Just Solve the File Format Problem - User contributions [en]

YAML

2026-03-19T08:18:20Z

Ross-spencer: Add Wikidata

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Serialization
|extensions={{ext|yaml}}, {{ext|yml}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/yaml}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/818}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q281876}}
}}
'''YAML''' (YAML Ain’t Markup Language) is a serialization format.

== Links ==
* [http://www.yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html Spec]
* [http://www.yaml.org/ Official website]

TOML

2026-03-18T20:01:19Z

Ross-spencer: Add PRONOM and Wikidata

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Configuration files
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/2065}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q28449455}}
|extensions={{ext|toml}}
|released=2013
}}
'''TOML''' (Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language) is a general-purpose configuration file format. It is a modernized variant of [[INI]].

== Language support ==

* Python: TOML was introduced into the Python standard library from [https://docs.python.org/3.12/library/tomllib.html version 3.11].

== Links ==

* [https://github.com/toml-lang/toml TOML]
* [https://docs.python.org/3.12/library/tomllib.html#conversion-table Python TOML Conversion Table]

JSON

2026-03-18T19:58:42Z

Ross-spencer: Add ffs

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Serialization
|thiscat=JSON
|extensions={{ext|json}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/json}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/817}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000381}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q2063}}
}}
'''JSON''' (JavaScript Object Notation) is widely used by web applications, APIs, mobile apps, and other programs to communicate between different systems (such as between a client and server), and as a save format for data storage. While it is named after [[JavaScript]], there are libraries for many other programming and scripting languages to let them use this format as well. It is used as the basis of a number of specialized formats; the geospatial format [[GeoJSON]] is based on JSON, as is the remote-procedure-call protocol [[JSON-RPC]] and the [[JSON-LD]] linked-data format. The IBM standard of [[JSONx]] is an [[XML]] implementation of JSON. [[I-JSON]] is a restricted profile of JSON for Internet use developed by the IETF. [[JSON Web Tokens]], [[JSON Web Encryption]], and [[JSON Web Signatures]] are JSON-based formats for security-related functions.

== Format ==

JSON is a very simply-defined format for representing data in text-based form using a few simple types, including two "compound types" which can be nested:

* '''number''': A decimal number, optionally including a decimal point or exponential notation. Leading zeroes are not allowed unless the only number before the decimal point is a single zero, or the number is equal to zero. (Other formats and programming languages may call these ''int'', ''float'', ''double'', ''long'', etc.)

* '''string''': A string of ([[Unicode]]) characters surrounded by double quotes ("). The only characters not allowed directly (without escaping) are double quotes, backslashes, or control characters; a backslash can be used to precede a quote or backslash used as a character within the string, as well as \b for backspace, \f for formfeed, \n for newline, \r for carriage return, \t for tab, and \u followed by 4 hexadecimal digits for encoding any Unicode character in the 0000-FFFF range. (Other formats and programming languages may call these ''string'' or ''array of char'').

* ''true'', ''false'', or ''nil'' are permitted as typeless values. (Other formats and programming languages may put these into boolean or pointer types.)

* '''object''': An associative array consisting of names and values, where the name and value are separated by a colon (:), the name/value pairs are separated by commas, and the whole object is surrounded by curly braces {}. The name is a (double-quoted) string, and the value can be any of the data types in JSON including another object. There is no inherent ordering to the values of an object. (Other formats and programming languages may call these ''associative arrays'', ''hashes'', ''maps'', or ''dictionaries''.)

* '''array''': An ordered collection of values, which can each be any of the JSON data types, and are separated by commas and surrounded by square brackets []. (Other formats and programming languages may call these ''arrays'', ''collections'', or ''lists''.)

== JSONP ==

'''JSONP''' is a variant of JSON, "padded" with additional [[JavaScript]] code to permit the entire data set to be a valid piece of JS code able to be imported via a <code><script></code> statement for execution. Generally the extra code will be a function call encompassing the JSON data as its parameter, but sometimes it will be a variable assignment or other code. This gets around security restrictions in browser implementations of JavaScript which limit use of external data loaded from other sites (script statements can reference outside URLs), making it both very powerful and very dangerous if misused.

Largely, JSONP has been superseded by the wider browser support for JSON and introduction of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP CORS].

== JSON Pointer ==

JSON Pointer (described in RFC 6901) is a syntax for referencing a specific value within a JSON document. It consists of a string with hierarchical elements separated by slashes (/), each element being a reference to an element of the JSON document (e.g., the label name of an object element or the numerical index of an array element). Thus, "/foo/0" represents the first (zeroth) element of the array which is at the label "foo" of a parent object. Escape sequences ~1 and ~0 are used to represent a slash (/) and a tilde (~) respectively, with ~1 being processed first to avoid misparsing strings with "~01" (which represents "~1", not "/").

== See also ==
* [[CoffeeScript-Object-Notation]]
* [[Cursive Script Object Notation]]
* [[GeoJSON]]
* [[Hjson]]
* [[I-JSON]]
* [[JMESPath]] [http://jmespath.org/]
* [[JSON API]]
* [[JSONata]]
* [[JSON-LD]]
* [[Jsonnet]]
* [[JSON Merge Patch]] (RFC 7396)
* [[JSON Patch]]
* [[JSON Pointer]] (RFC 6901)
* [[JSON-RPC]]
* [[JSON Table Schema]]
* [[JSON Type Definition]]
* [[JSONx]]
For formats based on JSON, see [[:Category:JSON based file formats]].

