Just Solve the File Format Problem - User contributions [en]

MoPaQ

2026-03-31T13:50:48Z

Sembiance: samples

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Game data files
|extensions={{ext|mpq}}
}}

The MoPaQ format (.MPQ) files are proprietary game containers used by Blizzard Entertainment for their games including Warcraft 3 and World of Warcraft. They are used to contain many of the game assets that are needed by the game at runtime.

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/mpq}}

== Links ==
* [http://www.zezula.net/en/mpq/mpqformat.html http://www.zezula.net/en/mpq/mpqformat.html]
* [https://github.com/ladislav-zezula/StormLib/blob/master/doc/The%20MoPaQ%20File%20Format%201.0.txt The MoPaQ Archive Format v1.0]
* [https://wowdev.wiki/MPQ https://wowdev.wiki/MPQ]
* [[Wikipedia: MPQ (file format)]]

[[Category:Blizzard]]

Interfaze

2026-03-31T13:21:05Z

Sembiance: Interfaze might just be authorware

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Miscellaneous File Formats
|extensions={{ext|app}}
|released=1995
}}

'''Interfaze''' by Techno-Marketing, Inc. was a program that could be used to create multi-media presentation and interactive applications for Windows. It was used to create interactive experiences for various CD-ROMs of the 1990s.

NOTE: Is this related to [[Authorware]]? As the authorware extractor seems to handle these "interface" .app files.

== Identifiers ==
.app files start with "{{magic|WPCR}}"

== Software ==
* [https://archive.org/details/ifaze39 Interfaze v3.9 demo]
* http://cd.textfiles.com/psl/pslv5nv05/WIN/GRAPHICS/IFAZE475.ZIP

== Sample files ==
* [https://archive.org/details/glamour-girls-i Glamour Girls i.iso/GGIRLS/*.APP]

[[Category:Hypermedia]]

Authorware

2026-03-31T13:18:58Z

Sembiance: /* Specifications */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|extensions={{ext|app}}, {{ext|apr}}, {{ext|apw}}, {{ext|a#r}}, {{ext|a#p}}, {{ext|a#w}}
|released=1987
}}

'''Authorware''' is a platform and format for creating e-learning interactive programs. History available: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Authorware]

== Specifications ==
* [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sembiance/dexvert/refs/heads/master/bin/vibeExtract/authorware/authorware.txt authorware.txt]

== Sofware ==
* [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sembiance/dexvert/refs/heads/master/bin/vibeExtract/authorware/authorware.py authorware.py]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/authorware}}

[[Category:Miscellaneous File Formats]]
[[Category:Adobe]]
[[Category:Macromedia]]

Authorware

2026-03-31T13:18:50Z

Sembiance: fixed links

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|extensions={{ext|app}}, {{ext|apr}}, {{ext|apw}}, {{ext|a#r}}, {{ext|a#p}}, {{ext|a#w}}
|released=1987
}}

'''Authorware''' is a platform and format for creating e-learning interactive programs. History available: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Authorware]

== Specifications ==
* [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sembiance/dexvert/refs/heads/master/bin/vibeExtract/authorware/authorware.txt authorware_spec.txt]

== Sofware ==
* [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sembiance/dexvert/refs/heads/master/bin/vibeExtract/authorware/authorware.py authorware.py]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/authorware}}

[[Category:Miscellaneous File Formats]]
[[Category:Adobe]]
[[Category:Macromedia]]

Authorware

2026-02-17T15:46:07Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|extensions={{ext|app}}, {{ext|apr}}, {{ext|apw}}, {{ext|a#r}}, {{ext|a#p}}, {{ext|a#w}}
|released=1987
}}

'''Authorware''' is a platform and format for creating e-learning interactive programs. History available: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Authorware]

== Specifications ==
* [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sembiance/dexvert/refs/heads/master/bin/unauthorware/authorware_spec.txt authorware_spec.txt]

== Sofware ==
* [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sembiance/dexvert/refs/heads/master/bin/unauthorware/unauthorware.py unauthorware.py]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/authorware}}

[[Category:Miscellaneous File Formats]]
[[Category:Adobe]]
[[Category:Macromedia]]

ILBM

2026-02-17T01:14:35Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|iff}}, {{ext|lbm}}, {{ext|bbm}}, {{ext|ilbm}}, {{ext|pic}}, others
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/338}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/424}}, {{PRONOM|x-fmt/301}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q2389386}}
|released=1985
}}
'''ILBM''' (or '''IFF-ILBM''', or '''LBM''') is a loosely-defined family of raster image file formats that use the [[IFF]] container format. ILBM stands for '''InterLeaved BitMap'''.

It is also sometimes called '''IFF''' or '''Amiga IFF''', though IFF more properly refers to the generic [[IFF]] format on which ILBM is based.

As seems to be common practice, we consider ILBM to include some similar formats whose type identifier is not "ILBM", and which are not necessarily interleaved. We exclude formats that use incompatible variants of IFF.

ILBM files were widely used on Amiga computers, but are not limited to that platform. The format originated with the ''Deluxe Paint'' program from Electronic Arts.

See also:
* [[ANIM]]
* [[Command Simulations ILBM]]

== Terminology ==
Be aware that terms such as ''interleaved'', ''planar'', and ''contiguous'' are ambiguous. In ILBM jargon, they tend to mean the exact opposite of what they mean with respect to most other image formats. By most definitions of the terms, ILBM would ironically be considered to be ''planar'', ACBM to be even more planar, and PBM to be ''contiguous''.

== Notes ==
When "lost" computer graphics created by Andy Warhol on an Amiga computer were discovered and converted by retrocomputing buffs at the Carnegie Mellon University Computer Club in 2013, some of them were found to be in a slight variant of the ILBM format, with a .pic extension.

== Identification ==
The file begins with the ASCII string <code>FORM</code>, and has a type identifier at offset 8 that is usually <code>ILBM</code>. A <code>BMHD</code> chunk appears somewhere in the file, usually immediately after <code>ILBM</code>.

Some variants formats have a "FORM type" that is something other than <code>ILBM</code>, such as <code>PBM</code>, <code>ACBM</code>, <code>RGBN</code>, or <code>RGB8</code>.

== Format details ==

=== Compression ===
The image compression algorithm is indicated by a coded integer. The known compression types are 0 for no compression, 1 for [[PackBits]], and 2 for a special "vertical" RLE format (see VDAT, below).

=== Color cycling ===
Some ILBM images are designed to be animated using palette color cycling, as indicated by <code>CRNG</code> chunks or other mechanisms. Many image viewers and converters don't support this feature.

=== Aspect ratio ===
Many ILBM images were designed for graphics modes having non-square pixels, so they will look squished if displayed directly on a modern computer. Fortunately, there is an "aspect ratio" field (and sometimes other fields, such as a <code>DPI</code> chunk), which can supply the information needed to unsquish them. Unfortunately, though this field is usually correct, it is incorrect in a significant minority of files. For example, it may contain the reciprocal of the correct value, or it may be based on the shape of the image as a whole, instead of the shape of a pixel. There is probably no perfect solution to this problem.

=== Palette precision ===
Some viewers appear to display some ILBM images slightly too dark. For example, the whitest white may be (240,240,240) instead of (255,255,255). This happens because, though the palette in an ILBM file always has 8 bits of precision per sample, some graphics modes did not use all 8. Encoders targeting such modes would sometimes carelessly set the low (usually 4) bits to zero. Some ILBM viewers try to detect this situation, and correct for it.

== Special types of ILBM ==
The plain ILBM format is reasonably well standardized. This section describes some of the ''other'' ILBM formats.

=== Hold-and-Modify ===
Hold-and-Modify ('''HAM''') images are designed to work with the Amiga's oddball ''Hold-and-Modify'' graphics modes. There are two main kinds of HAM images: HAM6 (6 bits per pixel) and HAM8 (8 bits per pixel). The term ''HAM'' sometimes refers just to HAM6.

It is usually said that HAM6 supports up to 4096 different colors in an image, and HAM8 supports 262,144. This is probably true with regard to the actual Amiga graphics modes, but some not-so-carefully-written ILBM specifications imply that more colors are possible. Not that it matters much, because the real limitation is that, for each pixel, there are at most 64 or 256 available colors.

==== HAM6 ====
HAM6 files have bit 11 of the <code>CAMG</code> chunk set, 6 planes (rarely 5), and 16 palette colors.

Reportedly, some HAM6 files are missing the <code>CAMG</code> chunk. A file with no <code>CAMG</code> chunk, 6 bit planes, and 16 palette colors is probably HAM6.

==== HAM8 ====
HAM8 files have bit 11 of the <code>CAMG</code> chunk set, 8 planes (rarely 7), and 64 palette colors.

==== Multi-palette HAM ====
There are at least three extended HAM formats designed to take advantage of the Amiga's ability to make changes to the palette in the middle of an image:
* '''SHAM''' (Sliced HAM) - Uses a <code>SHAM</code> chunk.
* '''CTBL''' (Newtek Dynamic Ham) - Uses <code>CTBL</code> and <code>DYCP</code> chunks.
* '''PCHG''' - Uses a <code>PCHG</code> (Palette Changes) chunk.

==== HAM-E ====
HAM-E (or HAME) is a format designed to work with particular video hardware from Black Belt Systems. Identifying an ILBM file as HAM-E is difficult; it can apparently only be done by looking for a special signature near the beginning of the pixel data. HAM-E files are structurally valid ILBM files, but will be displayed as garbage by viewers that don't support HAM-E.

=== Extra-Halfbrite ===
Extra-Halfbrite (EHB) images are designed to work with the Amiga's ''Halfbrite'' graphics mode. They have 6 planes, but only 32 colors in the palette. In effect, the palette should be assumed to have an additional 32 colors that are half as bright as the first 32.

Extra-Halfbrite files are identified by bit 7 of the <code>CAMG</code> chunk being set.

=== Deep images ===
Non-paletted (for example, 24-bit RGB) ILBM images are sometimes called "deep images". This is not to be confused with [[IFF-DEEP]], a different format.

=== PBM ===
PBM ('''Planar BitMap''') files have FORM type of <code>PBM</code> instead of <code>ILBM</code>. Each pixel is stored contiguously, and there is only a single plane. PBM was mainly used on the [[MS-DOS]] platform.

This is not to be confused with [[Netpbm formats|Netpbm's PBM format]].

=== ACBM ===
'''ACBM''' (Amiga Contiguous Bitmap) is a variant of ILBM designed to be used efficiently by AmigaBASIC. The image is separated into bit-planes and then rows, instead of rows and then bit-planes.

The "FORM type" is <code>ACBM</code> (instead of <code>ILBM</code>), and instead of a <code>BODY</code> chunk there is an <code>ABIT</code> chunk.

=== RGBN and RGB8 ===
RGBN (12-bit RGB) and RGB8 (24-bit RGB) were used by Impulse's ''Silver'' and ''Turbo Silver'' programs (see also [[TDDD]]). Images are normally labeled as having 13 planes (RGBN) or 25 planes (RGB8), and compression method 3 or 4.

=== VDAT ===
In the ILBM variant we're calling VDAT (reportedly used by "the ST version of DPAINT"), instead of raw image data, the <code>BODY</code> chunk contains a sequence of <code>VDAT</code> chunks. It uses compression type 2. The format is similar, but not identical, to that used in [[Tiny Stuff]] files.

