperPort (MAX)]]
* [[Piskel canvas]]
* [[QDV (Random Dot Software)]]
* [[RMC]]
* [[Second Nature Screensaver Graphic]] (.snx)
* [[Shoot 'Em Up Construction Kit]]
* [[StarOffice Gallery]]
* [[StartupScreen]] (Macintosh SCRN, .scrn?)
* [[tldraw]] (.tldr)
* [[Turbo Rascal Syntax Error]]

==Links and Resources==
* [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/the-never-before-told-story-of-the-worlds-first-computer-art-its-a-sexy-dame/267439/ World's first computer art (1950s pinup image)]
* [http://www.wired.com/underwire/2013/05/star-trek-art-atoms-ibm Art created with atoms]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/xga.pro XGA: A New Graphics Standard]
* [http://www.jagregory.com/abrash-black-book/ Michael Abrash’s Graphics Programming Black Book, Special Edition]
* [http://www.squarespace.com/logo Squarespace logo designer tool] (Want a logo for a silly dot-com company you're starting? Create one here!)
* [http://freshome.com/2014/02/27/unconventional-pixel-furniture-adding-intrigue-modern-rooms/ Unconventional Pixel Furniture Adding Intrigue to Modern Rooms]
* [http://skeptools.wordpress.com/2014/03/03/viral-photos-debunked-animal-rights-google-tineye-image-search/ See how to debunk viral photos in seconds using image search]
* [http://boingboing.net/2014/03/12/gettys-free-image-embedding.html Getty's free image embedding comes at a price]
* [http://addyosmani.com/blog/image-optimization-tools/ Image optimization tools]
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/stillimg.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Still Image Works]
* [http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=2245 The Most Famous Image in the Early History of Computing]
* [http://ianmilligan.ca/2014/07/21/image-file-extensions-in-the-wide-web-scrape/ Image File Extensions in the Wide Web Scrape]
* [http://questionsomething.wordpress.com/2012/07/26/databending-using-audacity-effects/ Databending effects of editing images with a sound editor]
* [http://bertolami.com/index.php?engine=blog&content=posts&detail=perceptual-hashing Perceptual Hashing]
* [http://8bitartwork.co.uk/ Retrospecs: iOS app to convert images to imitate old 8-bit systems' graphics]
* [http://alvyray.com/Memos/CG/Microsoft/6_pixel.pdf A Pixel Is Not A Little Square]
* [http://literarymachin.es/deepzoom-osd-server/ Serve deepzoom images from a zip archive with openseadragon]
* [http://creativeshory.com/know-use-image-file-types-jpeg-gif-png/ Know When to Use Image File Types: JPEG, GIF & PNG]
* [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27974945/can-we-programatically-compare-different-images-of-same-resolutions/27976171#27976171 Can we programatically compare different images of same resolutions?]
* [http://www.webdesigndev.com/freebies/best-color-palette-tools 20 Best Color Palette Tools for Web and Graphic Designers]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tfh0ytz8S0k How "oldschool" graphics worked, Part 1] · [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rsycfDliZU Part 2] (videos)
* [http://ninedegreesbelow.com/photography/xyz-rgb.html Completely Painless Programmer's Guide to XYZ, RGB, ICC, xyY, and TRCs]
* [http://potrace.sourceforge.net/ Potrace: Transforming bitmaps into vector graphics]
* [http://cloudinary.com/blog/one_pixel_is_worth_three_thousand_words About a 1x1 image in many file formats]
* [http://tomseditor.com/ Tom's Editor: Free online image converted. About 500 formats supported]
* [http://whatis.rest7.com/ WhatIs.Rest7: Image formats explained. Lots of samples]
* [http://de77.com/find/image Image libraries for PHP: BMP, DDS, TGA, PNM, PGM, PBM]
* [http://whatis.rest7.com/Atari Lots of images from Atari]

Electronic Arts MAD

2024-04-22T20:52:57Z

Shio:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Video
|extensions={{ext|mad}}
}}
'''Electronic Arts MAD''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games, such as various [[Need for Speed]] games.

=== Header Block ===

Block IDs:'''MADk''', '''MADm''', '''MADe'''

== Samples ==

* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/ea-mad/

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Electronic Arts MPC

2024-04-22T20:49:45Z

Shio:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Video
|extensions={{ext|mpc}}
}}
'''Electronic Arts MPC''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games, mostly for PlayStation 2 console. MPC files may also be saved in the Electronic Arts MPCh format.

== Samples ==

* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/ea-mpc/

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Electronic Arts MPC

2024-04-22T20:47:04Z

Shio:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Unknown
|extensions={{ext|mpc}}
}}
'''Electronic Arts MPC''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games, mostly for PlayStation 2 console. MPC files are just a containers for various formats.

== Samples ==

* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/ea-mpc/

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Electronic Arts CMV

2024-04-22T20:42:03Z

Shio: CMV files are just video files

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Video
|extensions={{ext|cmv}}
}}
'''Electronic Arts CMV''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games such as NHL 95.

== Samples ==

* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/ea-cmv/

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Electronic Arts TGV

2024-04-22T20:33:36Z

Shio: TGV files are just video files

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Video
|extensions={{ext|tgv}}
}}
'''Electronic Arts TGV''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games.

=== Header Block ===

Block IDs:'''kVGT''', '''fVGT''', '''TGVk''', '''TGVf'''

== Sample files ==
* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/ea-tgv/
* {{DexvertSamples|audio/eaSEAD}}

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Electronic Arts WVE

2024-04-22T20:24:41Z

Shio: WVE files may contain both audio and video

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Video
|extensions={{ext|wve}}
}}
'''Electronic Arts WVE''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games.

A WVE file may also be a variant of Texture Quantized Image (TQI) codec.

== See also ==

* [[Electronic Arts TQI]]

== Samples ==

* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/ea-wve/

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Sibelius

2024-04-11T16:08:21Z

Shio: /* See also */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|sib}}, {{ext|si7}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/696}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000609}}
|type code={{Type Code|SIBL}}
|magic={{magic|"\x0fSIBELIUS"}}
}}

== Overview ==

'''Sibelius''' is the name of a series of applications for music typesetting, initially developed for RISC OS ([[RISC OS filetype|file type]] DE0, Sibelius) and later for Mac OS X and Windows.