== Specs and schemas ==

* [http://www.json.org/ Official website] (includes spec and links to libraries in many languages)
* [http://json-schema.org/ JSON Schema]
* [http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-404.htm ECMA-404]
* RFC 4627

== Sample files ==
* [http://parltrack.euwiki.org/dumps/ Data from European Parliament in JSON form] (Source: [http://parltrack.euwiki.org/ ParlTrack])
* {{DexvertSamples|text/json}}

== Utilities ==

* [http://pro.jsonlint.com/ Linter/Validator]
* [http://www.pal-blog.de/entwicklung/perl/2013/quick-json-pretty-reformatter-json-tidy.html Quick JSON pretty reformatter / JSON-tidy]
* [https://github.com/ChimeraCoder/gojson gojson: A simple command-line tool for manipulating JSON for use in developing Go code] (generates [[Go]] structures from JSON)
* [http://golang.org/pkg/encoding/json/ Go package to encode/decode JSON]
* [http://stedolan.github.io/jq/ jq: command line JSON processor]
* [http://papaparse.com/ PapaParse: in-browser conversions between CSV and JSON]
* [http://textract.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ Textract: extract text from various document formats including JSON]
* [https://github.com/ffdev-info/jsonid jsonid] ([https://openpreservation.org/blogs/on-the-lookout-looking-for-common-json-files-and-introducing-jsonid/ more info])
* [https://github.com/mgree/ffs ffs] for mounting structured data (like JSON) as a file system for interacting with.

== Other links ==

* [[Wikipedia:JSON|Wikipedia: JSON]]
* [[Wikipedia:JSONP|Wikipedia: JSONP]]
* [http://www.infoq.com/news/2013/04/JSON-Validation?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=t.co JSON Validation Roundup]
* [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2669690/why-does-google-prepend-while1-to-their-json-responses Why does Google prepend while(1); to their JSON responses?]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/csv2json/ Generating JSON from tabular data on the Web (W3C)]
* [http://seriot.ch/parsing_json.html Parsing JSON is a Minefield] - in test with 30 JSON parsers no two parsers showed the same behaviour
* [https://apifriends.com/api-management/why-json-won-over-xml/ Why JSON won over XML]

[[Category:Metaformats]]
[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

TOML

2026-03-18T19:50:30Z

Ross-spencer: Add Python info

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Configuration files
|extensions={{ext|toml}}
|released=2013
}}
'''TOML''' (Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language) is a general-purpose configuration file format. It is a modernized variant of [[INI]].

== Language support ==

* Python: TOML was introduced into the Python standard library from [https://docs.python.org/3.12/library/tomllib.html version 3.11].

== Links ==

* [https://github.com/toml-lang/toml TOML]
* [https://docs.python.org/3.12/library/tomllib.html#conversion-table Python TOML Conversion Table]

Llms.txt

2026-03-02T19:06:41Z

Ross-spencer: Add initial entry of llms.txt

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Web
|extensions={{ext|txt}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q80776}}
}}

'''llms.txt''' is a proposed document standard by [https://jeremy.fast.ai/ Jeremy Howard] for enabling LLMs to make use of a website at inference time.

'''llms.txt''' is based on Markdown meaning it is human and machine readable. It adopts a precise structure enabling "fixed processing methods".

== Proposed structure ==

The structure is proposed as follows:

* An H1 with the name of the project or site. This is the only required section
* A blockquote with a short summary of the project, containing key information necessary for understanding the rest of the file
* Zero or more markdown sections (e.g. paragraphs, lists, etc) of any type except headings, containing more detailed information about the project and how to interpret the provided files
* Zero or more markdown sections delimited by H2 headers, containing “file lists” of URLs where further detail is available
:* Each “file list” is a markdown list, containing a required markdown hyperlink [name](url), then optionally a : and notes about the file.

== Example ==

An example might look as follows (from the documentation):

<pre>
# Title

> Optional description goes here

Optional details go here

## Section name

- [Link title](https://link_url): Optional link details

## Optional

- [Link title](https://link_url)
</pre>

== References ==

* [https://llmstxt.org/ llms.txt homepage]

Tldraw

2026-02-24T20:55:56Z

Ross-spencer: Fix link

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|tldr}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/vnd.tldraw+json}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q137039604}}
|released=2021
}}
tldraw<ref>https://www.tldraw.com/</ref> is a tiny little web-based drawing app released in 2021.<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/webdev/comments/qwovzg/tldraw_a_tiny_little_drawing_app_just_released/</ref>

==Format Information==

'''TLDR''' files are [[JSON]] text files with the key "tldrawFileFormatVersion".<ref>https://tldraw.dev/reference/tldraw/TldrawFile#tldrawFileFormatVersion</ref><ref>https://github.com/tldraw/tldraw/blob/v4.2.0/packages/tldraw/src/lib/utils/tldr/file.ts#L42</ref>

==Examples==

The given example as the top-level keys and types:

<pre>
"top_level_keys": [
"tldrawFileFormatVersion",
"schema",
"records"
],
"top_level_types": [
"integer",
"map",
"list"
],

</pre>

An example of a TLDRAW file with just the text "JustSolveIt" as an image looks as follows:

<pre>
{
"tldrawFileFormatVersion": 1,
"schema": {
"schemaVersion": 2,
"sequences": {
"com.tldraw.store": 5,
"com.tldraw.asset": 1,
"com.tldraw.camera": 1,
"com.tldraw.document": 2,
"com.tldraw.instance": 26,
"com.tldraw.instance_page_state": 5,
"com.tldraw.page": 1,
"com.tldraw.instance_presence": 6,
"com.tldraw.pointer": 1,
"com.tldraw.shape": 4,
"com.tldraw.asset.bookmark": 2,
"com.tldraw.asset.image": 5,
"com.tldraw.asset.video": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.group": 0,
"com.tldraw.shape.text": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.bookmark": 2,
"com.tldraw.shape.draw": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.geo": 11,
"com.tldraw.shape.note": 10,
"com.tldraw.shape.line": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.frame": 1,
"com.tldraw.shape.arrow": 8,
"com.tldraw.shape.highlight": 3,
"com.tldraw.shape.embed": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.image": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.video": 4,
"com.tldraw.binding.arrow": 1
}
},
"records": [
{
"gridSize": 10,
"name": "",
"meta": {},
"id": "document:document",
"typeName": "document"
},
{
"x": 0,
"y": 0,
"lastActivityTimestamp": 0,
"meta": {},
"id": "pointer:pointer",
"typeName": "pointer"
},
{
"meta": {},
"id": "page:page",
"name": "Page 1",
"index": "a1",
"typeName": "page"
},
{
"followingUserId": null,
"opacityForNextShape": 1,
"stylesForNextShape": {},
"brush": null,
"scribbles": [],
"cursor": {
"type": "default",
"rotation": 0
},
"isFocusMode": false,
"exportBackground": true,
"isDebugMode": false,
"isToolLocked": false,
"screenBounds": {
"x": 0,
"y": 0,
"w": 1844,
"h": 927
},
"insets": [
false,
false,
false,
false
],
"zoomBrush": null,
"isGridMode": false,
"isPenMode": false,
"chatMessage": "",
"isChatting": false,
"highlightedUserIds": [],
"isFocused": true,
"devicePixelRatio": 1,
"isCoarsePointer": false,
"isHoveringCanvas": false,
"openMenus": [],
"isChangingStyle": false,
"isReadonly": false,
"meta": {},
"duplicateProps": null,
"cameraState": "idle",
"id": "instance:instance",
"currentPageId": "page:page",
"typeName": "instance"
},
{
"editingShapeId": null,
"croppingShapeId": null,
"selectedShapeIds": [
"shape:_jlzRyAFvopE8_l0o-23c"
],
"hoveredShapeId": null,
"erasingShapeIds": [],
"hintingShapeIds": [],
"focusedGroupId": null,
"meta": {},
"id": "instance_page_state:page:page",
"pageId": "page:page",
"typeName": "instance_page_state"
},
{
"x": -461,
"y": -231.75,
"z": 2,
"meta": {},
"id": "camera:page:page",
"typeName": "camera"
},
{
"x": 579.9765625,
"y": 243.1875,
"rotation": 0,
"isLocked": false,
"opacity": 1,
"meta": {},
"id": "shape:_jlzRyAFvopE8_l0o-23c",
"type": "text",
"props": {
"color": "black",
"size": "m",
"w": 144.953125,
"font": "draw",
"textAlign": "start",
"autoSize": true,
"scale": 1,
"richText": {
"type": "doc",
"attrs": {
"dir": "auto"
},
"content": [
{
"type": "paragraph",
"attrs": {
"dir": "auto"
},
"content": [
{
"type": "text",
"text": "JustSolveIt"
}
]
}
]
}
},
"parentId": "page:page",
"index": "a1X9YamV",
"typeName": "shape"
}
]
}
</pre>

Irakasi uses a modified version of the tldraw format, using the top-level keys:

<pre>
"top_level_keys": [
"schema",
"shapes",
"rootShapeIds",
"bindings",
"assets"
],
"top_level_types": [
"map",
"list",
"list",
"list",
"list"
],

</pre>

With the given output:

<pre>
{
"schema": {
"schemaVersion": 2,
"sequences": {
"com.tldraw.store": 5,
"com.tldraw.asset": 1,
"com.tldraw.camera": 1,
"com.tldraw.document": 2,
"com.tldraw.instance": 25,
"com.tldraw.instance_page_state": 5,
"com.tldraw.page": 1,
"com.tldraw.instance_presence": 6,
"com.tldraw.pointer": 1,
"com.tldraw.shape": 4,
"com.tldraw.asset.bookmark": 2,
"com.tldraw.asset.image": 5,
"com.tldraw.asset.video": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.group": 0,
"com.tldraw.shape.arrow": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.camera": 0,
"com.tldraw.shape.frame": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.geometry": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.image": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.path": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.pointsPath": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.polyLine": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.richText": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.text": 3,
"com.tldraw.shape.video": 3,
"com.tldraw.shape.web-embed": 4,
"com.tldraw.binding.arrow": 1,
"com.irakasi.animation": 0,
"com.irakasi.store": 1
}
},
"shapes": [
{
"x": -102.13671875,
"y": -87.0234375,
"rotation": 0,
"isLocked": false,
"opacity": 1,
"meta": {},
"id": "shape:MrzjkBEbWNW7MvEg5oZnc",
"type": "text",
"props": {
"w": 71.734375,
"text": "JustSolveIt",
"textScale": 1,
"lineHeight": 1.35,
"autoSize": true,
"textStroke": "#111827",
"textFill": "#e5e7eb",
"textStrokeOverFill": false,
"textStrokeStyle": "none",
"textStrokeOpacity": 1,
"textStrokeWidth": 1,
"textFillStyle": "solid",
"textFillOpacity": 1,
"font": "draw",
"drawFamily": {
"id": "Indie Flower",
"url": "https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/indieflower/v21/m8JVjfNVeKWVnh3QMuKkFcZla0GG1dKEDw.woff2"
},
"sansSerifFamily": {
"id": "Wotfard",
"url": "/fonts/Wotfard/wotfard-regular-webfont.woff2"
},
"serifFamily": {
"id": "Lora",
"url": "https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI6MX1D_JOuGQbT0gvTJPa787weuyJDmKxemMeZ.woff2"
},
"monospaceFamily": {
"id": "Fira Code",
"url": "https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/firacode/v22/uU9eCBsR6Z2vfE9aq3bL0fxyUs4tcw4W_D1sFVLxN87gsj0.woff2"
},
"displayFamily": {
"id": "Impact",
"url": "/fonts/impact.woff2"
},
"displayVariant": "regular",
"drawVariant": "regular",
"sansSerifVariant": "regular",
"serifVariant": "regular",
"monospaceVariant": "regular",
"textAlign": "start",
"pivotX": 8,
"pivotY": 10.796875,
"isAspectRatioLocked": false,
"visible": true,
"transparent": false,
"isFlippedHorizontally": false,
"isFlippedVertically": false,
"filter": null,
"mask": null,
"isMask": false,
"selectedHandleIds": [],
"keepStrokesRatio": false,
"textVerticalAlign": "middle",
"scaleX": 1,
"scaleY": 1
},
"parentId": "page:page",
"index": "a147msmV",
"typeName": "shape"
}
],
"rootShapeIds": [
"shape:MrzjkBEbWNW7MvEg5oZnc"
],
"bindings": [],
"assets": []
}
</pre>