=== DCTV ===
DCTV is a format designed to work with particular video hardware from Digital Creations. Like HAM-E, identifying an ILBM file as DCTV is difficult; it can apparently only be done by looking for a special signature near the beginning of the pixel data. DCTV files are structurally valid ILBM files, but will be displayed as garbage by viewers that don't support DCTV.

=== NEOchrome Master ===
Uses a <code>RAST</code> chunk. Refer to [[NEOchrome Master]].

== Specifications ==
* [https://1fish2.github.io/IFF/IFF%20docs%20with%20Commodore%20revisions/ILBM.pdf "ILBM" IFF Interleaved Bitmap] - January 17, 1986 (CRNG data updated Oct, 1988 by Jerry Morrison) (Appendix E added and CAMG data updated Oct, 1988 by Commodore-Amiga, Inc.)
* [http://wiki.amigaos.net/wiki/ILBM_IFF_Interleaved_Bitmap "ILBM" IFF Interleaved Bitmap], from the AmigaOS Documentation Wiki
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/ilbm "ILBM" IFF Interleaved Bitmap] - January 17, 1986
* [http://www.shikadi.net/moddingwiki/LBM_Format ModdingWiki: LBM Format]
* {{AtariForumWiki|ST_Picture_Formats|ST Picture Formats}}
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/pix_fmt.txt Picture format docs (of a number of formats including DeluxePaint LBM/IFF)]
* {{EGFF|iff|IFF File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [http://www.fileformat.info/format/tddd/spec/dcee369361fe4eea875223dd04ab339d/view.htm FORM RGBN and FORM RGB8]
* [https://github.com/svanderburg/libilbm/tree/master/doc libilbm / doc]
* [http://aminet.net/package/docs/misc/ILBM64 ILBM64] - An extension to support 16 bits/sample

== Software ==
* [[RECOIL]]
* [[Konvertor]]
* [[Netpbm]]
* [[XnView]]
* [https://www.irfanview.com/ Irfanview] with ''FORMATS'' [https://www.irfanview.com/plugins.htm plugin] 4.36 or more recent
* [https://github.com/svanderburg/libilbm libilbm]
* [[FFmpeg]]
* [[ImageMagick]]
* [http://snisurset.net/code/abydos/ abydos]
* [http://www.boomerangsworld.de/cms/tools/iff-convert.html iff-convert]
* {{Reggae}}

== Sample files ==
* ftp://ftp.back2roots.org/pub/amigascne/Gfx/pics/
* {{CdTextfilesURL|zoom2/graphics/clipart/}} ...
* {{CdTextfilesURL|megamedia1/}} .../*.IFF
* {{CdTextfilesURL|megamedia2/IMAGES/CARS/IFF24/}}
* https://samples.libav.org/image-samples/ASH.LBM - a PBM file
* https://github.com/mtuomi/SecondReality .../*.LBM - PBM files
* http://www.fileformat.info/format/iff/sample/index.htm
* [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/pl_pix.lha pl_pix.lha] → Plan_pix.lha → *.pic (ACBM)
* [ftp://ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de/pub/aminet/pix/art/Hardwired1a.lha Hardwired1a.lha] (Extra-Halfbrite)
* {{CdTextfiles|crawlycrypt1/tt/iffloadr/neworld.iff|neworld.iff}} (VDAT)
* {{CdTextfilesURL|fishandmore/More/Graphics/Pictures/Sham/}} (SHAM)
* {{DexvertSamples|image/iffILBM}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:ILBM|Wikipedia: ILBM]]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/AMIGA/iff.txt Intro to Amiga IFF ILBM Files and Amiga Viewmodes]
* [[Wikipedia:Hold-And-Modify|Wikipedia: Hold-And-Modify]]
* [[Wikipedia:Amiga Halfbrite mode|Wikipedia: Amiga Halfbrite mode]]
* [http://studioforcreativeinquiry.org/events/warhol-discovery Previously Unknown Warhol Works Discovered on Floppy Disks from 1985]
* [http://studioforcreativeinquiry.org/public/warhol_amiga_report_v10.pdf Detailed report on the Warhol graphic recovery (PDF)]

[[Category:IFF based file formats]]
[[Category:Amiga]]
[[Category:Atari graphics formats]]
[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

Authorware

2026-02-14T22:51:25Z

Sembiance: added authorware spec and extractor

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|extensions={{ext|app}}, {{ext|apr}}, {{ext|apw}}, {{ext|a#r}}, {{ext|a#p}}, {{ext|a#w}}
|released=1987
}}

'''Authorware''' is a platform and format for creating e-learning interactive programs. History available: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Authorware]

== Specifications ==
* [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sembiance/dexvert/refs/heads/master/bin/unauthorware/authorware_spec.txt authorware_spec.txt]

== Sofware ==
* [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sembiance/dexvert/refs/heads/master/bin/unauthorware/unauthorware.py unauthorware.py]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/authorware}}
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/authorwareEXE}}

[[Category:Miscellaneous File Formats]]
[[Category:Adobe]]
[[Category:Macromedia]]

Paint.NET image

2026-02-13T13:23:53Z

Sembiance: /* Specifications */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|pdn}}
}}
'''Paint.NET image''' (or '''PDN''') is the native graphics file format of the Paint.NET image editor for Microsoft Windows.

== Format ==
A PDN file mainly consists of .NET serialized data, which reflects the <code>Document</code> class in Paint.NET's C# code. Because of this, parsing a PDN file requires either parsing the .NET binary format, or if you're in a .NET environment, simply including some of the Paint.NET .dll files in your project and letting .NET do the rest (although [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/serialization/binaryformatter-security-guide Microsoft advises against it]).

There seems to be two versions of the PDN format; the older one simply compresses the .NET data through [[Gzip]]. The current one features its own file format signature, the ASCII characters "<code>PDN3</code>", as well as some metadata (width, height, thumbnail) in [[XML]] format, prefixed with its length as a little-endian 24-bit integer. The .NET serialized data can still be compressed, but it's now optional, denoted by the {{magic|0x1F 0x8B}} prefix for Gzip compression, or {{magic|0x00 0x01}} for uncompressed.

Bitmap data is stored as BGRA, and can be optionally serialized separately from the .NET data if its respective layer declares that the bitmap data is deferred. If so, bitmap data shows up right after the .NET data, optionally Gzip compressed. Deferred data is ordered based on the layer ordering.

== Identification ==
Files begin with a signature: the ASCII characters "<code>PDN3</code>". The older version of the PDN format starts with the [[Gzip]] signature bytes, {{magic|0x1F 0x8B}}.

== Specifications ==
* [https://winprotocoldoc.blob.core.windows.net/productionwindowsarchives/MS-NRBF/%5bMS-NRBF%5d.pdf .NET Binary Format Data Structure]
* [https://github.com/rivy/OpenPDN/blob/cca476b0df2a2f70996e6b9486ec45327631568c/src/Data/Document.cs Source code for the Document class in C#]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051230140736/http://blogs.msdn.com:80/rickbrew/archive/2005/01/18/355571.aspx Information on the first version of the PDN format]
* [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sembiance/dexvert/refs/heads/master/bin/pdn2png/paint.NET_image_spec.txt paint.NET_image_spec.txt]

== Software ==
* [http://www.getpaint.net/ Paint.NET official site] (which, confusingly enough, isn't actually at '''paint.net''' itself, which belongs to an actual paint company!)
* [http://wiki.freepascal.org/LazPaint Lazpaint]
* [https://www.irfanview.com/ IrfanView]
* [https://github.com/Sembiance/dexvert/blob/master/bin/pdn2png/pdn2png.py pdn2png.py]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/paintDotNetImage}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Paint.NET|Wikipedia: Paint.NET]]

Paint.NET image

2026-02-13T13:22:50Z

Sembiance: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|pdn}}
}}
'''Paint.NET image''' (or '''PDN''') is the native graphics file format of the Paint.NET image editor for Microsoft Windows.

== Format ==
A PDN file mainly consists of .NET serialized data, which reflects the <code>Document</code> class in Paint.NET's C# code. Because of this, parsing a PDN file requires either parsing the .NET binary format, or if you're in a .NET environment, simply including some of the Paint.NET .dll files in your project and letting .NET do the rest (although [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/serialization/binaryformatter-security-guide Microsoft advises against it]).

There seems to be two versions of the PDN format; the older one simply compresses the .NET data through [[Gzip]]. The current one features its own file format signature, the ASCII characters "<code>PDN3</code>", as well as some metadata (width, height, thumbnail) in [[XML]] format, prefixed with its length as a little-endian 24-bit integer. The .NET serialized data can still be compressed, but it's now optional, denoted by the {{magic|0x1F 0x8B}} prefix for Gzip compression, or {{magic|0x00 0x01}} for uncompressed.

Bitmap data is stored as BGRA, and can be optionally serialized separately from the .NET data if its respective layer declares that the bitmap data is deferred. If so, bitmap data shows up right after the .NET data, optionally Gzip compressed. Deferred data is ordered based on the layer ordering.

== Identification ==
Files begin with a signature: the ASCII characters "<code>PDN3</code>". The older version of the PDN format starts with the [[Gzip]] signature bytes, {{magic|0x1F 0x8B}}.

== Specifications ==
* [https://winprotocoldoc.blob.core.windows.net/productionwindowsarchives/MS-NRBF/%5bMS-NRBF%5d.pdf .NET Binary Format Data Structure]
* [https://github.com/rivy/OpenPDN/blob/cca476b0df2a2f70996e6b9486ec45327631568c/src/Data/Document.cs Source code for the Document class in C#]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051230140736/http://blogs.msdn.com:80/rickbrew/archive/2005/01/18/355571.aspx Information on the first version of the PDN format]

== Software ==
* [http://www.getpaint.net/ Paint.NET official site] (which, confusingly enough, isn't actually at '''paint.net''' itself, which belongs to an actual paint company!)
* [http://wiki.freepascal.org/LazPaint Lazpaint]
* [https://www.irfanview.com/ IrfanView]
* [https://github.com/Sembiance/dexvert/blob/master/bin/pdn2png/pdn2png.py pdn2png.py]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/paintDotNetImage}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Paint.NET|Wikipedia: Paint.NET]]

DTED

2026-01-31T15:35:17Z

Sembiance: samples

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Geospatial
|extensions={{ext|dted}}, {{ext|dt0}}, {{ext|dt1}}, {{ext|dt2}}, others
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/314}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q1224822}}
}}
'''Digital Terrain Elevation Data''' ('''DTED''') is a standard and format for storing terrain elevation data. It is standardized as MIL-PRF-89020B.

== Identifiers ==
[[PRONOM]] lists the following file extensions: .dted, .dt0, .dt1, .dt2, .avg, .min, .max

== Specifications ==
* [http://everyspec.com/MIL-PRF/MIL-PRF-080000-99999/MIL-PRF-89020B_25316/ Specifications from EverySpec]

== Software ==
* [https://gdal.org/ GDAL]
* [https://wiki.tcl-lang.org/page/Img TkImg]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/digitalTerrainElevationData}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: DTED]]

[[Category:Military]]

TkImg RAW

2026-01-31T15:33:01Z

Sembiance: samples

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|raw}}
|released=2008
}}
TkImg '''RAW''' format is a simple raster graphics file format associated with the ''TkImg'' open source graphics software.