The file format for the RISC OS versions (Sibelius 6 and 7) differs from that used on the other platforms. Traditionally, files from those versions have been given an .si7 file extension, imported into the later versions, and saved with an .sib extension.

Files produced on current versions of the product are encrypted using an unspecified algorithm.[https://www.scoringnotes.com/news/dorico-is-here-a-review/#comment-31113][http://lilypond.1069038.n5.nabble.com/FW-L-Peter-Deutsch-Exporting-Sibelius-data-td18629.html] It's most likely impossible to read Sibelius files without reverse engineering the Sibelius software, which may violate the EULA.

Some files appear to contain several headers throughout their contents. These are connected via tables of file addresses that can be used to construct a tree of data nodes for each file.

==Sample Files==
* [https://zimmer.fresnostate.edu/~sasanr/Music/My-Sibelius-Files/My-Sibelius-Files.htm Sample Sibelius 3 files]
* [https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/images/7/7a/ Various Scores]

== Resources ==

* [https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/ChoralWiki:Sibelius] - information about the different versions of Sibelius for various platforms
* [https://wiki.dpconline.org/images/d/d9/Sibelius_Assessment_v1.0.pdf] - Sibelius Preservation Assessment from the British Library
* [https://www.sibelius.com/cgi-bin/helpcenter/chat/chat.pl?com=thread&start=721850&groupid=3&&guest=1#721861 Identifying Sibelius file versions] [https://www.sibelius.com/cgi-bin/helpcenter/chat/chat.pl?com=thread&start=687018&groupid=3&&guest=1#747466 2]
* [https://bobzawalich.com/get-saved-sibelius-version-application/ Get Saved Sibelius Version]
* [https://resources.avid.com/SupportFiles/Sibelius/2020.1/Sibelius_Reference.pdf#page=115 Sibelius compatibility notes]

== See also ==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibelius_(scorewriter) Sibelius software on Wikipedia]

[[Category:RISC OS]]

Sibelius

2024-04-11T16:05:59Z

Shio:

Micronas SC4

2024-04-09T19:21:34Z

Shio: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Audio and Music |extensions={{ext|wav}}, {{ext|pcm}} }} '''Micronas Intermetall MI-SC4''' is an audio codec, used for low-sampling-..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|wav}}, {{ext|pcm}}
}}
'''Micronas Intermetall MI-SC4''' is an audio codec, used for low-sampling-rate audio data. It was being also used by voice recorders such as RadioShack Digital Recorder and I-O DATA HyperHyde.

== Software ==
* [[FFmpeg]]

== Links ==

* [https://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php/Micronas_SC4 Multimedia Wiki article]
* [http://samples.mplayerhq.hu/A-codecs/Micronas%20SC4/ Sample files]

Theora

2024-04-09T19:08:08Z

Shio: Theora 1.0 alpha has been the first public release from 2003

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Video
|extensions={{ext|ogg}}, {{ext|ogv}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/945}}
|released=2003
}}
'''Theora''' is a compressed video stream format. It is often used with the [[Ogg]] container format, resulting in a file format called '''Ogg Theora'''.

== Identification ==
A Theora bitstream begins with the byte {{magic|0x80}}, followed by ASCII "{{magic|theora}}". This signature will appear somewhere in most any kind of file containing Theora video.

A simple Ogg Theora file begins with "{{magic|OggS}}", and has the Theora signature at offset 28. But the signature will appear later in an Ogg Skeleton (video+audio) file that uses Theora.

== Specifications ==
* [https://theora.org/doc/Theora.pdf Theora Specification]
See also [[Ogg#Specifications]].

== Software ==
* [[VLC]]
* [https://www.theora.org/downloads/ libtheora]

== Sample files ==
* https://samples.ffmpeg.org/ogg/Theora/
* {{DexvertSamples|video/oggTheoraVideo}}

== Links ==
* [https://www.theora.org/ theora.org]
* [[Wikipedia: Theora]]

WaveGL

2024-03-18T15:49:03Z

Shio: /* Other links */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=Languages
|subcat=Programming Languages
}}
'''WaveGL''' is a programming language designed for sounds, based on [[OpenGL Shading Language]] (a programming language for graphics), which in turn has a syntax based on [[C]]. It lets you set up mathematical functions which are rendered as audio.

There appears to be a different "Wave-GL" programming language described in Dr. Dobbs Journal in 1996, which is a similar concept (using mathematical functions to generate computer audio) but with a different syntax.

== Sample files ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20191225081115/http://greweb.me/wavegl/?example=hello_world Example files "in action"] (warning: starts playing sound immediately when you load pages!)

== Other links ==
* [https://github.com/gre/wavegl WaveGL Github]
* [http://www.drdobbs.com/database/speech-research-with-wave-gl/184409996 1996 Dr. Dobbs article on Wave-GL]
* [http://chirp.rezoner.net/ Rezoner, Chirp Composer]
* [http://www.wavepot.com/ Wavepot]

[[Category:Audio and Music]]

BGA Archive

2024-02-11T22:18:11Z

Shio: Added IZArc 3.2

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|bza}}, {{ext|gza}}
|released=≤2005
}}
'''BGA Archive''' is a family of compressed archive formats. It seems to be a kind of container format used to turn a single-file compression format into a multi-file format.

There are two known members of the BGA family:
* '''BZA''', presumably based on [[bzip2]]
* '''GZA''', presumably based on [[Gzip]]

The origin of BGA is undetermined, but it might be native to IZArc. The IZArc change log says that BGA format was added in version 3.2.

== Identification ==
BZA files have bytes {{magic|42 5a 32 00}} ("<code>BZ2</code>"...) at offset 4.

GZA files have bytes {{magic|47 5a 49 50}} ("<code>GZIP</code>") at offset 4.

Better identification might be possible. More research needed.

== Software ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040608153932/http://starstuff.future.easyspace.com/IZArc32.exe IZArc 3.2]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031016125736/http://www.splenetic-spoons.com/izarc/IZArc32.exe IZArc 3.2] (another link)
* [https://www.izarc.org/ IZArc] (read/write) (latest)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130228190316/http://www.quickzip.org/quickzip51.msi QuickZip 5.1] (archived)

IZE

2024-02-11T22:15:47Z

Shio: Added IZArc 3.3

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Encryption
|extensions={{ext|ize}}
|released=≤2005
}}
'''.ize''' is an encrypted file format presumably native to IZArc, an archiving application.