== References ==

<references />

== Further information ==

* [https://x.com/_Irakasi_ on Twitter]
* [https://x.com/tldraw tldraw on Twitter]

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

Tldraw

2026-02-24T20:54:57Z

Ross-spencer: Add twitter links

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|tldr}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/vnd.tldraw+json}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q137039604}}
|released=2021
}}
tldraw<ref>https://www.tldraw.com/</ref> is a tiny little web-based drawing app released in 2021.<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/webdev/comments/qwovzg/tldraw_a_tiny_little_drawing_app_just_released/</ref>

==Format Information==

'''TLDR''' files are [[JSON]] text files with the key "tldrawFileFormatVersion".<ref>https://tldraw.dev/reference/tldraw/TldrawFile#tldrawFileFormatVersion</ref><ref>https://github.com/tldraw/tldraw/blob/v4.2.0/packages/tldraw/src/lib/utils/tldr/file.ts#L42</ref>

==Examples==

The given example as the top-level keys and types:

<pre>
"top_level_keys": [
"tldrawFileFormatVersion",
"schema",
"records"
],
"top_level_types": [
"integer",
"map",
"list"
],

</pre>

An example of a TLDRAW file with just the text "JustSolveIt" as an image looks as follows:

<pre>
{
"tldrawFileFormatVersion": 1,
"schema": {
"schemaVersion": 2,
"sequences": {
"com.tldraw.store": 5,
"com.tldraw.asset": 1,
"com.tldraw.camera": 1,
"com.tldraw.document": 2,
"com.tldraw.instance": 26,
"com.tldraw.instance_page_state": 5,
"com.tldraw.page": 1,
"com.tldraw.instance_presence": 6,
"com.tldraw.pointer": 1,
"com.tldraw.shape": 4,
"com.tldraw.asset.bookmark": 2,
"com.tldraw.asset.image": 5,
"com.tldraw.asset.video": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.group": 0,
"com.tldraw.shape.text": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.bookmark": 2,
"com.tldraw.shape.draw": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.geo": 11,
"com.tldraw.shape.note": 10,
"com.tldraw.shape.line": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.frame": 1,
"com.tldraw.shape.arrow": 8,
"com.tldraw.shape.highlight": 3,
"com.tldraw.shape.embed": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.image": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.video": 4,
"com.tldraw.binding.arrow": 1
}
},
"records": [
{
"gridSize": 10,
"name": "",
"meta": {},
"id": "document:document",
"typeName": "document"
},
{
"x": 0,
"y": 0,
"lastActivityTimestamp": 0,
"meta": {},
"id": "pointer:pointer",
"typeName": "pointer"
},
{
"meta": {},
"id": "page:page",
"name": "Page 1",
"index": "a1",
"typeName": "page"
},
{
"followingUserId": null,
"opacityForNextShape": 1,
"stylesForNextShape": {},
"brush": null,
"scribbles": [],
"cursor": {
"type": "default",
"rotation": 0
},
"isFocusMode": false,
"exportBackground": true,
"isDebugMode": false,
"isToolLocked": false,
"screenBounds": {
"x": 0,
"y": 0,
"w": 1844,
"h": 927
},
"insets": [
false,
false,
false,
false
],
"zoomBrush": null,
"isGridMode": false,
"isPenMode": false,
"chatMessage": "",
"isChatting": false,
"highlightedUserIds": [],
"isFocused": true,
"devicePixelRatio": 1,
"isCoarsePointer": false,
"isHoveringCanvas": false,
"openMenus": [],
"isChangingStyle": false,
"isReadonly": false,
"meta": {},
"duplicateProps": null,
"cameraState": "idle",
"id": "instance:instance",
"currentPageId": "page:page",
"typeName": "instance"
},
{
"editingShapeId": null,
"croppingShapeId": null,
"selectedShapeIds": [
"shape:_jlzRyAFvopE8_l0o-23c"
],
"hoveredShapeId": null,
"erasingShapeIds": [],
"hintingShapeIds": [],
"focusedGroupId": null,
"meta": {},
"id": "instance_page_state:page:page",
"pageId": "page:page",
"typeName": "instance_page_state"
},
{
"x": -461,
"y": -231.75,
"z": 2,
"meta": {},
"id": "camera:page:page",
"typeName": "camera"
},
{
"x": 579.9765625,
"y": 243.1875,
"rotation": 0,
"isLocked": false,
"opacity": 1,
"meta": {},
"id": "shape:_jlzRyAFvopE8_l0o-23c",
"type": "text",
"props": {
"color": "black",
"size": "m",
"w": 144.953125,
"font": "draw",
"textAlign": "start",
"autoSize": true,
"scale": 1,
"richText": {
"type": "doc",
"attrs": {
"dir": "auto"
},
"content": [
{
"type": "paragraph",
"attrs": {
"dir": "auto"
},
"content": [
{
"type": "text",
"text": "JustSolveIt"
}
]
}
]
}
},
"parentId": "page:page",
"index": "a1X9YamV",
"typeName": "shape"
}
]
}
</pre>