== Format details ==
A RAW file has an ASCII header with one item per line, followed by binary image data. The first line is "{{magic|Magic=RAW}}".

== Specifications ==
* Described in the TkImg img-raw man page, e.g. [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man3/img-raw.3tk.html].

== Software ==
* [https://wiki.tcl-lang.org/page/Img TkImg]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/tkImgRAW}}

FPF (FLIR)

2026-01-31T15:30:27Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|extensions={{ext|fpf}}
}}
'''FPF''' (FLIR Systems' open floating point format) is an image file format associated with FLIR Systems infrared cameras.

It is not clear what FPF officially stands for, if anything. Most sources suggest "FLIR Public Format", or something similar.

== Identification ==
An FPF file begins with ASCII "{{magic|FPF Public Image Format}}".

== Software ==
* [https://wiki.tcl-lang.org/page/Img TkImg]

== Sample files ==
* [https://github.com/achristen/Flir-Public-Format/blob/master/example1.fpf example1.fpf]
* {{DexvertSamples|image/flirFPF}}

== Links ==
* [https://sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/TagNames/FLIR.html#FPF ExifTool's list of FPF tags]
* [https://www.flir.com/ FLIR Systems website]

Tiny Stuff

2026-01-30T18:54:25Z

Sembiance: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|subcat2=Atari graphics formats
|extensions={{ext|tny}}, {{ext|tn1}}, {{ext|tn2}}, {{ext|tn3}}, {{ext|tn4}}
}}
'''Tiny Stuff''' format (or '''Tiny''' format) is an [[Run-length encoding|RLE-compressed]] image format used on Atari ST computers. It is associated with a conversion utility (''Tiny Stuff'') and viewer (''Tiny View'') by David Mumper.

== Format ==
The first byte of the file is a code indicating the image type. Palette color animation is optionally supported.

{| class="wikitable"
! Code
! Dimensions
! Colors
! Animated
! Filename extensions
|-
|0 || 320×200 || 16 || No || .TNY, .TN1
|-
|1 || 640×200 || 4 || No || .TNY, .TN2
|-
|2 || 640×400 || 2 || No || .TNY, .TN3
|-
|3 || 320×200 || 16 || Yes || .TNY, .TN1, unofficially .TN4
|-
|4 || 640×200 || 4 || Yes || .TNY, .TN2, maybe .TN5
|-
|5 || 640×400 || 2 || Yes || .TNY, .TN3, maybe .TN6
|}

Files consist of a 37-byte (if not animated) or 41-byte (if animated) header, followed by a "control" segment and a "data" segment which together form the compressed image data.

== Specifications ==
* [http://cd.textfiles.com/atarilibrary/atari_cd01/PICS/PICS.40/TINYST.DOC TINYST.DOC]
* {{EGFF|atari|Atari ST Graphics Formats File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* {{AtariForumWiki|Tiny_file_format|AtariForumWiki: Tiny file format}}

== Software ==
* [[Konvertor]]
* [[RECOIL]]
* [[XnView]]
* [http://cd.textfiles.com/atarilibrary/atari_cd01/PICS/PICS.40/ Tiny Stuff and Tiny View]
* [https://codeberg.org/kaleido/wuimg wuimg]

== Sample files ==
* http://cd.textfiles.com/atarilibrary/atari_cd01/PICS/ ...
* http://samples.libav.org/image-samples/atarist/tinystuff/
* [http://www.page6.org/st_lib/st_lib.htm ST Library] → [http://www.page6.org/st_lib/standard/st0035.php ST35] (TNY, TN1), [http://www.page6.org/st_lib/clipart/clip3.php CLIP3] (TNY, TN3), ...
* http://cd.textfiles.com/806atari/701-800/738/ (TN4)
* {{DexvertSamples|image/tinyStuff}}

== Links ==
* [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Tiny_Stuff MultimediaWiki article]

RTPatch

2026-01-28T17:00:22Z

Sembiance: info

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Archiving
|released=1991
}}

'''RTPatch''' is a proprietary commercial software-updating system produced by Pocket Soft since 1991. They produce client and server software for sending and applying updates to software systems, including the generation of diff files encompassing changes. Some aspects of their system are patented.

RTPatch Professional had the ability to create self-extracting executables using something called '''SELFEX Version 3.20''' Maybe other versions exist.

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/rtPatchSFX}}

== Links ==
* [http://www.pocketsoft.com/ Official site]
* [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6,526,574.PN.&OS=PN/6,526,574&RS=PN/6,526,574 US Patent 6,526,574]

RTPatch

2026-01-28T16:58:52Z

Sembiance: samples

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Archiving
|released=1991
}}

'''RTPatch''' is a proprietary commercial software-updating system produced by Pocket Soft since 1991. They produce client and server software for sending and applying updates to software systems, including the generation of diff files encompassing changes. Some aspects of their system are patented.

RTPatch Professional had the ability to create self-extracting executables using something called '''SELFEX Version 3.20''' Probably other versions exist.

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/rtPatchSFX}}

== Links ==
* [http://www.pocketsoft.com/ Official site]
* [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6,526,574.PN.&OS=PN/6,526,574&RS=PN/6,526,574 US Patent 6,526,574]

RTPatch

2026-01-28T16:53:11Z

Sembiance: info

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Archiving
|released=1991
}}

'''RTPatch''' is a proprietary commercial software-updating system produced by Pocket Soft since 1991. They produce client and server software for sending and applying updates to software systems, including the generation of diff files encompassing changes. Some aspects of their system are patented.

RTPatch Professional had the ability to create self-extracting executables using something called '''SELFEX Version 3.20''' Probably other versions exist.

== Links ==
* [http://www.pocketsoft.com/ Official site]
* [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6,526,574.PN.&OS=PN/6,526,574&RS=PN/6,526,574 US Patent 6,526,574]

JRchive

2026-01-28T16:47:29Z

Sembiance: samples

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|jrc}}
|released=1992
}}
'''JRchive''' is a compression/archiving utility, and its associated file format. It was developed by John Ross and JAYAR Systems. There were versions for DOS and Unix. The DOS version was distributed as shareware.

== Self-extracting archives ==
Self-extracting archives are supported, though creating them is a manual process. They use [[MS-DOS EXE|EXE]] format.

== Identification ==
Files start with the ASCII signature "{{magic|JRchive}}". In all known versions, this is followed by "<code>10</code>".

Self-extracting archives start with the bytes in the included "SELFEX" file, which is different in each version. They have an embedded archive in the ''overlay'' segment (refer to [[MS-DOS EXE#Special file positions]]).

== Software ==
* JRchive - DOS shareware
** {{CdTextfiles|pier01/025a/jrchive.zip|v1.01}} (1992-05)
** {{CdTextfiles|psl/pslv2nv10/UTILS/DOS/ARCHIVE/JRC.ZIP|v1.02 [release 1]}} (1993-11)
** {{CdTextfiles|aspcd9502/FILES/UTILFILE/JRC102.ZIP|v1.02 [release 2]}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/ARCERS/JRC110.ZIP|v1.10}} (1995-05)

The two v1.02 releases are the same, except for the documentation.

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/jrchiveSFX}}

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19961227042017/http://www.io.org/~jrsys/programs.html JAYAR Systems - Software Products] (from archive.org)

JBIG2

2026-01-28T13:47:40Z

Sembiance: samples & software

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|extensions={{ext|jb2}}, {{ext|jbig2}}
|released=2000
}}
'''JBIG2''' is a [[Patents|patent-encumbered]] standard for lossy and lossless compression of bi-level images.

A JBIG2 codestream may appear in a file by itself, or embedded in another format such as [[PDF]].

== Identification ==
JBIG2 files begin with an 8-byte signature: <code>97 4A 42 32 0D 0A 1A 0A</code>.

== See also ==
* [[JBIG]] (predecessor format)

== Specifications ==
* [http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.88/en ITU-T Rec. T.88]

== Software ==
* [http://www.ghostscript.com/jbig2dec.html jbig2dec]
* [[Konvertor]]
* [https://codeberg.org/kaleido/wuimg wuimg]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/jbig2}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:JBIG2|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.dkriesel.com/en/blog/2013/0802_xerox-workcentres_are_switching_written_numbers_when_scanning Xerox scanners/photocopiers randomly alter numbers in scanned documents]

[[Category:Graphics]]

Template Catalog (Spinnaker .TCT)

2026-01-27T14:36:11Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|tct}}
|released=~1992
}}
'''Template Catalog''' ('''.TCT''') is a file format used by at least two Windows 3.x applications by Spinnaker: ''PFS:Publisher'', and ''Brochures and Mailers''. It evidently contains raster graphics thumbnail images, associated with [[TM1 (PFS:Publisher Template)|TM1]] files.

The format is similar to [[Picture Catalog (Spinnaker .CAT)|Picture Catalog]] format.

== Identification ==
Files begin with ASCII "{{magic|CAT }}", and have "{{magic|TPLTFORM}}" at offset 8.

== Software ==
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/33975/PCPRO_1295.ISO/pfs/template.lib}}] → *.TCT
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/29636/ibm0180-0189/ibm0189.tar/ibm0189/BMW-3.ZIP/CATALOG.LIB}}]
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/30007/wbiz0230-0239/wbiz0239.tar/wbiz0239}}] → WPFSPUB*.ZIP (see WPFSPUB2.ZIP/TEMPLATE.PPK)
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/templateCatalogSpinnaker}}

[[Category:Spinnaker]]

AFX (Atari ST)

2026-01-27T14:30:29Z

Sembiance: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
}}
'''AFX''' (Automatic File eXtractor) is a transparent file compression utility for Atari ST. It was developed primarily by Thomas Quester. Much of the information about it is in German.

Its native compressed file format is a single-file variant of [[LHA|LHarc]] format.

== Discussion ==
Some of the Atari ST versions of LHarc can create and decompress AFX-compressed files. Specifically:
* At least versions 2.01d and later by Quester. (The "c" command exists in v2.01d, though it's not in the "usage" message.)
* The LHarc software by Grunenberg and Mandel, and later Haun. Seems to be the successor to Quester's LHarc.

== Format details ==

=== Compression ===
The compression method is [[LZSS (Haruhiko Okumura)|Okumura's LZSS]]. It is evidently the same as the <code>-lz5-</code> method from [[LArc]], except that the history buffer is initialized differently -- with LZSS's standard 4096-18 spaces, instead of <code>lz5</code>'s special pattern. Whether the initialization makes any difference is unknown.

=== CRC issue ===
A number of AFX files found in the wild seem to have an incorrect CRC stored in the file. The cause of this problem is unknown. At least some of them seem to decompress correctly, if the CRC is ignored. That the CRC is incorrect is confirmed by the "test" or "extract" function of Quester's LHarc.

== Identification ==
ASCII "{{magic|-afx-}}" appears at offset 2. The byte at offset 20 (the LHA "header level") is evidently always 0.