The documentation implies that it uses the [[AES]]-256 cipher.

The change log says that encryption was added in IZArc version 3.3.

== Identification ==
Unknown. Some degree of heuristic identification might be possible by looking at the first few bytes, and the last 256 bytes.

== Software ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040407140741/http://www.splenetic-spoons.com/izarc/IZArc33.exe IZArc 3.3]
* [https://www.izarc.org/ IZArc] (latest)

BGA Archive

2024-02-11T22:12:45Z

Shio: Added QuickZip

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|bza}}, {{ext|gza}}
|released=≤2005
}}
'''BGA Archive''' is a family of compressed archive formats. It seems to be a kind of container format used to turn a single-file compression format into a multi-file format.

There are two known members of the BGA family:
* '''BZA''', presumably based on [[bzip2]]
* '''GZA''', presumably based on [[Gzip]]

The origin of BGA is undetermined, but it might be native to IZArc. The IZArc change log says that BGA format was added in version 3.2.

== Identification ==
BZA files have bytes {{magic|42 5a 32 00}} ("<code>BZ2</code>"...) at offset 4.

GZA files have bytes {{magic|47 5a 49 50}} ("<code>GZIP</code>") at offset 4.

Better identification might be possible. More research needed.

== Software ==
* [https://www.izarc.org/ IZArc] (read/write)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130228190316/http://www.quickzip.org/quickzip51.msi QuickZip 5.1] (archived)

Content Scramble System

2024-02-11T21:06:19Z

Shio: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Encryption
|released=1996
}}
'''Content Scramble System''' is "the other CSS"; unlike [[Cascading Style Sheets]], which help make [[Web]] sites more attractive and adaptable, this CSS helps make [[DVD]]s ''less'' usable and adaptable, by imposing encrypted [[Digital Rights Management|protection]] to attempt to prevent the use of their content anywhere the content owners would prefer it not be used, such as in players for open-source operating systems, or user-friendly devices letting their users get around non-skippable ads or play discs outside the country they were released.

CSS was introduced in 1996, and in 1999 the unauthorized CSS decrypting program DeCSS was released by "hackers", raising the question, "What took the hackers so long?" DeCSS provoked a large flurry of legal cases, the end result of which being the complete suppression of the program to make it absolutely impossible to find subsequently... only kidding; it has been all over the Internet ever since its creation, regardless of its legal status. The essential parts of its code (including the encryption key) are compact enough to fit on a T-shirt, and in fact, T-shirts and other merchandise containing it were actually made.

== Software ==
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20220627062101/https://web.cs.dal.ca/~hannon/decss.c DeCSS source code (archived)]

== Other links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Content Scramble System|Wikipedia article (CSS)]]
* [[Wikipedia:DeCSS|Wikipedia article (DeCSS)]]
* [http://www.dvdcca.org/css.aspx CSS official website]
* [http://www.tinyted.net/eddie/css.html CSS technical description]
* [https://archive.org/details/MacrovisionAnalysisOfRecentDVDDeCSSHackNovember151999 Macrovision analysis of DeCSS "hack"] (1999-11-15)
* [http://dvd-copy.blogspot.com/2005/08/dvd-content-scrambling-system.html CSS explained]
* [http://www.lemuria.org/DeCSS/ DeCSS Central]

[[Category:Digital Rights Management]]

BlakHole

2024-02-11T14:07:16Z

Shio: added UltimateZip

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|bh}}
}}
'''BlakHole''' (or '''BH''') is a fairly obscure compressed archive format supported by a handful of multi-format archiving programs. It's a proprietary format from the ZipTV Compression Components -- a library for [[Delphi]].

A self-extracting "BH SFX" format also exists.

== Identification ==
BH files start with ASCII "{{magic|BH}}".

BH files are observed to start with the byte pattern {{magic|'B' 'H' 0x05 0x07 ?? 0x00 0x25}}, but it's unclear how reliable this is.

== Programs supporting this format ==
* [https://www.powerarchiver.com/en-us/ PowerArchiver]
* LS Archiver, by Linos Software: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130923160435/http://www.linos-software.com/archiver.html archived website] · [https://download.cnet.com/LS-Archiver/3000-2250_4-10417336.html CNET Download]
* [https://www.izarc.org/ IZArc]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190930042635/https://www.ultimatezip.com/ UltimateZip]

== Sample files ==
* [https://www.dan.info/sampledata/test.bh test.bh]

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180725072817/http://www.ziptv.com/ztvaf.htm ZipTV Archive Filter (archived)]
* [https://fileinfo.com/extension/bh FileInfo.com page on BH]

Cool Edit / Audition Multi Track Session file

2024-01-08T17:07:07Z

Shio: ses2sesx is not free

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|ses}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q27959833}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/1498}}
}}
Multi Track Session file for [[Audition]] and [[Cool Edit]] to save multi track sessions.

==File Information==
The file itself does not contain audio data but rather settings of a multi track session such as number of tracks, wave position, amplification, equalizing, effects, etc.

Cool Edit was bought by Adobe in 2003 and renamed to Audition used the .SES binary format until CS5.5, then switch to the [[Audition|.SESX]] format.

===Format Identification===
.SES files begin with the ascii {{magic|COOLNESS}} for the first 8 bytes

==Sample Files==
* [ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/audition/Sessions/ Adobe FTP with sample sessions]

== External links ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Audition Wikipedia Adobe Audition]
* http://www.sonorus.com/cooledit/cooledit.html
* [https://www.aatranslator.com.au/ses2sesx.html SES to SESX converter] (not free, available to buy via Adobe Exchange)
* http://filext.com/file-extension/SES
* http://www.fileinfo.com/extension/ses

Steganosaurus

2023-10-29T15:43:27Z

Shio: Created page with "Steganosaurus might refer to * Steganosaurus (stego), early steganography software for DOS * Steganosaurus (ray0), written in JavaScript * [[Steganosaurus (duongntbk)]..."

Steganosaurus might refer to
* [[Steganosaurus (stego)]], early steganography software for DOS
* [[Steganosaurus (ray0)]], written in JavaScript
* [[Steganosaurus (duongntbk)]], written in Python
* [[Steganosaurus (uncompiled)]], mostly written in Go programming language

{{disambiguation}}

Sony Mavica 411

2023-10-04T17:19:07Z

Shio: Corrected links

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|411}}
|released=≤1998
}}
'''Sony Mavica .411 format''' is a thumbnail image format produced by Sony Mavica cameras. It is a [[raw bitmap]] format, with no headers or identifying information. The image is always 64×48 pixels, and uses YUV color.