Irakasi uses a modified version of the tldraw format, using the top-level keys:

<pre>
"top_level_keys": [
"schema",
"shapes",
"rootShapeIds",
"bindings",
"assets"
],
"top_level_types": [
"map",
"list",
"list",
"list",
"list"
],

</pre>

With the given output:

<pre>
{
"schema": {
"schemaVersion": 2,
"sequences": {
"com.tldraw.store": 5,
"com.tldraw.asset": 1,
"com.tldraw.camera": 1,
"com.tldraw.document": 2,
"com.tldraw.instance": 25,
"com.tldraw.instance_page_state": 5,
"com.tldraw.page": 1,
"com.tldraw.instance_presence": 6,
"com.tldraw.pointer": 1,
"com.tldraw.shape": 4,
"com.tldraw.asset.bookmark": 2,
"com.tldraw.asset.image": 5,
"com.tldraw.asset.video": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.group": 0,
"com.tldraw.shape.arrow": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.camera": 0,
"com.tldraw.shape.frame": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.geometry": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.image": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.path": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.pointsPath": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.polyLine": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.richText": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.text": 3,
"com.tldraw.shape.video": 3,
"com.tldraw.shape.web-embed": 4,
"com.tldraw.binding.arrow": 1,
"com.irakasi.animation": 0,
"com.irakasi.store": 1
}
},
"shapes": [
{
"x": -102.13671875,
"y": -87.0234375,
"rotation": 0,
"isLocked": false,
"opacity": 1,
"meta": {},
"id": "shape:MrzjkBEbWNW7MvEg5oZnc",
"type": "text",
"props": {
"w": 71.734375,
"text": "JustSolveIt",
"textScale": 1,
"lineHeight": 1.35,
"autoSize": true,
"textStroke": "#111827",
"textFill": "#e5e7eb",
"textStrokeOverFill": false,
"textStrokeStyle": "none",
"textStrokeOpacity": 1,
"textStrokeWidth": 1,
"textFillStyle": "solid",
"textFillOpacity": 1,
"font": "draw",
"drawFamily": {
"id": "Indie Flower",
"url": "https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/indieflower/v21/m8JVjfNVeKWVnh3QMuKkFcZla0GG1dKEDw.woff2"
},
"sansSerifFamily": {
"id": "Wotfard",
"url": "/fonts/Wotfard/wotfard-regular-webfont.woff2"
},
"serifFamily": {
"id": "Lora",
"url": "https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI6MX1D_JOuGQbT0gvTJPa787weuyJDmKxemMeZ.woff2"
},
"monospaceFamily": {
"id": "Fira Code",
"url": "https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/firacode/v22/uU9eCBsR6Z2vfE9aq3bL0fxyUs4tcw4W_D1sFVLxN87gsj0.woff2"
},
"displayFamily": {
"id": "Impact",
"url": "/fonts/impact.woff2"
},
"displayVariant": "regular",
"drawVariant": "regular",
"sansSerifVariant": "regular",
"serifVariant": "regular",
"monospaceVariant": "regular",
"textAlign": "start",
"pivotX": 8,
"pivotY": 10.796875,
"isAspectRatioLocked": false,
"visible": true,
"transparent": false,
"isFlippedHorizontally": false,
"isFlippedVertically": false,
"filter": null,
"mask": null,
"isMask": false,
"selectedHandleIds": [],
"keepStrokesRatio": false,
"textVerticalAlign": "middle",
"scaleX": 1,
"scaleY": 1
},
"parentId": "page:page",
"index": "a147msmV",
"typeName": "shape"
}
],
"rootShapeIds": [
"shape:MrzjkBEbWNW7MvEg5oZnc"
],
"bindings": [],
"assets": []
}
</pre>

== References ==

<references />

== Further information ==

* [Ihttps://x.com/_Irakasi_ on Twitter]
* [https://x.com/tldraw tldraw on Twitter]

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

Tldraw

2026-02-24T20:53:43Z

Ross-spencer: Provide two simple examples

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|tldr}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/vnd.tldraw+json}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q137039604}}
|released=2021
}}
tldraw<ref>https://www.tldraw.com/</ref> is a tiny little web-based drawing app released in 2021.<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/webdev/comments/qwovzg/tldraw_a_tiny_little_drawing_app_just_released/</ref>

==Format Information==

'''TLDR''' files are [[JSON]] text files with the key "tldrawFileFormatVersion".<ref>https://tldraw.dev/reference/tldraw/TldrawFile#tldrawFileFormatVersion</ref><ref>https://github.com/tldraw/tldraw/blob/v4.2.0/packages/tldraw/src/lib/utils/tldr/file.ts#L42</ref>

==Examples==

The given example as the top-level keys and types:

<pre>
"top_level_keys": [
"tldrawFileFormatVersion",
"schema",
"records"
],
"top_level_types": [
"integer",
"map",
"list"
],

</pre>

An example of a TLDRAW file with just the text "JustSolveIt" as an image looks as follows:

<pre>
{
"tldrawFileFormatVersion": 1,
"schema": {
"schemaVersion": 2,
"sequences": {
"com.tldraw.store": 5,
"com.tldraw.asset": 1,
"com.tldraw.camera": 1,
"com.tldraw.document": 2,
"com.tldraw.instance": 26,
"com.tldraw.instance_page_state": 5,
"com.tldraw.page": 1,
"com.tldraw.instance_presence": 6,
"com.tldraw.pointer": 1,
"com.tldraw.shape": 4,
"com.tldraw.asset.bookmark": 2,
"com.tldraw.asset.image": 5,
"com.tldraw.asset.video": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.group": 0,
"com.tldraw.shape.text": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.bookmark": 2,
"com.tldraw.shape.draw": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.geo": 11,
"com.tldraw.shape.note": 10,
"com.tldraw.shape.line": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.frame": 1,
"com.tldraw.shape.arrow": 8,
"com.tldraw.shape.highlight": 3,
"com.tldraw.shape.embed": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.image": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.video": 4,
"com.tldraw.binding.arrow": 1
}
},
"records": [
{
"gridSize": 10,
"name": "",
"meta": {},
"id": "document:document",
"typeName": "document"
},
{
"x": 0,
"y": 0,
"lastActivityTimestamp": 0,
"meta": {},
"id": "pointer:pointer",
"typeName": "pointer"
},
{
"meta": {},
"id": "page:page",
"name": "Page 1",
"index": "a1",
"typeName": "page"
},
{
"followingUserId": null,
"opacityForNextShape": 1,
"stylesForNextShape": {},
"brush": null,
"scribbles": [],
"cursor": {
"type": "default",
"rotation": 0
},
"isFocusMode": false,
"exportBackground": true,
"isDebugMode": false,
"isToolLocked": false,
"screenBounds": {
"x": 0,
"y": 0,
"w": 1844,
"h": 927
},
"insets": [
false,
false,
false,
false
],
"zoomBrush": null,
"isGridMode": false,
"isPenMode": false,
"chatMessage": "",
"isChatting": false,
"highlightedUserIds": [],
"isFocused": true,
"devicePixelRatio": 1,
"isCoarsePointer": false,
"isHoveringCanvas": false,
"openMenus": [],
"isChangingStyle": false,
"isReadonly": false,
"meta": {},
"duplicateProps": null,
"cameraState": "idle",
"id": "instance:instance",
"currentPageId": "page:page",
"typeName": "instance"
},
{
"editingShapeId": null,
"croppingShapeId": null,
"selectedShapeIds": [
"shape:_jlzRyAFvopE8_l0o-23c"
],
"hoveredShapeId": null,
"erasingShapeIds": [],
"hintingShapeIds": [],
"focusedGroupId": null,
"meta": {},
"id": "instance_page_state:page:page",
"pageId": "page:page",
"typeName": "instance_page_state"
},
{
"x": -461,
"y": -231.75,
"z": 2,
"meta": {},
"id": "camera:page:page",
"typeName": "camera"
},
{
"x": 579.9765625,
"y": 243.1875,
"rotation": 0,
"isLocked": false,
"opacity": 1,
"meta": {},
"id": "shape:_jlzRyAFvopE8_l0o-23c",
"type": "text",
"props": {
"color": "black",
"size": "m",
"w": 144.953125,
"font": "draw",
"textAlign": "start",
"autoSize": true,
"scale": 1,
"richText": {
"type": "doc",
"attrs": {
"dir": "auto"
},
"content": [
{
"type": "paragraph",
"attrs": {
"dir": "auto"
},
"content": [
{
"type": "text",
"text": "JustSolveIt"
}
]
}
]
}
},
"parentId": "page:page",
"index": "a1X9YamV",
"typeName": "shape"
}
]
}
</pre>

Irakasi uses a modified version of the tldraw format, using the top-level keys:

<pre>
"top_level_keys": [
"schema",
"shapes",
"rootShapeIds",
"bindings",
"assets"
],
"top_level_types": [
"map",
"list",
"list",
"list",
"list"
],

</pre>

With the given output:

<pre>
{
"schema": {
"schemaVersion": 2,
"sequences": {
"com.tldraw.store": 5,
"com.tldraw.asset": 1,
"com.tldraw.camera": 1,
"com.tldraw.document": 2,
"com.tldraw.instance": 25,
"com.tldraw.instance_page_state": 5,
"com.tldraw.page": 1,
"com.tldraw.instance_presence": 6,
"com.tldraw.pointer": 1,
"com.tldraw.shape": 4,
"com.tldraw.asset.bookmark": 2,
"com.tldraw.asset.image": 5,
"com.tldraw.asset.video": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.group": 0,
"com.tldraw.shape.arrow": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.camera": 0,
"com.tldraw.shape.frame": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.geometry": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.image": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.path": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.pointsPath": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.polyLine": 5,
"com.tldraw.shape.richText": 4,
"com.tldraw.shape.text": 3,
"com.tldraw.shape.video": 3,
"com.tldraw.shape.web-embed": 4,
"com.tldraw.binding.arrow": 1,
"com.irakasi.animation": 0,
"com.irakasi.store": 1
}
},
"shapes": [
{
"x": -102.13671875,
"y": -87.0234375,
"rotation": 0,
"isLocked": false,
"opacity": 1,
"meta": {},
"id": "shape:MrzjkBEbWNW7MvEg5oZnc",
"type": "text",
"props": {
"w": 71.734375,
"text": "JustSolveIt",
"textScale": 1,
"lineHeight": 1.35,
"autoSize": true,
"textStroke": "#111827",
"textFill": "#e5e7eb",
"textStrokeOverFill": false,
"textStrokeStyle": "none",
"textStrokeOpacity": 1,
"textStrokeWidth": 1,
"textFillStyle": "solid",
"textFillOpacity": 1,
"font": "draw",
"drawFamily": {
"id": "Indie Flower",
"url": "https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/indieflower/v21/m8JVjfNVeKWVnh3QMuKkFcZla0GG1dKEDw.woff2"
},
"sansSerifFamily": {
"id": "Wotfard",
"url": "/fonts/Wotfard/wotfard-regular-webfont.woff2"
},
"serifFamily": {
"id": "Lora",
"url": "https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lora/v32/0QI6MX1D_JOuGQbT0gvTJPa787weuyJDmKxemMeZ.woff2"
},
"monospaceFamily": {
"id": "Fira Code",
"url": "https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/firacode/v22/uU9eCBsR6Z2vfE9aq3bL0fxyUs4tcw4W_D1sFVLxN87gsj0.woff2"
},
"displayFamily": {
"id": "Impact",
"url": "/fonts/impact.woff2"
},
"displayVariant": "regular",
"drawVariant": "regular",
"sansSerifVariant": "regular",
"serifVariant": "regular",
"monospaceVariant": "regular",
"textAlign": "start",
"pivotX": 8,
"pivotY": 10.796875,
"isAspectRatioLocked": false,
"visible": true,
"transparent": false,
"isFlippedHorizontally": false,
"isFlippedVertically": false,
"filter": null,
"mask": null,
"isMask": false,
"selectedHandleIds": [],
"keepStrokesRatio": false,
"textVerticalAlign": "middle",
"scaleX": 1,
"scaleY": 1
},
"parentId": "page:page",
"index": "a147msmV",
"typeName": "shape"
}
],
"rootShapeIds": [
"shape:MrzjkBEbWNW7MvEg5oZnc"
],
"bindings": [],
"assets": []
}
</pre>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

IPFS

2026-02-20T12:47:57Z

Ross-spencer: Add walkthrough

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Filesystem
}}
'''IPFS''' (InterPlanetary File System) is a peer-to-peer distributed file system. It is accessible via the command-line, and programming interfaces. Data is mirrored by peers and data shared via a content identifier (CID). The CID creates a global namespace for accessing information.

== Example ==

The following command (provides access to XKCD 927's alt-text via the [https://explore.ipld.io/#/explore/QmdmQXB2mzChmMeKY47C43LxUdg1NDJ5MWcKMKxDu7RgQm XKCD Archives].

<code>
./ipfs cat QmfNvocxez2nEChH95BQCLhJLciy5dmwbGW4NofTUvNvgu
</code>.

== IPLD ==

Given IPFS treats all objects (even binary objects for the most part) as data, it is possible to use
its primitives to created Interplanetary Linked Data (IPLD). This is a fairly nuanced approach to linking data, and is largely being repackaged as [https://dasl.ing/ DASL].

== Reference implementation ==

<code>kubo</code> provides a reference implementation that allows you to access IPFS locally.

== Pinning ==

Pinning is analogous to persistence of the files you have provided on IPFS.
Pinning is done by default on local nodes and content is cached temporarily on remote
nodes that the data has passed through e.g. if accessed by someone.

Garbage collection will sweep up all non-pinned CIDs and so it is important to keep your
node running and well maintained. Alternatively, you have to stand-up or make use of a third
party pinning service which have the resources to pin your content "indefinitely".

== Usage ==

* [https://ross-spencer.github.io/learn-ipfs/ A walkthrough of basic IPFS concepts].

== References ==

* [https://ipfs.io/ Official site]
* [https://github.com/ipfs/kubo kubo]
* [https://ipld.io/ IPLD Official site]
* [https://dasl.ing/ DASL]
* [https://docs.ipfs.tech/how-to/pin-files/ official docs on pinning]
* [https://docs.pinata.cloud/ipfs-101/what-is-ipfs-pinning Pinata docs on pinning]

== Informative References ==

* [https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmNhFJjGcMPqpuYfxL62VVB9528NXqDNMFXiqN5bgFYiZ1/its-time-for-the-permanent-web.html HTTP is obsolete. It's time for the distributed, permanent web]
* [https://spectrum.ieee.org/peer-to-peer-network Why the Internet needs the Interplanetary File System]

IPFS

2026-02-18T22:48:35Z

Ross-spencer: Fix IPFS link

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Filesystem
}}
'''IPFS''' (InterPlanetary File System) is a peer-to-peer distributed file system. It is accessible via the command-line, and programming interfaces. Data is mirrored by peers and data shared via a content identifier (CID). The CID creates a global namespace for accessing information.

== Example ==

The following command (provides access to XKCD 927's alt-text via the [https://explore.ipld.io/#/explore/QmdmQXB2mzChmMeKY47C43LxUdg1NDJ5MWcKMKxDu7RgQm XKCD Archives].

<code>
./ipfs cat QmfNvocxez2nEChH95BQCLhJLciy5dmwbGW4NofTUvNvgu
</code>.

== IPLD ==

Given IPFS treats all objects (even binary objects for the most part) as data, it is possible to use
its primitives to created Interplanetary Linked Data (IPLD). This is a fairly nuanced approach to linking data, and is largely being repackaged as [https://dasl.ing/ DASL].

== Reference implementation ==

<code>kubo</code> provides a reference implementation that allows you to access IPFS locally.

== Pinning ==

Pinning is analogous to persistence of the files you have provided on IPFS.
Pinning is done by default on local nodes and content is cached temporarily on remote
nodes that the data has passed through e.g. if accessed by someone.