== Software ==
* {{Deark}}
* LHarc for Atari ST - v2.01X by Thomas Quester
** 2.01d German: {{CdTextfiles|ataricompendium/FILES/UMICH/TEX/CS-TEX-4.0/CSTEX4-2.ZOO|CSTEX4-2.ZOO}} → lzh.lzh → LHARC/LHARC.TTP
** 2.01L English: {{CdTextfiles|ataricompendium/FILES/COMPRESS/LZH201LE.TTP|LZH201LE.TTP}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ataricompendium/FILES/COMPRESS/LZH_201L.LZH|LZH_201L.LZH}} - Includes LHarc and AFX
** {{CdTextfiles|ataricompendium/FILES/COMPRESS/LZHSOURC.LZH|LZHSOURC.LZH}} - Source code for "LHarc 2.01m (c)Yoshi, Quester, 1988-91":
* LHarc for Atari ST - v2.20-3.xx by Grunenberg/Mandel(/Haun)
** v3.13a junior: [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/22127/STC_CD_01_1999.iso/stcd1098/anwend/lharc313}}]


== Sample files ==
* {{DiscMasterLink|search?format=afxCompressedData|DiscMaster search}}
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/afxCompressedData}}

== Links ==
* {{AtariForumWiki|AFX|AtariForumWiki: AFX}}

[[Category:Atari computers]]

AFX (Atari ST)

2026-01-27T14:30:06Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
}}
'''AFX''' (Automatic File eXtractor) is a transparent file compression utility for Atari ST. It was developed primarily by Thomas Quester. Much of the information about it is in German.

Its native compressed file format is a single-file variant of [[LHA|LHarc]] format.

== Discussion ==
Some of the Atari ST versions of LHarc can create and decompress AFX-compressed files. Specifically:
* At least versions 2.01d and later by Quester. (The "c" command exists in v2.01d, though it's not in the "usage" message.)
* The LHarc software by Grunenberg and Mandel, and later Haun. Seems to be the successor to Quester's LHarc.

== Format details ==

=== Compression ===
The compression method is [[LZSS (Haruhiko Okumura)|Okumura's LZSS]]. It is evidently the same as the <code>-lz5-</code> method from [[LArc]], except that the history buffer is initialized differently -- with LZSS's standard 4096-18 spaces, instead of <code>lz5</code>'s special pattern. Whether the initialization makes any difference is unknown.

=== CRC issue ===
A number of AFX files found in the wild seem to have an incorrect CRC stored in the file. The cause of this problem is unknown. At least some of them seem to decompress correctly, if the CRC is ignored. That the CRC is incorrect is confirmed by the "test" or "extract" function of Quester's LHarc.

== Identification ==
ASCII "{{magic|-afx-}}" appears at offset 2. The byte at offset 20 (the LHA "header level") is evidently always 0.

== Software ==
* LHarc for Atari ST - v2.01X by Thomas Quester
** 2.01d German: {{CdTextfiles|ataricompendium/FILES/UMICH/TEX/CS-TEX-4.0/CSTEX4-2.ZOO|CSTEX4-2.ZOO}} → lzh.lzh → LHARC/LHARC.TTP
** 2.01L English: {{CdTextfiles|ataricompendium/FILES/COMPRESS/LZH201LE.TTP|LZH201LE.TTP}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ataricompendium/FILES/COMPRESS/LZH_201L.LZH|LZH_201L.LZH}} - Includes LHarc and AFX
** {{CdTextfiles|ataricompendium/FILES/COMPRESS/LZHSOURC.LZH|LZHSOURC.LZH}} - Source code for "LHarc 2.01m (c)Yoshi, Quester, 1988-91":
* LHarc for Atari ST - v2.20-3.xx by Grunenberg/Mandel(/Haun)
** v3.13a junior: [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/22127/STC_CD_01_1999.iso/stcd1098/anwend/lharc313}}]


== Sample files ==
* {{DiscMasterLink|search?format=afxCompressedData|DiscMaster search}}
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/afxCompressedData}}

== Links ==
* {{AtariForumWiki|AFX|AtariForumWiki: AFX}}

[[Category:Atari computers]]

ASD Archiver

2026-01-14T14:57:28Z

Sembiance: samples

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|asd}}
|released=~1996
}}
'''ASD Archiver''' (or just '''ASD''') is a compressed archive utility, and associated '''.asd''' file format, developed by Tobias Svensson.

== Disambiguation ==
Not related to '''ASD UnPacker'''[http://old-dos.ru/index.php?page=files&&mode=files&&do=show&id=1642], a utility by Basil Popov and Egor Popov.

== Identification ==
Known versions of .asd format begin with ASCII "{{magic|ASD01}}" or "{{magic|ASD02}}", followed by byte value {{magic|0x1a}}.

== See also ==
* [[ComAnsi]] - Same author
* [[Top4]] - Same author

== Software ==
* ASD Archiver
** [{{SACFTPURL|pack|asd020.exe}} v0.2.0 Windows console binary] (1998-11-12)
** [{{SACFTPURL|pack|asd_src.zip}} v0.1.5 source code] (1997)
** [{{SACFTPURL|pack|asd_linx.zip}} v0.1.5 Linux binary]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/asdArchive}}

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030803170629/http://hem.passagen.se/svto/ Developer's website (2003 archive)]

Authorware

2026-01-13T21:55:09Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|extensions={{ext|app}}, {{ext|apr}}, {{ext|apw}}, {{ext|a#r}}, {{ext|a#p}}, {{ext|a#w}}
|released=1987
}}

'''Authorware''' is a platform and format for creating e-learning interactive programs. History available: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Authorware]

== Sofware ==
* No known 'extractor' program.

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/authorware}}
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/authorwareAPRArchive}}
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/authorwareEXE}}

[[Category:Miscellaneous File Formats]]
[[Category:Adobe]]
[[Category:Macromedia]]

Authorware

2026-01-13T21:32:36Z

Sembiance: year

Authorware

2026-01-13T21:31:11Z

Sembiance: Created Authorware page

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|extensions={{ext|app}}, {{ext|apr}}, {{ext|apw}}, {{ext|a#r}}, {{ext|a#p}}, {{ext|a#w}}
|released=≤1995
}}

'''Authorware''' is a platform and format for creating e-learning interactive programs. History available: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Authorware]

== Sofware ==
* No known 'extractor' program.

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/authorware}}
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/authorwareAPRArchive}}

[[Category:Miscellaneous File Formats]]
[[Category:Adobe]]
[[Category:Macromedia]]

WOZ disk image

2026-01-03T13:11:28Z

Sembiance: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|extensions={{ext|woz}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/2059}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/2060}}
|released=2018
}}
'''WOZ''' is an Apple II disk image format developed in 2018, designed to accurately represent the data layout on a disk, including disks with proprietary copy-protected formats. It is related to the Applesauce project.

== Format reference ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180115110331/http://evolutioninteractive.com/applesauce/woz_reference.pdf Format reference 0.9] (archived)
* [https://applesaucefdc.com/woz/reference1/ WOZ Disk Image Reference 1.0]
* [https://archive.org/details/Woz_Reference_Specification_2018_01 Format reference 1.0 at Internet Archive]
* [https://applesaucefdc.com/woz/reference2/ WOZ Disk Image Reference 2.0]

== See also ==
* [[MOOF]]

== Software ==
* See the [https://applesaucefdc.com/woz/ WOZ website] for a list of emulators and other software supporting the format.
* [https://applecommander.github.io/ AppleCommander]

== Test files ==
* [https://applesaucefdc.com/woz/ WOZ website] → [http://evolutioninteractive.com/applesauce/woz_images.zip set of test disk images]
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/wozDiskImage}}

== Links ==
* [https://applesaucefdc.com/woz/ WOZ website]
* [https://applesaucefdc.com/ Applesauce website]
* [https://wiki.reactivemicro.com/Applesauce ReActiveMicro Apple II Wiki - Applesauce]

[[Category:Apple II series]]

WOZ disk image

2026-01-03T13:10:51Z

Sembiance: /* Test files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|extensions={{ext|woz}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/2059}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/2060}}
|released=2018
}}
'''WOZ''' is an Apple II disk image format developed in 2018, designed to accurately represent the data layout on a disk, including disks with proprietary copy-protected formats. It is related to the Applesauce project.

== Format reference ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180115110331/http://evolutioninteractive.com/applesauce/woz_reference.pdf Format reference 0.9] (archived)
* [https://applesaucefdc.com/woz/reference1/ WOZ Disk Image Reference 1.0]
* [https://archive.org/details/Woz_Reference_Specification_2018_01 Format reference 1.0 at Internet Archive]
* [https://applesaucefdc.com/woz/reference2/ WOZ Disk Image Reference 2.0]

== See also ==
* [[MOOF]]

== Software ==
* See the [https://applesaucefdc.com/woz/ WOZ website] for a list of emulators and other software supporting the format.

== Test files ==
* [https://applesaucefdc.com/woz/ WOZ website] → [http://evolutioninteractive.com/applesauce/woz_images.zip set of test disk images]
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/wozDiskImage}}

== Links ==
* [https://applesaucefdc.com/woz/ WOZ website]
* [https://applesaucefdc.com/ Applesauce website]
* [https://wiki.reactivemicro.com/Applesauce ReActiveMicro Apple II Wiki - Applesauce]

[[Category:Apple II series]]

SABDU

2026-01-02T14:15:58Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|released=1991
|extensions={{ext|sdu}}
}}

'''SAB Diskette Utility''', also known as '''SABDU''', is a shareware disk utility for Windows 3.x. It was created by Stewart A. Berman.

== Identification ==

Disk image files start with the null-terminated ASCII string <code>SAB Diskette Utility</code> (hexadecimal {{magic|53 41 42 20 44 69 73 6b 65 74 74 65 20 55 74 69 6c 69 74 79 00}})<ref>[https://file-extension.net/seeker/file_extension_sdu File extension SDU details at File Extension Seeker]</ref>. A version number in the form of a null-terminated ASCII string (like <code>2.10</code>) comes next. It is unclear if this version number means the version of the program that created the file or if it tells apart variants of the file format.
According to <ref>[https://github.com/keirf/flashfloppy/issues/95 Flash Floppy Issue #95 (SDU File Format)]</ref> you can just skip the first 46 bytes and treat the remainder of the file as a regular disk image.

== Software ==

* http://www.saberman.com/SABDU/ - Latest official version (2.92) from author's website
* [https://github.com/jfdelnero/HxCFloppyEmulator HxCFloppyEmulator] allegedly supports reading SDU image files<ref>https://github.com/jfdelnero/HxCFloppyEmulator/tree/main/libhxcfe/sources/loaders/sdu_loader</ref>.
* [https://github.com/keirf/flashfloppy FlashFloppy] can also read SDU image files<ref>https://github.com/keirf/flashfloppy/blob/master/src/image/img.c</ref>.
* [https://winimage.com/winimage.htm Winimage] and its companion tool [https://winimage.com/extract.htm Extract] claim support for SDU image files.

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/sabDisketteUtilityDiskImage}}
* {{DiscMasterURL|browse/38912/AST_DataDisc_UK6050d.iso/original/astdu}} → *.SDU
* SABDU distribution archives, which usually can be found on software compilations as SABDUxxx.ZIP, also include TEST0360.SDU, TEST0720.SDU, TEST1200.SDU and TEST1440.SDU image files since version 2.10.