The .411 extension is probably derived from the 4:1:1 style of chroma subsampling.

== Identification ==
"411" files are exactly 4608 bytes in size. Apparently, the filename often starts with "MVC-".

== Software ==
* [[Konvertor]]
* [[Netpbm]]: 411toppm
* [[XnView]]
* [https://geocities.ws/mikeyshivas/javica.html Javica] [http://web.archive.org/web/20021030171750/http://www.geocities.com/siliconvalley/hills/3140/javica.html 2]

* [http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~sla/411toppm.html Sony Mavica 411 to PPM file converter] (origin of Netpbm's 411toppm)

== Sample files ==
* http://www.asciipr0n.com/~drew/mavica/
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100613235658/http://chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/clc/MISC/new%20building%20pix/ Index containing .411 files]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180723030917/https://edresources.wikispaces.com/file/view/MVC-004S.411 MVC-004S.411]

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Sony Mavica|Wikipedia: Sony Mavica]]

[[Category:Cameras and Digital Image Sensors]]
[[Category:Sony]]

Sony Mavica 411

2023-10-04T17:11:04Z

Shio: Replaced with geocities.ws link

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|411}}
|released=≤1998
}}
'''Sony Mavica .411 format''' is a thumbnail image format produced by Sony Mavica cameras. It is a [[raw bitmap]] format, with no headers or identifying information. The image is always 64×48 pixels, and uses YUV color.

The .411 extension is probably derived from the 4:1:1 style of chroma subsampling.

== Identification ==
"411" files are exactly 4608 bytes in size. Apparently, the filename often starts with "MVC-".

== Software ==
* [[Konvertor]]
* [[Netpbm]]: 411toppm
* [[XnView]]
* [https://geocities.ws/mikeyshivas/javica.html Javica] [http://web.archive.org/web/20021030171750/http://www.geocities.com/siliconvalley/hills/3140/javica.html 2]

* [http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~sla/411toppm.html Sony Mavica 411 to PPM file converter] (origin of Netpbm's 411toppm)

== Sample files ==
* http://www.asciipr0n.com/~drew/mavica/
* http://www.chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/clc/MISC/new%20building%20pix/
* http://fhswolvesden.wikispaces.com/file/detail/MVC-095F.411
* http://edresources.wikispaces.com/file/detail/MVC-004S.411

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Sony Mavica|Wikipedia: Sony Mavica]]

[[Category:Cameras and Digital Image Sensors]]
[[Category:Sony]]

Canon RAW 2

2023-10-04T14:45:55Z

Shio:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|released=2001
|extensions={{ext|cr2}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/592}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q27866048}}
}}
'''Canon RAW 2''' ('''CR2''') is a raw image format used by Canon cameras. It replaced [[Camera Image File Format|CRW]], starting with the 20D, 350D/Digital Rebel Xt and 1D. It was replaced by [[Canon RAW 3]].

== Organization ==
Canon CR2 files are TIFF files. All is organised in a TIFF / IFD file.

On of the differentiation with the CR2 files is that they have a header before the IFD0. This does not violate the TIFF spec.

{|
! '''offset''' !! '''length''' !! '''description'''
|-
| 0 || 8 || TIFF header
|-
| 8 || 2 || literal 'CR'
|-
| 10 || 1 || major version (2)
|-
| 11 || 1 || minor version (0)
|-
| 12 || 4 || (long) for the offset of the IFD3 that contain the RAW data. (in the TIFF byte order)
|}

Exif is attached to the ExifIFD of IFD0. The CFA data is in IFD3.

== Compression ==
Canon CR2 files use the old original [[Lossless JPEG (original)|Lossless JPEG]] standard for the RAW data. The same used by [[DNG|Adobe DNG]].

Source: http://www.adobeforums.com/cgi-bin/webx/.3bc36454/0 (link dead)

The width dimension specified in the JPEG stream is actually half the reality because it takes into account 2 channels per sample (the dimension of the CFA pattern).

350D, 5D and 30D files have a different layout. IFD3 (where the CFA is located) has the tag 0xc640 that contains 3 SHORT. 1, x, y. x is the number of column of the first "slice" of the image, y is for the second "slice".''' I don't know what the 1 mean.'''

The slicing means that the output scanlines have to be reorganised as they are shorter to have a top -> bottom then left -> right, a bit like columns of text. (TODO: do a nice diagram)

== Modified files ==
Apparently Canon's proprietary software modifies the RAW file. Other proprietary software seems to choke on said modified files (https://web.archive.org/web/20150512011452/http://www.prophotohome.com/forum/raw-photo-processing-software-technique/62864-cr2-raws-converted-dpp-won-t-open-aperture.html).

ExifTool has some info:
* http://www.cpanforum.com/threads/1055
* http://www.cpanforum.com/threads/5170

== Sample files ==
* https://telparia.com/fileFormatSamples/image/cr2/

== References ==
* http://lclevy.free.fr/cr2/
* http://web.archive.org/web/20061125031802/http://crousseau.free.fr/imgfmt_raw.htm (in French, by one of the developers of DxO) - Using the wayback machine !
* [https://github.com/lclevy/libcraw2/blob/master/docs/cr2_poster.pdf CR2 format documentation poster]
* [https://twitter.com/lorenzo2472/status/536569538083844098/photo/1 Format poster image]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20140219063611/http://wildtramper.com/sw/cr2/cr2.html Canon's CR2 Raw File Format Specification]

[[Category:TIFF]]

DSD

2023-10-03T17:30:14Z

Shio: /* Other links */

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|dsf}}, {{ext|dff}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q1227499}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000230}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/1817}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/1818}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|audio/x-dsf}}, {{mimetype|audio/x-dff}}
}}
'''DSD''' (Direct Stream Digital) is a Sony/Philips audio format consisting of uncompressed audio at an extremely high sample rate. Related to [[SACD|Super AudioCD]] format. Its files are really really large, but audiophiles claim they sound much better than the lower-sample-rate, compressed files of other formats. Some question this, on the grounds of the quality differences being at a level well beyond the ability of the human ear to discern.