== References ==

<references/>

SABDU

2026-01-02T14:14:58Z

Sembiance: /* Identification */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|released=1991
|extensions={{ext|sdu}}
}}

'''SAB Diskette Utility''', also known as '''SABDU''', is a shareware disk utility for Windows 3.x. It was created by Stewart A. Berman.

== Identification ==

Disk image files start with the null-terminated ASCII string <code>SAB Diskette Utility</code> (hexadecimal {{magic|53 41 42 20 44 69 73 6b 65 74 74 65 20 55 74 69 6c 69 74 79 00}})<ref>[https://file-extension.net/seeker/file_extension_sdu File extension SDU details at File Extension Seeker]</ref>. A version number in the form of a null-terminated ASCII string (like <code>2.10</code>) comes next. It is unclear if this version number means the version of the program that created the file or if it tells apart variants of the file format.
According to <ref>[https://github.com/keirf/flashfloppy/issues/95 Flash Floppy Issue #95 (SDU File Format)]</ref> you can just skip the first 46 bytes and treat the remainder of the file as a regular disk image.

== Software ==

* http://www.saberman.com/SABDU/ - Latest official version (2.92) from author's website
* [https://github.com/jfdelnero/HxCFloppyEmulator HxCFloppyEmulator] allegedly supports reading SDU image files<ref>https://github.com/jfdelnero/HxCFloppyEmulator/tree/main/libhxcfe/sources/loaders/sdu_loader</ref>.
* [https://github.com/keirf/flashfloppy FlashFloppy] can also read SDU image files<ref>https://github.com/keirf/flashfloppy/blob/master/src/image/img.c</ref>.
* [https://winimage.com/winimage.htm Winimage] and its companion tool [https://winimage.com/extract.htm Extract] claim support for SDU image files.

== Sample files ==

* {{DiscMasterURL|browse/38912/AST_DataDisc_UK6050d.iso/original/astdu}} → *.SDU
* SABDU distribution archives, which usually can be found on software compilations as SABDUxxx.ZIP, also include TEST0360.SDU, TEST0720.SDU, TEST1200.SDU and TEST1440.SDU image files since version 2.10.

== References ==

<references/>

SABDU

2026-01-02T14:14:11Z

Sembiance: /* Identification */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|released=1991
|extensions={{ext|sdu}}
}}

'''SAB Diskette Utility''', also known as '''SABDU''', is a shareware disk utility for Windows 3.x. It was created by Stewart A. Berman.

== Identification ==

Disk image files start with the null-terminated ASCII string <code>SAB Diskette Utility</code> (hexadecimal {{magic|53 41 42 20 44 69 73 6b 65 74 74 65 20 55 74 69 6c 69 74 79 00}})<ref>[https://file-extension.net/seeker/file_extension_sdu File extension SDU details at File Extension Seeker]</ref>. A version number in the form of a null-terminated ASCII string (like <code>2.10</code>) comes next. It is unclear if this version number means the version of the program that created the file or if it tells apart variants of the file format.
According to <ref>[https://github.com/jfdelnero/HxCFloppyEmulator]</ref> you can just skip the first 46 bytes and treat the remainder of the file as a regular disk image.

== Software ==

* http://www.saberman.com/SABDU/ - Latest official version (2.92) from author's website
* [https://github.com/jfdelnero/HxCFloppyEmulator HxCFloppyEmulator] allegedly supports reading SDU image files<ref>https://github.com/jfdelnero/HxCFloppyEmulator/tree/main/libhxcfe/sources/loaders/sdu_loader</ref>.
* [https://github.com/keirf/flashfloppy FlashFloppy] can also read SDU image files<ref>https://github.com/keirf/flashfloppy/blob/master/src/image/img.c</ref>.
* [https://winimage.com/winimage.htm Winimage] and its companion tool [https://winimage.com/extract.htm Extract] claim support for SDU image files.

== Sample files ==

* {{DiscMasterURL|browse/38912/AST_DataDisc_UK6050d.iso/original/astdu}} → *.SDU
* SABDU distribution archives, which usually can be found on software compilations as SABDUxxx.ZIP, also include TEST0360.SDU, TEST0720.SDU, TEST1200.SDU and TEST1440.SDU image files since version 2.10.

== References ==

<references/>

Disk Express

2026-01-02T13:59:40Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|extensions={{ext|dxp}}, special
|released=1991
}}

'''Disk Express''' (stylized as '''Disk eXPress''') is a shareware utility for PCDOS and OS/2 by Albert J. Shan, allowing floppy disks to be imaged. A disk image could be saved either as a data file, or as an executable that when run wrote its contents back to diskette.

== Identification ==

If the file is not executable, it begins with a 512-byte header. The first two bytes will be 'AS' and the third will be a version number, 0-2.

If the file is executable, it starts with an [[MS-DOS EXE]] header. Bytes 2-5 of the header give the length of the executable portion, as normal. The disk image header starting with 'AS' is found four bytes after the executable portion.

Executable files use the .EXE extension.

== Structure ==

=== Executable loader ===

Depending on the options selected when the disk was imaged, the executable loader (if present) will either be in [[MS-DOS EXE]] or [[New Executable]] format (for OS/2). It is followed by a 4-byte checksum and then the disk image data.

=== Disk image header ===

The disk image has a 512-byte header:

{| class="wikitable"
! Offset
! Size
! Description
|-
|0x000 || 2 bytes || Magic number, <code>AS</code>
|-
|0x002 || 1 byte || Major version of Disk Express required to write this file (2 in files generated by v2.x)
|-
|0x003 || 1 byte || Minor version required to write this file (30 if 'encrypted' or 'bad sectors' flags are set, otherwise 0)
|-
|0x004 || 1 byte || Release of Disk Express that created this file (single ASCII character)
|-
|0x005 || 1 byte || Disk capacity:
{| class="wikitable"
! Value
! Meaning
|-
|0 || 160k
|-
|1 || 180k
|-
|2 || 320k
|-
|3 || 360k
|-
|4 || 720k
|-
|5 || 1.2M
|-
|6 || 1.4M
|-
|7 || 2.8M
|}
|-
|0x006 || 4 bytes || [[CRC-32]] of disk data
|-
|0x00A || 1 byte || Compression type: 0 for uncompressed, 1-2 for compressed
|-
|0x00B || 1 byte || Last cylinder imaged
|-
|0x00C || 1 byte || Last head imaged
|-
|0x00D || 1 byte || Always 0
|-
|0x00E || 1 byte || Bitwise flags:
{| class="wikitable"
! Value
! Meaning
|-
|0x01 || Non-DOS disk
|-
|0x02 || Encrypted disk image
|-
|0x04 || Contains bad sectors
|}
|-
|0x00F || 1 byte || Always 0
|-
|0x010 || 4 bytes || Passphrase hash (if encrypted)
|-
|0x014 || 284 bytes || Always 0
|-
|0x130 || 4 bytes || CRC-32 of file header
|-
|0x134 || 200 bytes || File description: 5 lines each of 40 characters, [[CP437]] character set
|-
|0x1FC || 4 bytes || CRC-32 of description
|}

=== Sector data ===

The imaged sectors follow the header with no further header or trailer information. The default behaviour of Disk Express is to record up to the last allocated block on the disk, so the amount of data stored may be less than the media type in the header block.

If the file is compressed, then each track is compressed separately. Each track in this case is preceded by a little-endian word, giving the length of the compressed data. There are special cases if the length is 1 (in which case all bytes in the track are the same) or if it is the same as the uncompressed length (in which case the track is not compressed).

== Software ==

* [{{CdTextfilesURL|640swstudio/UTILITY/DKEXP101.ZIP}} Disk eXPress v1.01]
* [{{CdTextfilesURL|nopv07/020A/DKEXP1.ZIP}} Disk eXPress v1.02]
* {{DiscMasterLink|browse/14387/winos2_a.zip/winos2_a/OS2/UTILITY/DISK/DXP196B.ZIP|Disk eXPress v1.96 (beta)}}
* {{DiscMasterLink|browse/21352/La_Coleccion_Walnut_Creek_Junio_1993.iso/dos/diskette/dxp200.zip|Disk eXPress v2.00}}
* [{{CdTextfilesURL|pier01/017a/dxp203.zip}} Disk eXPress v2.03]
* [{{CdTextfilesURL|pier02/002a/dxp210.zip}} Disk eXPress v2.10]
* [{{CdTextfilesURL|pier02/026a/dxp21a.zip}} Disk eXPress v2.10a]
* [{{CdTextfilesURL|nopv10/015a/dxp220.zip}} Disk eXPress v2.20]
* [{{CdTextfilesURL|hobbesos2/ALL/DISKUTIL/DXP230.ZIP}} Disk eXPress v2.30]
* [{{CdTextfilesURL|nopv11/016A/DXP231.ZIP}} Disk eXPress v2.31]
* [{{CdTextfilesURL|nopv13/039A/DXP232.ZIP}} Disk eXPress v2.32]
* [{{CdTextfilesURL|swextrav4-4/os2utilf/dxp233.zip}} Disk eXPress v2.33]
* [{{SACFTPURL|utildisk|dxp234.zip}} Disk eXPress v2.34]

== Sample files ==
Self-extracting images created by regular shareware and licensed versions
* https://dl.dell.com/chipset/Kniea001.exe → DD0377p1.EXE, DD0377p2.EXE
* https://ftpmirror.infania.net/sites/ct_treiber_service/treiber/toshiba/dos_driv/tcm30.exe → TCM3DISK.EXE - Encrypted image

Self-extracting images created by special versions licensed for IBM
* {{CdTextfilesURL|pier/pier03/035/vp162fix.zip}} → VP162FIX.EXE
* http://phoenix.bnbbbs.net/files/os2swbbs/ndrivers/164adap2.exe

Self-extracting images
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/diskExpressSFX}}

Standalone disk images
* [https://archive.org/download/2015.02.old-dos.ru 2015.02.old-dos.ru] → 2015.02.maxxx.tar → maxxx/DOS/System/DRdos/Drdos50/4dxp/DRD50-*.DXP - Uncompressed, version 2.x
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/diskExpress}}

[[Category:Executable envelopes]]

VITec

2025-12-28T15:59:00Z

Sembiance: sample files

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|vitec}}, {{ext|vit}}
|released=~1992?
}}
'''VITec image format''', or '''VITec format''', is a raster graphics format associated with ''VITec ELT'' (Electronic Light Table), an image processing application designed for use with geospatial data.

VITec ELT seems to have been owned by a number of different corporations and subsidiaries over the years, including GDE Systems, VITec Imaging, Tracor, and BAE Systems. It is unclear what relationship it has with [https://www.vitec.com/ VITEC], the current owner of the vitec.com domain name.

== Discussion ==
We have not found any specifications for the format. It supports at least truecolor and grayscale images. It appears to be uncompressed, and Image Alchemy says that it can optionally be tiled.

The Programmer's Guide document in the Links section below mentions the VITec format a number of times, and indicates that the file extension is '''.vitec'''. The description of the ''OpenVITecFile'' function on page 4–7 might give some clues about what sort of information is stored in the file.

Some sources[http://filext.com/file-extension/VIT] call this format '''VITec scanner raster format''', and say it is associated with VITec scanners. Although VITEC does make devices with features that could be called "scanning", we're not convinced that the VITec format really is associated with scanners.

== Identification ==
Some or all files begin with bytes {{magic|00 5b 07 20}}, most likely followed by {{magic|00 00 00 2c}}.

== Format details ==
''This is a partial decoding of the format, based on reverse engineering and guesswork.''

Most fields are 4-byte big-endian integers. Fields not listed below are unknown, and are observed to have the value 0.

{| class="wikitable"
! Offset !! Length !! Field !! Observed values !! Details
|-
|0 || 4 || signature || hex: 00 5b 07 20 ||
|-
|4 || 4 || size1 || 44 || Size of this segment of the file, in bytes from the beginning of this field
|-
|4+size1 || 4 || size2 || 68 || Size of this segment of the file, in bytes from the beginning of this field
|-
|4+size1+4 || 4 || image_data_size || || Image data size in bytes
|-
|4+size1+24 || 4 || ? || 7 || Unknown
|-
|4+size1+36 || 4 || width || || Image width in pixels
|-
|4+size1+40 || 4 || height || || Image height in pixels
|-
|4+size1+52 || 4 || ? || 1 for grayscale, 0 for RGB || Unknown
|-
|4+size1+56 || 4 || num_samples || 1 for grayscale, 3 for RGB || Number of samples per pixel
|-
|4+size1+size2 || image_data_size || image_data ||
|A sequence of ''num_samples'' image planes. If applicable, planes are in the order red, green, blue. Each plane has ''height'' rows of ''width'' 8-bit samples. Each row is padded to the next multiple of 8 bytes.
|}

== Software ==
* [[XnView]]
* [[Image Alchemy]]
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/vitec}}

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19980613015528/http://www.vitec.com/default.htm VITec Imaging website (1998 archive)]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/19980613015652/http://www.vitec.com/docs/apptools.ps VITec ELT Application Kit / Programmer's Guide]

[[Category:Geospatial]]

HEX (Unifont)

2025-12-28T15:54:52Z

Sembiance: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Fonts
|extensions={{ext|hex}}
|released=1998
}}
'''HEX''' is a bitmap font format associated with the GNU Unifont project. It is a plain text-based format, and uses [[hex encoding]]. It is very limited, and used mainly as an intermediate format.

GNU Unifont is a project to create and maintain a free bitmap font containing all of the defined characters in [[Unicode]]'s ''Basic Multilingual Plane''. Many non-BMP characters are also covered in some way, though they seem to be second-class citizens.

== Software ==
* [https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/unifont/ Unifont] (also [http://unifoundry.com/pub/unifont/ here)]
** <code>hex2bdf</code>, <code>bdfimplode</code>, <code>hex2sfd</code>, <code>unifontpic</code>, <code>unifont-viewer</code>, etc.
* {{Deark}}

== Example ==

Glyph for ASCII capital 'A'.
<code>

0041:0000000018242442427E424242420000
</code>

Decoded to bitmap with 0 as "." and 1 as "@", this line gives :
<code>
........
........
........
........
...@@...
..@..@..
..@..@..
.@....@.
.@....@.
.@@@@@@.
.@....@.
.@....@.
.@....@.
.@....@.
........
........
</code>

== Samples files ==
* [https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/unifont/unifont-11.0.02/unifont-11.0.02.tar.gz unifont-11.0.02.tar.gz] → font/precompiled/unifont-11.0.02.hex, etc.

== Links ==
* [http://unifoundry.com/unifont/index.html Unifoundry.com GNU Unifont page]
* [[Wikipedia:GNU Unifont]]
** [[Wikipedia:GNU Unifont#The .hex font format]]
* http://czyborra.com/unifont/

Read-A-Matic

2025-12-28T15:45:03Z

Sembiance: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Executable envelopes
|released=1994
}}
'''Read-A-Matic''' is a menu-driven DOS utility for converting a text file to an [[MS-DOS EXE|EXE]] file that, when executed, displays a text in a full-screen viewer. It was developed by Michael L. Wester.

== Discussion ==
The executable part of a generated file is pre-compressed with [[PKLITE]].

When a generated file has finished executing, it may print a message implying it was made by something named "README.EXE".

== Identification ==
Files made by a given version start with the bytes in the included RAM.OVL file.

Only v1.0 has been found, though there was probably also a registered version of it.

== Software ==
* {{CdTextfiles|cream06/editor/ram10.zip|Read-A-Matic v1.0}}
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|nopv17/031A/DKCARE20.ZIP|DKCARE20.ZIP}} → DISK.EXE (self-extracting ZIP) → README.EXE
* [https://archive.org/details/value-ware-software-sharewares/1.jpg Value-Ware Software Sharewares] → DESPAIR/README.EXE
* {{DexvertSamples|document/readAMatic}}

Read-A-Matic

2025-12-28T15:44:52Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Executable envelopes
|released=1994
}}
'''Read-A-Matic''' is a menu-driven DOS utility for converting a text file to an [[MS-DOS EXE|EXE]] file that, when executed, displays a text in a full-screen viewer. It was developed by Michael L. Wester.

== Discussion ==
The executable part of a generated file is pre-compressed with [[PKLITE]].

When a generated file has finished executing, it may print a message implying it was made by something named "README.EXE".

== Identification ==
Files made by a given version start with the bytes in the included RAM.OVL file.

Only v1.0 has been found, though there was probably also a registered version of it.

== Software ==
* {{CdTextfiles|cream06/editor/ram10.zip|Read-A-Matic v1.0}}

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|nopv17/031A/DKCARE20.ZIP|DKCARE20.ZIP}} → DISK.EXE (self-extracting ZIP) → README.EXE
* [https://archive.org/details/value-ware-software-sharewares/1.jpg Value-Ware Software Sharewares] → DESPAIR/README.EXE
* {{DexvertSamples|document/readAMatic}}

PCPaint BSAVE

2025-12-28T15:31:31Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|pic}}
|released=1984
}}
'''PCPaint BSAVE''' refers to a raster image format associated with the PCPaint family of software. For more information about PCPaint and its other formats, see [[PCPaint PIC]].

It is really a set of two formats, which we might call "standard" and "compressed".

== Format details ==
=== Standard ===
Standard PCPaint BSAVE is a subformat and extension of [[BSAVE Image]] format.

The signature "<code>PCPaint V1.0</code>" or "<code>PCPaint V1.5</code>" usually appears in the file, usually at offset 8007. Following it are two bytes: one giving the palette (0 to 5), and one giving the color of the first palette entry (0 through 15).

Note that the version number in the signature does not necessarily indicate the version of PCPaint that created the file.

The extension does not appear in all BSAVE files created by PCPaint. It depends on the image type and PCPaint version.

=== Compressed ===
Compressed PCPaint BSAVE was introduced in PCPaint 1.5. It looks superficially like a BSAVE format, but it may be better to think of it as a special compressed file format. It can be decompressed to standard PCPaint BSAVE format in a straightforward manner.

It is identified by the "data size" field (two bytes at offset 5) being 0.

Starting at offset 11 is a sequence of compressed blocks, each with a 5-byte header, with the same format as in [[PCPaint PIC]].

== Identification ==
Standard:

The only way to distinguish standard PCPaint BSAVE from other [[BSAVE Image#Identification|BSAVE]] files is by the presence of the "{{magic|PCPaint V1.0}}" or "{{magic|PCPaint V1.5}}" signature, usually at offset 8007.

Compressed:

Known files start with bytes {{magic|fd 00 b8 00 00 00 00 00 40 02 00 ?? ?? 00 20}}, though this might not account for all possible files. A less strict signature would be just the first 7 bytes.

The ASCII string "{{magic|PCPaint V1.5}}" very likely appears somewhere in the file, but it is theoretically possible for it to be messed up by the compression.

== Specifications ==
* {{EGFF|pictor|Pictor PC Paint File Format Summary}} from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]] - Section named "BSAVE format"

== Software ==
* PCPaint/Pictor: Refer to [[PCPaint PIC#Software]]. Most PCPaint software can read compressed format, but perhaps only the hard-to-find v1.5 can create it.
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
Standard:
* [https://winworldpc.com/product/pc-paint/100a PC Paint 1.00A, at WinWorld] → *.PIC

Compressed:
* [https://winworldpc.com/product/pc-paint/2x PC Paint 2.x, at WinWorld] - About half of the included .PIC files are compressed BSAVE.
* {{DexvertSamples|image/bsaveCompressed}}

CRUSH

2025-12-28T15:12:20Z

Sembiance: /* Sofware */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|cru}}, {{ext|cri}}, special
|released=1994
}}
'''CRUSH''' is an archiving utility for DOS. It was developed by Jeff Rollason and PocketWare, and distributed as shareware.

== Disambiguation ==
Not to be confused with:
* The "crushed" compression method used by [[PAK (ARC extension)]]
* [[ARQ|ARQ Crusher!]], or the ''Crusher'' data compression software by DC Micro Development
* [[CRUSH (Ilya Muravyov)|CRUSH]] - An experimental file compressor by Ilya Muravyov [https://sourceforge.net/projects/crush/]

== Discussion ==
CRUSH writes files to its native uncompressed .CRU archive format, then uses an external compression program, such as [[PKZIP]], to compress the CRU file. The theory is that a single large file usually compresses better than multiple small files. CRUSH tries to order the files so as to optimize the compression ratio.

CRUSH can optionally create and use an index file (.CRI), outside of the compressed archive.

== Identification ==
CRU and CRI files start with ASCII "{{magic|CRUSH v}}", and apparently have {{magic|0x0a 0x1a 0x00}} at offset 10.

The 4-byte integer at offset 22 has value 26 ({{magic|1a 00 00 00}}) for CRI, or a generally larger value for CRU.

== Specifications ==
* {{CdTextfiles|pdos9606/ARCHIVER/TOOLS/CRUSH18.ZIP|CRUSH18.ZIP}} → MANUAL.DOC, "Technical Details" section

== Sofware ==
* CRUSH (DOS software)
** {{CdTextfiles|nightowl/nopv13/014A/CRUSH10.ZIP|v1.0}}
** [https://archive.org/details/Best_of_Walnut_Creek_CD-ROM_Walnut_Creek_April_1995 Best of Walnut Creek CD ROM (April 1995)] → DISCS/SIMTEL/CRUSH11.ZIP - v1.1
** {{CdTextfiles|nightowl/nopv15/014A/CRUSH13.ZIP|v1.3}}
** {{CdTextfiles|pdos9606/ARCHIVER/TOOLS/CRUSH18.ZIP|v1.8}}
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/crush}}

Binary II

2025-12-28T15:09:41Z

Sembiance: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|bny}}, {{ext|bqy}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q105854138}}
}}

'''Binary II''' (or '''Binary ][''') is a file format used for storage and transmission of Apple II files which encodes the file attributes (from any of the various Apple II or III filesystems, such as [[Apple DOS file system|DOS 3.3]] and [[ProDOS file system|ProDOS]]) in a header, allowing the file to be reconstituted at the other end of a transmission with all the directory information intact.

The usual file extension was .bny (which sometimes got pronounced as "bunny"), while versions compressed with [[Squeeze]] were commonly found with .bqy extensions.

== Identification ==
A Binary II file starts with bytes {{magic|0x0a 'G' 'L'}}, and the byte at offset 18 is {{magic|0x02}}.