There is a "DSD Disc" format for use on discs, as well as a DSD Interchange File Format (DSDIFF) for downloads. There are apparently two variant download formats, with the extensions .dsf and .dff, where the main difference is that the .dsf format can hold metadata in addition to audio data.

== Specs ==
* [http://www.sonicstudio.com/pdf/dsd/DSDIFF_1.5_Spec.pdf DSDIFF file format specs]
* [http://www.ps3sacd.com/downloads/DSDDiscFormatSpecs.pdf DSD Disc Format Specs]
* [https://dsd-guide.com/sites/default/files/white-papers/DSFFileFormatSpec_E.pdf DSF File Format]

== Sample files ==
* [https://www.oppodigital.com/hra/dsd-by-davidelias.aspx Some demo tracks are here]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200206085303/http://ps3sacd.com/dsd_downloads.html Some other downloads can be found here]

== Other links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Direct Stream Digital|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://korolevcross.tumblr.com/post/146049902087/djscrewmcduck-what-the-fuck-okay-so-heres An explanation of why the files are so large], which, given that it's on Tumblr, inevitably had its comment thread degenerate into a debate about 'mansplaining'.
* [http://dsd-guide.com/faq/what-difference-between-dsd-dsf-dff-files What is the difference between DSD, DSF, DFF files?]
* [https://sonore.us/iso2dsd.html ISO2DSD tool]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Audio_CD SACD Wikipedia]
* [https://hydrogenaud.io/index.php/topic,124117.0.html Philips DSD to DST Encoder]

[[Category:Sony]]
[[Category:Philips]]

DSD

2023-10-03T17:21:35Z

Shio: /* Sample files */

OptimFROG

2023-10-03T16:01:27Z

Shio: /* Information */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|ofr}}, {{ext|ofs}}
}}

== Description ==

OptimFROG is a proprietary audio file format developed by Florin Ghido which offers losslessa audio compression. It produces files with the extension '''.ofr'''. '''.ofs''' (OptimFROG Small) files are produced by the OptimFROG DualStream branch, which offers high-quality lossy compression.

== Information ==

* [http://www.losslessaudio.org/DualStream.php OptimFROG - DualStream]
* [http://www.losslessaudio.org/SDK.php OptimFROG Interface Documentation]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020213104053/http://ghido.shelter.ro/ Old site, also includes its predecessor, FROG]

== Software ==

* [[Konvertor]]
* [http://www.losslessaudio.org/Downloads.php OptimFROG - Downloads] (includes encoders for multiple platforms and input plugins for a number of popular music players)
* [http://www.rarewares.org/lossless.php#optimfrog-radlight RadLight directshow filter]

=== Other ===

* [https://bitbucket.org/lazka/mutagen mutagen] - a python module handling audio metadata, which includes OptimFROG support.

== Links ==

* [http://members.home.nl/w.speek/comparison.htm Performance comparison of lossless audio compressors]

MT9

2023-10-03T14:37:44Z

Shio: Undo revision 45616 by Shio (talk)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|mt9}}
}}
'''MT9''' is a digital audio file format developed by Korea's Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI).

MT9 allows listeners to adjust the volume for each channel – such as guitar, drums, bass and vocals - muting or amplifying their favourite parts. This feature would also likely be used by artists, who could more easily create remixes from existing songs, and this could create intellectual property conflicts.

In Korea, it was called Music 2.0, and overseas, it was called Interactive Music.

MT9 was mainly released as an album (CD), and has been sold as a digital album on Audizen.com since June 2008. Many albums by famous (especially South Korean, not Western) artists have been released (some people choose to purchase only albums containing Music 2.0 sound sources).

MT9 to MP3 conversion utilities are also existed.

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081201151336/http://www.audizen.co.kr/ Audizen]
* [https://cuijizhe.blogspot.com/2009/01/music-20-mt9-interactive-music.html Blog overview of MT9 format] (in Korean)
* [https://m.blog.naver.com/tyktw/60134596408 Another blog] (in Korean)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPBoqnNyAB0 MP3 vs MT9 format] (YouTube)
* [https://techreport.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=92933 Tech Report Forums]

MT9

2023-10-03T14:36:52Z

Shio:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|mt9}}
}}
'''MT9''' is a digital audio file format developed by Korea's Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI).

MT9 allows listeners to adjust the volume for each channel – such as guitar, drums, bass and vocals - muting or amplifying their favourite parts. This feature would also likely be used by artists, who could more easily create remixes from existing songs, and this could create intellectual property conflicts.

In Korea, it was called Music 2.0, and overseas, it was called Interactive Music.

MT9 was mainly released as an album (CD), and has been sold as a digital album on Audizen.com since June 2008. Many albums by famous (especially South Korean, not Western) artists have been released (some people choose to purchase only albums containing Music 2.0 sound sources).

MT9 also allowed listeners to adjust the volume of each instrument.

MT9 to MP3 conversion utilities are also existed.

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081201151336/http://www.audizen.co.kr/ Audizen]
* [https://cuijizhe.blogspot.com/2009/01/music-20-mt9-interactive-music.html Blog overview of MT9 format] (in Korean)
* [https://m.blog.naver.com/tyktw/60134596408 Another blog] (in Korean)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPBoqnNyAB0 MP3 vs MT9 format] (YouTube)
* [https://techreport.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=92933 Tech Report Forums]

Category:File formats with extension .mt9

2023-10-03T14:19:35Z

Shio: Created page with "M"

[[Category:File formats by extension|M]]

MT9

2023-10-03T13:46:41Z

Shio: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Audio and Music |extensions={{ext|mt9}} }} '''MT9''' is a digital audio file format developed by Korea's Electronics and Telecommun..."

HLP (WinHelp)

2023-10-03T11:30:15Z

Shio: /* Specifications */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Help files
|extensions={{ext|hlp}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/474}}
}}
:''"HLP" redirects here. For other HLP formats, see [[:Category:File formats with extension .hlp]], or [[Help files]].''

'''WinHelp''' is a help file format based on [[RTF]] created by Microsoft that exists in several versions and was used in Windows 3.0 up to Windows 95 and NT. Starting with Windows Vista, the format can not be opened without additional software downloads. The format was abandoned to encourage use of the newer [[CHM]] (compiled HTML) help format.