== Specifications ==
* Apple II File Type Notes $E0/8000: [https://nulib.com/library/FTN.e08000.htm (text)] · [http://www.1000bit.it/support/manuali/apple/technotes/ftyp/ftn.e0.8000.html (HTML)] · [https://web.archive.org/web/20191230233410/http://apple2online.com/web_documents/ft_e0.8000_binary_ii.pdf (PDF - archived)]
* [https://gswv.apple2.org.za/a2zine/GS.WorldView/Resources/The.MacShrinkIt.Project/ARCHIVES.TXT ARCHIVE FORMATS AND DATA, by Raymond Clay] - "BINARY ][" section

== Software ==
* [https://nulib.com/index.htm NuLib, NuLib2, NufxLib]
* [{{SACFTPURL|pack|ibmnulib.zip}} NuLib v3.24] (DOS software)
* [[ShrinkIt]] (Apple II software)
* {{Deark}}

Note: Many Binary II archives contain just a single file, which can be recovered in a crude way simply by deleting the first 128 bytes of the archive.

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/binary2}}

[[Category:Apple II series]]

EA archive

2025-12-28T14:51:12Z

Sembiance: software

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|ea}}, {{ext|pea}}
|released=≤1989
}}
'''EA archive''' (official name unknown) is a compressed installer-archive format used in some Electronic Arts software.

== Format details ==
Each archive member has a field for the compression method. Known methods are 0 for uncompressed, and 1 for [[LZW]]. The LZW implementation appears to be fairly typical, similar to [[Zoo]] but with a maximum code size of 12 instead of 13.

== Identification ==
Files start with byte {{magic|0x1a}}, followed by ASCII "{{magic|EA}}".

== Software ==
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/38280/doswares.zip/doswares/GRAPH/DP2E}}] → .../*.EA
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/33121/ibm0000-0009/ibm0003.tar/ibm0003/CARTUNN1.ZIP}}] → *.PEA
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/eaArchive}}

[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

EA archive

2025-12-28T14:51:00Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|ea}}, {{ext|pea}}
|released=≤1989
}}
'''EA archive''' (official name unknown) is a compressed installer-archive format used in some Electronic Arts software.

== Format details ==
Each archive member has a field for the compression method. Known methods are 0 for uncompressed, and 1 for [[LZW]]. The LZW implementation appears to be fairly typical, similar to [[Zoo]] but with a maximum code size of 12 instead of 13.

== Identification ==
Files start with byte {{magic|0x1a}}, followed by ASCII "{{magic|EA}}".

== Sample files ==
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/38280/doswares.zip/doswares/GRAPH/DP2E}}] → .../*.EA
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/33121/ibm0000-0009/ibm0003.tar/ibm0003/CARTUNN1.ZIP}}] → *.PEA
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/eaArchive}}

[[Category:Electronic Arts]]

DXP (image format)

2025-12-28T14:44:12Z

Sembiance: software

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|dxp}}
|released=≤2002
}}
'''DXP''' (official name unknown) is a graphics file format that was used in some video games.

Most files use [[zlib]] compression, though some are uncompressed.

See also [[DXA (video format)]].

== Discussion ==
DXP is probably associated with something called Dexter, by Paul Burkey, and maybe the company Shoecake Games. It's not clear what Dexter ''is''; best guess is that it's a framework for portable video game development.

Executable files that use DXP are observed to contain the strings "DexterApp" and "Dexter Application".

One header file from Dexter has been found: {{DiscMasterLink|view/27092/MF_UK_178_1.iso/DiscContents/Software/Games%20toolkit/CornerChaos%201.1c/cornerchaos-osx.dmg/CornerChaos.app/Contents/Frameworks/dexter-net.h|dexter-net.h}}.

== Identification ==
DXP files start with ASCII "{{magic|DXP1}}".

== Software ==
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* [https://archive.org/details/macformat-mf-uk-cds MacFormat UK Cover CDs] → MF_UK_160_2.iso → DiscContent/Games/Barkanoid Demo/data/gfx/...
* {{DiscMasterLink|search?detection=44585031*&sortBy=b3sum&showItemName=showItemName|DiscMaster search}}
* {{DexvertSamples|image/dxpCompressedBitmap}}

DXP (image format)

2025-12-28T14:43:57Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|dxp}}
|released=≤2002
}}
'''DXP''' (official name unknown) is a graphics file format that was used in some video games.

Most files use [[zlib]] compression, though some are uncompressed.

See also [[DXA (video format)]].

== Discussion ==
DXP is probably associated with something called Dexter, by Paul Burkey, and maybe the company Shoecake Games. It's not clear what Dexter ''is''; best guess is that it's a framework for portable video game development.

Executable files that use DXP are observed to contain the strings "DexterApp" and "Dexter Application".

One header file from Dexter has been found: {{DiscMasterLink|view/27092/MF_UK_178_1.iso/DiscContents/Software/Games%20toolkit/CornerChaos%201.1c/cornerchaos-osx.dmg/CornerChaos.app/Contents/Frameworks/dexter-net.h|dexter-net.h}}.

== Identification ==
DXP files start with ASCII "{{magic|DXP1}}".

== Sample files ==
* [https://archive.org/details/macformat-mf-uk-cds MacFormat UK Cover CDs] → MF_UK_160_2.iso → DiscContent/Games/Barkanoid Demo/data/gfx/...
* {{DiscMasterLink|search?detection=44585031*&sortBy=b3sum&showItemName=showItemName|DiscMaster search}}
* {{DexvertSamples|image/dxpCompressedBitmap}}

BMG (Bert's Coloring Programs)

2025-12-28T14:39:32Z

Sembiance: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|bmg}}, {{ext|ibg}}
|released=≤1993
}}
'''BMG''' is a raster graphics format associated with a set of DOS programs for children collectively described as ''Bert's Coloring Programs''. There is also at least one non-"Bert" program that uses BMG format. The programs were developed by Theron Wierenga.

A BMG file is structured as a standard [[PCX]] file, always 560×480 pixels, but unfortunately its colors are not interpreted in the standard way.

== Discussion ==
Programs known to use BMG:
* Bert's African Animals
* Bert's Christmas
* Bert's Dinosaurs
* Bert's Prehistoric Animals
* Bert's Whales and Dolphins
* Rachel's Fashion Dolls

Similar programs by the same author that do ''not'' use BMG format include Bert's Dinosaurs v5.0 for Windows, and Peter's Warbirds / Peter's Airplanes.

Each program uses a fixed 16-color palette, but the palette differs by program and version. The correct palette is usually not written to the file (one exception seems to be Bert's Christmas v3.2). The palette in the file may be all-black, or may just be wrong.

You can save an image using one program, then load it into a different program, and in many cases its colors will be different.

(Sure, changing colors is the point of this type of software. But this isn't a great way to do it.)

== Identification ==
For what it's worth, it seems possible to distinguish BMG from other PCX files, with good reliability. The first 16 bytes of a BMG file, and the 10 bytes at offset 64, are probably always the same, and some of the fields there are fairly distinctive. And there are probably only a few possibilities for the 48-byte pseudo-palette at offset 16.

== Software ==
* Bert's etc. (selected releases)
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bertaf30.zip|Bert's African Animals v3.0}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/baacc32.zip|Bert's African Animals v3.2}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/EDUCATE/BERTAA46.ZIP|Bert's African Animals v4.6}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bccc32.zip|Bert's Christmas v3.2}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/EDUCATE/BERTCA46.ZIP|Bert's Christmas v4.6}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bdcc32.zip|Bert's Dinosaurs v3.2}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/EDUCATE/BERTDA46.ZIP|Bert's Dinosaurs v4.6}}
** {{CdTextfiles|pier10/048/bertwn50.zip|Bert's Dinosaurs for Windows v5.0}} (for reference)
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bertpa30.zip|Bert's Prehistoric Animals v3.0}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bpacc32.zip|Bert's Prehistoric Animals v3.2}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/EDUCATE/BERTPA46.ZIP|Bert's Prehistoric Animals v4.6}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bertwd30.zip|Bert's Whales and Dolphins v3.0}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bwdcc32.zip|Bert's Whales and Dolphins v3.2}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/EDUCATE/BERTWA46.ZIP|Bert's Whales and Dolphins v4.6}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/EDUCATE/DOLLA26.ZIP|Rachel's Fashion Dolls 2.6}}
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* Each release includes an example .BMG file, and an .IBG file (same format, for internal use).
* {{DexvertSamples|image/bertsColoringPrograms}}

BMG (Bert's Coloring Programs)

2025-12-28T14:39:09Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|bmg}}, {{ext|ibg}}
|released=≤1993
}}
'''BMG''' is a raster graphics format associated with a set of DOS programs for children collectively described as ''Bert's Coloring Programs''. There is also at least one non-"Bert" program that uses BMG format. The programs were developed by Theron Wierenga.

A BMG file is structured as a standard [[PCX]] file, always 560×480 pixels, but unfortunately its colors are not interpreted in the standard way.

== Discussion ==
Programs known to use BMG:
* Bert's African Animals
* Bert's Christmas
* Bert's Dinosaurs
* Bert's Prehistoric Animals
* Bert's Whales and Dolphins
* Rachel's Fashion Dolls

Similar programs by the same author that do ''not'' use BMG format include Bert's Dinosaurs v5.0 for Windows, and Peter's Warbirds / Peter's Airplanes.

Each program uses a fixed 16-color palette, but the palette differs by program and version. The correct palette is usually not written to the file (one exception seems to be Bert's Christmas v3.2). The palette in the file may be all-black, or may just be wrong.

You can save an image using one program, then load it into a different program, and in many cases its colors will be different.

(Sure, changing colors is the point of this type of software. But this isn't a great way to do it.)

== Identification ==
For what it's worth, it seems possible to distinguish BMG from other PCX files, with good reliability. The first 16 bytes of a BMG file, and the 10 bytes at offset 64, are probably always the same, and some of the fields there are fairly distinctive. And there are probably only a few possibilities for the 48-byte pseudo-palette at offset 16.

== Software ==
* Bert's etc. (selected releases)
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bertaf30.zip|Bert's African Animals v3.0}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/baacc32.zip|Bert's African Animals v3.2}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/EDUCATE/BERTAA46.ZIP|Bert's African Animals v4.6}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bccc32.zip|Bert's Christmas v3.2}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/EDUCATE/BERTCA46.ZIP|Bert's Christmas v4.6}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bdcc32.zip|Bert's Dinosaurs v3.2}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/EDUCATE/BERTDA46.ZIP|Bert's Dinosaurs v4.6}}
** {{CdTextfiles|pier10/048/bertwn50.zip|Bert's Dinosaurs for Windows v5.0}} (for reference)
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bertpa30.zip|Bert's Prehistoric Animals v3.0}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bpacc32.zip|Bert's Prehistoric Animals v3.2}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/EDUCATE/BERTPA46.ZIP|Bert's Prehistoric Animals v4.6}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bertwd30.zip|Bert's Whales and Dolphins v3.0}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbcurrsh1/games/bwdcc32.zip|Bert's Whales and Dolphins v3.2}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/EDUCATE/BERTWA46.ZIP|Bert's Whales and Dolphins v4.6}}
** {{CdTextfiles|simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/EDUCATE/DOLLA26.ZIP|Rachel's Fashion Dolls 2.6}}

== Sample files ==
* Each release includes an example .BMG file, and an .IBG file (same format, for internal use).
* {{DexvertSamples|image/bertsColoringPrograms}}

PCX2EXE (Arminio Grgic)

2025-12-26T15:49:28Z

Sembiance: sample files

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|released=1996
}}
:''See also the [[PCX2EXE]] disambiguation page.''