There are also [[WinHelp annotation]] (.ann) files with annotations of help topics.

==Identification==
Files start with hex {{magic|3F 5F 03 00}}

== See also ==
* [[CHM]]
* [[Multimedia Viewer Book]] (MVB)
* [[Segmented Hypergraphics]]

== Specifications ==
* [https://sourceforge.net/projects/helpdeco/ helpdeco] → helpfile.txt has information based on reverse-engineering.
** [https://www.oocities.org/mwinterhoff/helpfile.htm Windows Help File Format ...]
** [https://geocities.ws/mwinterhoff/helpfile.htm Windows Help File Format ...]
* [http://delphi-kb.blogspot.com/2010/07/detailed-description-of-winhelp-file.html A detailed description of the WinHelp file format]

== Software ==

* [https://sourceforge.net/projects/helpdeco/ helpdeco] - Decompiler for WinHelp files
* [https://www.winehq.org/ Wine] - Includes a WinHelp viewer, with source code
* [https://github.com/rel-eng/QWinHelp QWinHelp] (untested)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190309094436/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=91 Microsoft's WinHlp32.exe for Windows 7]

== Sample files ==
* HLP files may be found in collections of old Windows software; e.g. [{{CdTextfilesURL|hotgames/PROGRAMS/}}], [{{CdTextfilesURL|40bestwin95/PROGRAMS/}}], [{{CdTextfilesURL|49games/49GAMES/}}], [{{CdTextfilesURL|sbup/}}], [{{CdTextfilesURL|ultimatews/WIN/}}]
* https://telparia.com/fileFormatSamples/document/hlp/

== Resources ==

* [[Wikipedia:WinHelp|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.help-info.de/en/home.htm Resource page for Windows help formats]
* [http://www.help-info.de/en/Help_Info_WinHelp/hw.htm Subpage on the site linked above with a list of links to software and information about the WinHelp format]

[[Category:Microsoft]]
[[Category:Windows]]
[[Category:Hypermedia]]

Electronic Arts TGV

2023-09-22T21:44:17Z

Shio:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|tgv}}
}}
'''Electronic Arts TGV''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games.

=== Header Block ===

Block IDs:'''kVGT''', '''fVGT''', '''TGVk''', '''TGVf'''

== Samples ==

* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/ea-tgv/

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Electronic Arts TGV

2023-09-22T21:31:46Z

Shio: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Audio and Music |extensions={{ext|tgv}} }} '''Electronic Arts TGV''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games. == Samples ==..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|tgv}}
}}
'''Electronic Arts TGV''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games.

== Samples ==

* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/ea-tgv/

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Electronic Arts MPC

2023-09-22T21:28:39Z

Shio: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Audio and Music |extensions={{ext|mpc}} }} '''Electronic Arts MPC''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games, mostly for Play..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|mpc}}
}}
'''Electronic Arts MPC''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games, mostly for PlayStation 2 console.

== Samples ==

* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/ea-mpc/

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Electronic Arts MAD

2023-09-22T21:26:56Z

Shio: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Audio and Music |extensions={{ext|mad}} }} '''Electronic Arts MAD''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games, such as various..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|mad}}
}}
'''Electronic Arts MAD''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games, such as various [[Need for Speed]] games.

== Samples ==

* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/ea-mad/

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Electronic Arts CMV

2023-09-22T21:24:14Z

Shio: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Audio and Music |extensions={{ext|cmv}} }} '''Electronic Arts CMV''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games such as NHL 95. ..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|cmv}}
}}
'''Electronic Arts CMV''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games such as NHL 95.

== Samples ==

* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/ea-cmv/

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Electronic Arts WVE

2023-09-22T21:20:26Z

Shio: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Audio and Music |extensions={{ext|wve}} }} '''Electronic Arts WVE''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games. == Samples == ..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|wve}}
}}
'''Electronic Arts WVE''' files were used in some Electronic Arts games.

== Samples ==

* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/ea-wve/

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Electronic Arts MUS

2023-09-22T21:14:47Z

Shio: EAplay is no longer found on Google Drive

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|mus}}
|released=1989
}}
'''Electronic Arts MUS''' files were used, in several variants, in some Electronic Arts games in the 1989-92 period, including ''Cartooners'' (which was actually an animated-cartoon creator rather than a game, per se), ''Ski or Die'', ''The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes'', and (apparently in a very different format, perhaps compressed) ''The Immortal''.

=== Players ===
It appears that Joel Yliluoma (Bisqwit) managed to figure out how to play these music files: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7AszqnEptI&t=36s]. The page containing the source for this player: [http://bisqwit.iki.fi/source/adlmidi.html].

=== Sound Drivers ===

The music files that come with Cartooners appear to have sound hardware specific sections in their headers. See below for more information. Cartooners supports the following hardware for playing music:

* AD LIB: adtoons.smb
* CMS: cstoons.smb
* PC Speaker: n/a
* Roland MT 32/LAPC: mttoons.smb

All of the above should work with DOSBox v0.74 default sound settings except for "CMS". Set "sbtype" to "=sb1" under the "[sblaster]" section to enable "CMS" support. Whether or not a driver is used by Cartooners depends on whether the file present in the same directory as "Cartoons.exe". How the program selects a drive when there are multiple drivers present is unknown.

=== Music File Information ===

[[Endianness]]: big???

Extenstion: *.mus

Software: Cartooners 1988/1989 - by: Electronic Arts & IDTA

=== Music File Layout ===

[Music and Sounds]

Endianess: big.

Extenstion: *.mus

[File Layout]

Begin Structure: Header.

0x00 WORD Absolute offset of MIDI track data.
0x02 BYTES Header data [0x00] - 0x02 bytes in length. Purpose unknown.

End Structure

Begin Structure: MIDI track data.

0x00 BYTES MIDI track data.

End Structure

Begin Structure: Footer.

0x00 BYTE MIDI event "Stop playback".

0x01 BYTE Indicates whether or not the music/sound is played again when the end is reached: (0x80 = repeat, 0x81 stop.)

End Structure

[Notes]

The headers typically contain the following string: "rsxx}u".

[Other games with similar file midi music files]
See the file "Electronic Arts Music Files.ods".
'''Note: *** = Same for all files.'''

== Other games with similar file midi music files ==
-"Ski or Die has" a music file called "Ski2.bin" which Cartooners appears to play correctly when added to an animation. Ski or Die can play a Cartooners' music file when "Ski2.bin" is substituted with one, although it is played about two times too fast.

-"The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Serrated Scalpel" music files (when extracted from the file "Music.lib") can be played by Cartooners when the first 0x0B (ASCII 0x20 characters (spaces)) of bytes has been removed from their headers.

Also:

-"Car and Driver" (in c&d.lib as *.bin files)

-"Hard Nova" (as *.bin files)

-"Lakers versus Celtics and the NBA Playoffs" (the files "o", "r", "s", and "v")

-"Populous - The Promised Lands" (pop_tune.dat)

== See also ==

* [[Cartooners actor file]] (actor format used in Cartooners)

* [[Electronic Arts INF]] (preference format used in Cartooners)

* [[Electronic Arts MOV]] (movie format used in cartooners)

== Links ==

* [http://www.vbforums.com/showthread.php?759753-Cartooners-Actor-Viewer-export-and-import-actors Link to Cartooners File Viewer software]

* [http://www.vgmpf.com/Wiki/index.php?title=MUS_%28Electronic_Arts%29 Article on Video Game Music Preservation Foundation Wiki]

[[Category:Game data files]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Westwood Studios AUD

2023-09-22T20:56:22Z

Shio: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|aud}}
}}

==Overview==
'''Westwood Studios AUD''' files are audio files that shipped with various Westwood Studios games in the 1990s, such as Command and Conquer.

== Software ==
* [[FFmpeg]]

== Sample files ==
* https://telparia.com/fileFormatSamples/audio/westwoodStudiosAudio/
* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/westwood-aud/

VMDK

2023-09-22T20:39:32Z

Shio: Undo revision 45386 by Shio (talk)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|extensions={{ext|vmdk}}
}}
[[VMDK]] (Virtual Machine Disk) is a format developed by VMware (but now open), used for storage in virtual machines (a program running on a real machine such as a desktop or laptop PC in order to simulate a separate machine for the purpose of running software in a sandboxed environment, or to use different operating systems from that of the real computer). VirtualBox can use it in addition to the [[VDI]] format. The maximum capacity is 2040 gigabytes.

The specifications of Virtual Disk Format 6.0 are still not released.

== Specs ==
* [http://www.vmware.com/app/vmdk/?src=vmdk Virtual Disk Format 1.1 spec]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160802134543/http://www.vmware.com/support/developer/vddk/vmdk_50_technote.pdf?src=vmdk Virtual Disk Format 5.0 spec]

== File conversion ==
* [http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/virtualbox-convert.html How to convert VirtualBox VDI to VMware VMDK disks (or vice versa)]
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/vdi2vmdkguiconv/ vdi 2 vmdk converter]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4BT1j2PkYw VDI to VMDK instructional video]

== Other links ==
* [[Wikipedia:VMDK|Wikipedia article: VMDK]]
* [[Wikipedia:VirtualBox|Wikipedia article: VirtualBox]]
* [https://www.virtualbox.org/ VirtualBox official site]
* [https://communities.vmware.com/community/vmtn/developer/forums/vddk VMWare developer forum]
* [{{ForensicsWikiURL|vmware_virtual_disk_format_%28vmdk%29}} Forensics Wiki article]

Bink Video

2023-09-22T16:05:01Z

Shio: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Video
|extensions={{ext|bik}}, {{ext|bik2}}, {{ext|bk2}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|video/vnd.radgamettools.bink}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/731}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/732}}
}}
[[Bink Video]] is a video file format and codec developed by [[RAD Game Tools]]. It has been used by many video games.

== Software ==
* [[FFmpeg]]

== Sample files ==
* https://telparia.com/fileFormatSamples/video/bink/
* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/bink/
* https://samples.mplayerhq.hu/game-formats/bink2/

== Links ==
* [http://www.radgametools.com/bnkmain.htm RAD Game Tools' Bink section]
* http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.video.ffmpeg.cvs/28414
* [[Wikipedia: Bink Video]]
* [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Bink_Video MultimediaWiki: Bink Video]
* [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Bink_Video_version_b MultimediaWiki: Bink Video version b]
* [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Bink_Video_2 MultimediaWiki: Bink Video 2]

VMDK

2023-09-10T19:56:28Z

Shio:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|extensions={{ext|vmdk}}
}}
[[VMDK]] (Virtual Machine Disk) is a format developed by VMware (but now open), used for storage in virtual machines (a program running on a real machine such as a desktop or laptop PC in order to simulate a separate machine for the purpose of running software in a sandboxed environment, or to use different operating systems from that of the real computer). VirtualBox can use it in addition to the [[VDI]] format. The maximum capacity is 2040 gigabytes.

Please note that VMDK files made with VMware Workstation 11 or later are presumably not supported among third-party disk software because it may or may not use Virtual Disk Format 6.0 whose specifications are not released.

== Specs ==
* [http://www.vmware.com/app/vmdk/?src=vmdk Virtual Disk Format 1.1 spec]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160802134543/http://www.vmware.com/support/developer/vddk/vmdk_50_technote.pdf?src=vmdk Virtual Disk Format 5.0 spec]

== File conversion ==
* [http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/virtualbox-convert.html How to convert VirtualBox VDI to VMware VMDK disks (or vice versa)]
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/vdi2vmdkguiconv/ vdi 2 vmdk converter]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4BT1j2PkYw VDI to VMDK instructional video]

== Other links ==
* [[Wikipedia:VMDK|Wikipedia article: VMDK]]
* [[Wikipedia:VirtualBox|Wikipedia article: VirtualBox]]
* [https://www.virtualbox.org/ VirtualBox official site]
* [https://communities.vmware.com/community/vmtn/developer/forums/vddk VMWare developer forum]
* [{{ForensicsWikiURL|vmware_virtual_disk_format_%28vmdk%29}} Forensics Wiki article]

VMDK

2023-09-10T15:52:31Z

Shio: Fixed link

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|extensions={{ext|vmdk}}
}}
[[VMDK]] (Virtual Machine Disk) is a format developed by VMWare (but now open), used for storage in virtual machines (a program running on a real machine such as a desktop or laptop PC in order to simulate a separate machine for the purpose of running software in a sandboxed environment, or to use different operating systems from that of the real computer). VirtualBox can use it in addition to the [[VDI]] format. The maximum capacity is 2040 gigabytes.