'''PCX2EXE''' is a DOS utility that converts a [[PCX]] image file to an [[MS-DOS EXE|EXE]] file that, when executed, displays the image. It was developed Arminio Grgic and M&G Software. The documentation is apparently in Croatian or Bosnian.

''This article is based on version 1.0β, the only known version.''

PCX2EXE only supports PCX files that are exactly 320x200, 256-color.

An [[ANSI Art]]-like image can also be included in the file, to be printed to the screen as the viewer ends.

== Format details ==
The generated files are compressed with a hacked variant of [[LZEXE]] format.

== Identification ==
Undetermined. The first 7168 bytes of a generated EXE file are probably always the same, but most of that is compressed, or is common to many LZEXE-compressed files. There is some non-compressed, PCX2EXE-specific, code at the ''entry point'' (offset 7088) (refer to [[MS-DOS EXE#Special file positions]]), which might be useful for fingerprinting.

== Software ==
* [{{SACFTPURL|graph|pcx2exe.zip}} PCX2EXE v1.0β]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/pcx2exeArminioGrgic}}

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/19990203173241/http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Way/9629/dl.htm Website] (archived)

[[Category:Executable envelopes]]

PCX2COM

2025-12-26T15:31:00Z

Sembiance: software & samples

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|released=1997?
}}
'''PCX2COM''' is a DOS utility that converts a [[PCX]] image file to a [[DOS executable (.com)|COM]] file that, when executed, displays the image. It was developed by "Dr.Destiny" (contact: Pavel Kanzelsberger ml.).

It only supports images that are exactly 320x200 pixels, 256 colors.

== Identification ==
The first 152 bytes of the generated COM file are probably always the same.

Some of these bytes are an obfuscated (XOR 0x80) text message. For example, the following bytes at offset 104 decode to "Self PCX Viewer, Dr.Destiny":

d3 e5 ec e6 a0 d0 c3 d8 a0 d6 e9 e5 f7 e5 f2 ac
a0 c4 f2 ae c4 e5 f3 f4 e9 ee f9

== Software ==
* [{{SACFTPURL|graph|pcx2com.zip}} PCX2COM v1.0]
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|image/pcx2com}}

[[Category:Executable envelopes]]

Mah Jongg -V-G-A- tile set

2025-12-26T12:11:50Z

Sembiance: /* Software */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|tis}}, {{ext|til}}, {{ext|icn}}, {{ext|cfg}}
|released=≤1989 (TIL/ICN), 1989 (TIS)
}}
This article describes the tile set graphics formats associated with '''Mah Jongg VGA''' (stylized as '''Mah Jongg -V-G-A-''', and sometimes abbreviated '''MJVGA'''), a ''Mahjong solitaire'' game for DOS by Ron Balewski. (Note that there are several different accepted spellings of ''Mahjong''.)

A tile set may consist of a single '''.TIS''' file (supported by v2.1+), or it may be broken down into 44 '''.TIL''' files (named V00.TIL to V43.TIL) and one PAL.CFG file.

Early versions of the game use extension '''.ICN''' for the TIL files. It is the same format.

TIS format is also supported by '''Mah Jongg for Windows''' (sometimes abbreviated '''MJ/Windows''' or '''MJWIN'''), by the same author.

Compare to [[Mah Jongg (Nels Anderson) tile set]].

== Identification ==
TIL files seem to always start with the same 6 bytes: {{magic|a6 05 2b 00 3b 00}}. They are exactly 1448 bytes in size.

A TIS file consists of a 96-byte header, followed by a sequence of 44 embedded TIL files, followed by a variable-sized palette. So, bytes {{magic|a6 05 2b 00 3b 00}} appears at offset 96. Given the structure of the palette, the total file size should be from 63920 to 63968 bytes.

== Software ==
Utilities often included with the software:
* The Draftsman, a tile set editor
* VIEWSET.EXE, a pattern set viewer
* UNPAKTIL.COM/PAKTIL.COM, utilities to convert from TIS to TIL and vice versa

Official software:
* Mah Jongg -V-G-A-
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbgames1994/mahjongg/mjvga.zip|v1.1}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbgames1994/mahjongg/mjvga20.zip|v2.0}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbgames1994/mahjongg/mahvga21.zip|v2.1}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbgames1994/mahjongg/mjvga22.zip|v2.2}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbgames1994/mahjongg/mjvga31.zip|v3.1}}
* {{CdTextfiles|swheaven2/windows/mjvgawin.zip|Mah Jongg for Windows, v1.0}} (for Windows 3.x)

Other:
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* [https://archive.org/details/megapack2 MegaPack II] → megagames_1.zip → MISC/MJTILES/MJVGA*.ZIP
* {{DexvertSamples|image/mahJonggVGATileSet}}

== Links ==
* [https://www.mobygames.com/game/70874/mah-jongg-v-g-a-/ Mah Jongg -V-G-A-] at MobyGames

== Further reading ==
* [[Wikipedia: Mahjong solitaire]]

[[Category:Game data files]]

Mah Jongg -V-G-A- tile set

2025-12-26T12:11:25Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|tis}}, {{ext|til}}, {{ext|icn}}, {{ext|cfg}}
|released=≤1989 (TIL/ICN), 1989 (TIS)
}}
This article describes the tile set graphics formats associated with '''Mah Jongg VGA''' (stylized as '''Mah Jongg -V-G-A-''', and sometimes abbreviated '''MJVGA'''), a ''Mahjong solitaire'' game for DOS by Ron Balewski. (Note that there are several different accepted spellings of ''Mahjong''.)

A tile set may consist of a single '''.TIS''' file (supported by v2.1+), or it may be broken down into 44 '''.TIL''' files (named V00.TIL to V43.TIL) and one PAL.CFG file.

Early versions of the game use extension '''.ICN''' for the TIL files. It is the same format.

TIS format is also supported by '''Mah Jongg for Windows''' (sometimes abbreviated '''MJ/Windows''' or '''MJWIN'''), by the same author.

Compare to [[Mah Jongg (Nels Anderson) tile set]].

== Identification ==
TIL files seem to always start with the same 6 bytes: {{magic|a6 05 2b 00 3b 00}}. They are exactly 1448 bytes in size.

A TIS file consists of a 96-byte header, followed by a sequence of 44 embedded TIL files, followed by a variable-sized palette. So, bytes {{magic|a6 05 2b 00 3b 00}} appears at offset 96. Given the structure of the palette, the total file size should be from 63920 to 63968 bytes.

== Software ==
Utilities often included with the software:
* The Draftsman, a tile set editor
* VIEWSET.EXE, a pattern set viewer
* UNPAKTIL.COM/PAKTIL.COM, utilities to convert from TIS to TIL and vice versa

Official software:
* Mah Jongg -V-G-A-
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbgames1994/mahjongg/mjvga.zip|v1.1}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbgames1994/mahjongg/mjvga20.zip|v2.0}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbgames1994/mahjongg/mahvga21.zip|v2.1}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbgames1994/mahjongg/mjvga22.zip|v2.2}}
** {{CdTextfiles|ccbgames1994/mahjongg/mjvga31.zip|v3.1}}
* {{CdTextfiles|swheaven2/windows/mjvgawin.zip|Mah Jongg for Windows, v1.0}} (for Windows 3.x)

== Sample files ==
* [https://archive.org/details/megapack2 MegaPack II] → megagames_1.zip → MISC/MJTILES/MJVGA*.ZIP
* {{DexvertSamples|image/mahJonggVGATileSet}}

== Links ==
* [https://www.mobygames.com/game/70874/mah-jongg-v-g-a-/ Mah Jongg -V-G-A-] at MobyGames

== Further reading ==
* [[Wikipedia: Mahjong solitaire]]

[[Category:Game data files]]

ZSoft ZPK2

2025-12-23T02:34:51Z

Sembiance: software

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|??$}}
|released=≤1991
}}
'''ZPK2''' is what we're calling a certain compressed installer-archive format used with, at least, early versions of PhotoFinish by ZSoft.

Filenames have an extension ending in "$". This is a little misleading, as ZPK2 is definitely a multi-file format.

ZPK2 appears to be a relatively simple format, similar to [[CP Shrink]]. It uses [[PKWARE DCL Implode]] compression.

== Identification ==
Files start with the ASCII signature "{{magic|zpk2}}".

== Software ==
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|ccbwindows93/GRAPHICS/PFDEMO.ZIP|PFDEMO.ZIP}} → *.??$
* [https://winworldpc.com/product/photofinish/10 PhotoFinish v1.0] at WinWorld → *.??$
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/zSoftPackage2}}

ZSoft ZPK2

2025-12-23T02:25:56Z

Sembiance: /* Sample files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|??$}}
|released=≤1991
}}
'''ZPK2''' is what we're calling a certain compressed installer-archive format used with, at least, early versions of PhotoFinish by ZSoft.

Filenames have an extension ending in "$". This is a little misleading, as ZPK2 is definitely a multi-file format.

ZPK2 appears to be a relatively simple format, similar to [[CP Shrink]]. It uses [[PKWARE DCL Implode]] compression.

== Identification ==
Files start with the ASCII signature "{{magic|zpk2}}".

== Sample files ==
* {{CdTextfiles|ccbwindows93/GRAPHICS/PFDEMO.ZIP|PFDEMO.ZIP}} → *.??$
* [https://winworldpc.com/product/photofinish/10 PhotoFinish v1.0] at WinWorld → *.??$
* {{DexvertSamples|archive/zSoftPackage2}}

Picture Catalog (Spinnaker .CAT)

2025-12-23T02:02:36Z

Sembiance: software & samples

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|cat}}
|released=~1992
}}
'''Picture Catalog''' ('''.CAT''') is a file format used by at least two Windows 3.x applications by Spinnaker: ''PFS:Publisher'', and ''Brochures and Mailers''. It contains thumbnail images, and other metadata.

It's plausible that the format is also used by the Spinnaker versions of ''PFS:First Publisher'', but this hasn't been determined.

The format is Windows-centric, so it's probably not used by any of the DOS software in the "PFS" family. See also [[ART (PFS: First Publisher)]].

== Format details ==
CAT appears to be derived from the [[IFF]] "CAT" aggregate format, except that it uses little-endian byte order. The [[FourCC]]s remain in the same order as they would in IFF.

== Identification ==
Files begin with ASCII "{{magic|CAT }}", and have "{{magic|CLIPFORM}}" at offset 8.

== Software ==
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/33975/PCPRO_1295.ISO/pfs/art1.lib}}] → *.CAT
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/30054/wbiz0700-0709/wbiz0704.tar/wbiz0704/BMW-3.ZIP/ARTCAT.LIB}}]
* [{{DiscMasterURL|browse/30007/wbiz0230-0239/wbiz0239.tar/wbiz0239}}] → WPFSPUB*.ZIP (see WPFSPUB2.ZIP/ART.PPK)
* {{DexvertSamples|image/pictureCatalogSpinnaker}}