== Specs ==
* [http://www.vmware.com/app/vmdk/?src=vmdk Virtual Disk Format 1.1 spec]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160802134543/http://www.vmware.com/support/developer/vddk/vmdk_50_technote.pdf?src=vmdk Virtual Disk Format 5.0 spec]

== File conversion ==
* [http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/virtualbox-convert.html How to convert VirtualBox VDI to VMware VMDK disks (or vice versa)]
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/vdi2vmdkguiconv/ vdi 2 vmdk converter]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4BT1j2PkYw VDI to VMDK instructional video]

== Other links ==
* [[Wikipedia:VMDK|Wikipedia article: VMDK]]
* [[Wikipedia:VirtualBox|Wikipedia article: VirtualBox]]
* [https://www.virtualbox.org/ VirtualBox official site]
* [https://communities.vmware.com/community/vmtn/developer/forums/vddk VMWare developer forum]
* [{{ForensicsWikiURL|vmware_virtual_disk_format_%28vmdk%29}} Forensics Wiki article]

CUE and BIN

2023-09-06T19:56:23Z

Shio: Updating Forensics Wiki links

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|extensions={{ext|cue}}, {{ext|bin}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/x-cue}}<ref>[https://cgit.freedesktop.org/xdg/shared-mime-info/tree/data/freedesktop.org.xml.in freedesktop.org.xml.in]</ref>
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/1069}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/208}}
}}
'''CUE and BIN''' is a method of representing the contents of a [[CD]] or [[DVD]] (especially an audio CD) by using a "cue sheet" file in plain text listing the tracks, accompanying a raw binary (BIN) file with the actual data, sometimes in a disk-image format that captures the raw data of the disk, but sometimes in an audio format such as [[MP3]].

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Cue sheet (computing)|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://wiki.hydrogenaudio.org/index.php?title=Cue_sheet Hydrogen Audio article]
* [http://digitalx.org/cue-sheet/syntax/ Cue sheet syntax]
* [{{ForensicsWikiURL|cue_sheet_format}} Forensics Wiki article] (minimal info)

== Specifications ==

* [http://web.archive.org/web/20070221154246/http://www.goldenhawk.com/download/cdrwin.pdf#G18.998200 Cuesheet Commands] - Annex A of the CDRWIN User's Guide (de facto specification of CUE format)
* https://github.com/libyal/libodraw/blob/master/documentation/CUE%20sheet%20format.asciidoc

== Software ==
* [http://cdrdao.sourceforge.net/ CDRDAO]
* [https://www.imgburn.com/ ImgBurn]

== Sample files ==
* https://telparia.com/fileFormatSamples/archive/iso/

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Audio and Music]]
[[Category:Metadata]]
[[Category:Multi-file formats]]

RAW (Audio)

2023-09-06T19:37:27Z

Shio: fixed link

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|pcm}}, {{ext|raw}}, {{ext|bin}}
}}

==Overview==
'''Raw Audio''' is a class of file formats, mostly binary, for storing uncompressed audio. It is not a well-defined format and usually lacks any header information. The audio is often stored in a [[LPCM]] coded raw form with various bit depth, byte order, sample rate and number of channels. Multiple channels can be stored in an interleaved or planar (one channel at a time) way.

==Software==
RAW Audio can be decoded with the following applications:
* Audacity (Import -> Raw Data...)
* Steinberg WaveLab (Open -> Import special Audio file...)

==Resources==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160325174925/http://www.fmtz.com/misc/raw-audio-file-formats Raw Audio File Formats Information]

DOS device driver

2023-09-06T19:35:03Z

Shio: fixed link

{{FormatInfo
| subcat = Executables
| extensions = {{ext|dos}}, {{ext|sys}}, {{ext|dev}}, {{ext|bin}}
}}
DOS device drivers (often simply known as '''SYS''' files) are stored in a simple binary format.
The filename extension <code>DEV</code> is used by the [[FreeDOS]] printer driver tool <code>SPOOL</code>.
For the block device driver of the compression software '''Stacker''',
which was also included in some versions of the '''DR-DOS''' operating system or the '''Novell DOS''' and '''Caldera OpenDOS''' offshoots,
the filename extension <code>BIN</code> is used.

Drivers are loaded into a contiguous block of memory; the segment part of data structure pointers is then adjusted to match the loading segment.

Some device drivers are stored in the [[MS-DOS EXE|MZ]] format instead of the "raw" SYS format.

== Identification ==
Most DOS device drivers begin with the magic ID {{magic|FF FF FF FF}}.

== See also ==
* [[FreeDOS]]

== Sample files ==
* http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/files/repositories/latest/util/spool.zip → SPOOL.DEV
* https://www.uwe-sieber.de/files/cfg_echo.zip → echo.sys
* https://ftp.zx.net.nz/pub/archive/novell/caldera_drdos/DR-DOS.703/images/disk02.144 → STACLOAD.BIN

== Links ==
* [http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/doc/rbinter/it/46/16.html SYS file structure in Ralf Brown's]

[[Category:MS-DOS]]

ArtWorx Data Format

2023-09-06T18:56:52Z

Shio: /* Specifications */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|adf}}
|released=1996
}}
'''ArtWorx Data Format''' ('''ADF''') is a character graphics format associated with the ArtWorx [[ANSI Art]] editor. Its features are similar to those of [[XBIN]], except that it is not compressed.

== Specifications ==
* [https://github.com/tehmaze/piece/blob/master/docs/format/artworx.txt ArtWorx Specification]
* [http://ftp.icm.edu.pl/packages/demos/resources/graphics/artx091a.zip artx091a.zip] → ADFVIEW.PAS (source code with comments)

== Software ==
* [https://www.ansilove.org/ Ansilove]
* [http://ftp.icm.edu.pl/packages/demos/resources/graphics/artx091a.zip ArtWorx Beta 0.91 Rev. A]
* [http://artscene.textfiles.com/viewers/dos/adfview.zip Quick ADF Viewer] (MS-DOS)
* [[FFmpeg]]

== Sample files ==
* [http://ftp.icm.edu.pl/packages/demos/resources/graphics/artx091a.zip artx091a.zip] → ARTX-LGO.ADF
* https://telparia.com/fileFormatSamples/image/artworx/test.adf