Garbage collection will sweep up all non-pinned CIDs and so it is important to keep your
node running and well maintained. Alternatively, you have to stand-up or make use of a third
party pinning service which have the resources to pin your content "indefinitely".

== References ==

* [https://ipfs.io/ Official site]
* [https://github.com/ipfs/kubo kubo]
* [https://ipld.io/ IPLD Official site]
* [https://dasl.ing/ DASL]
* [https://docs.ipfs.tech/how-to/pin-files/ official docs on pinning]
* [https://docs.pinata.cloud/ipfs-101/what-is-ipfs-pinning Pinata docs on pinning]

== Informative References ==

* [https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmNhFJjGcMPqpuYfxL62VVB9528NXqDNMFXiqN5bgFYiZ1/its-time-for-the-permanent-web.html HTTP is obsolete. It's time for the distributed, permanent web]
* [https://spectrum.ieee.org/peer-to-peer-network Why the Internet needs the Interplanetary File System]

IPFS

2026-02-18T22:40:06Z

Ross-spencer: Add notes on pinning

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Filesystem
}}
'''IPFS''' (InterPlanetary File System) is a peer-to-peer distributed file system. It is accessible via the command-line, and programming interfaces. Data is mirrored by peers and data shared via a content identifier (CID). The CID creates a global namespace for accessing information.

== Example ==

The following command (provides access to XKCD 927's transcript via the [https://explore.ipld.io/#/explore/QmdmQXB2mzChmMeKY47C43LxUdg1NDJ5MWcKMKxDu7RgQm XKCD Archives].

<code>
./ipfs cat mfNvocxez2nEChH95BQCLhJLciy5dmwbGW4NofTUvNvgu
</code>.

== IPLD ==

Given IPFS treats all objects (even binary objects for the most part) as data, it is possible to use
its primitives to created Interplanetary Linked Data (IPLD). This is a fairly nuanced approach to linking data, and is largely being repackaged as [https://dasl.ing/ DASL].

== Reference implementation ==

<code>kubo</code> provides a reference implementation that allows you to access IPFS locally.

== Pinning ==

Pinning is analogous to persistence of the files you have provided on IPFS.
Pinning is done by default on local nodes and content is cached temporarily on remote
nodes that the data has passed through e.g. if accessed by someone.

Garbage collection will sweep up all non-pinned CIDs and so it is important to keep your
node running and well maintained. Alternatively, you have to stand-up or make use of a third
party pinning service which have the resources to pin your content "indefinitely".

== References ==

* [https://ipfs.io/ Official site]
* [https://github.com/ipfs/kubo kubo]
* [https://ipld.io/ IPLD Official site]
* [https://dasl.ing/ DASL]
* [https://docs.ipfs.tech/how-to/pin-files/ official docs on pinning]
* [https://docs.pinata.cloud/ipfs-101/what-is-ipfs-pinning Pinata docs on pinning]

== Informative References ==

* [https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmNhFJjGcMPqpuYfxL62VVB9528NXqDNMFXiqN5bgFYiZ1/its-time-for-the-permanent-web.html HTTP is obsolete. It's time for the distributed, permanent web]
* [https://spectrum.ieee.org/peer-to-peer-network Why the Internet needs the Interplanetary File System]

IPFS

2026-02-18T22:23:14Z

Ross-spencer: Update IPFS information

Culinary arts

2026-01-25T17:39:05Z

Ross-spencer: Add cooklang

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Culinary arts
|image=Outdoor-cooking.jpg
}}

What's cookin'? These file formats relate to the preparation of food.

* [[Cooklang]] (Markup language for recipes)
* [[Foodini]] (3D printer for food)
* [[h-recipe]] (Microformats; cooking/baking recipes)
* [[Meal-Master]] (recipe databases)
* [[MicroCook]] (recipe databases)
* [[Microsoft Food and Drink]]

Cooklang

2026-01-25T17:37:54Z

Ross-spencer: Add new entry

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Culinary arts
|extensions={{ext|cook}}
}}
'''Cooklang''' is a markup language for recipes. It is described as ''a simple, human-readable text format for writing recipes that can be understood by both cooks and computers.''

The [https://github.com/cooklang/.github/blob/main/MANIFESTO.md Cooklang manifesto] further describes its purpose: ''"Cooking is one of the oldest human skills, yet the way we store and share recipes is broken. Recipes are trapped in ad-ridden websites, locked inside proprietary apps, or written in ways that computers can’t understand. Cooklang is here to change that."''

== Specification ==

A specification is described on the Cooklang website and on GitHub:

* [https://cooklang.org/docs/spec/ Cooklang spec] on the Cooklang website.
* [https://github.com/cooklang/spec/tree/main Cooklang Spec] on GitHub.

=== Details ===

Cooklang provides an entirely new syntax for marking up documents. There are inline and metadata elements created for:

* Ingredients.
* Steps.
* Comments.
* Metadata.
* Cookware.
* Timer.

There are further specifications for:

* Shopping Lists,
* Pantry Configuration,
* Scaling and Servings.

As well as support for adding images to recipes.

=== Basic example ===

An example recipe on the [https://cooklang.org/docs/getting-started/ Cooklang website] looks as follows:

<pre>
Crack the @eggs{3} into a #blender, then add the @plain flour{125%g},
@milk{250%ml} and @sea salt{1%pinch}, and blitz until smooth.
</pre>

== Example files ==

Example files can also be found on GitHub:

* [https://github.com/cooklang/awesome-cooklang-recipes Cooklang awesome list]
* [https://github.com/cooklang/spec/tree/main/examples examples in the spec repo].

== Application support ==

Cooklang has been developed in concert with its own ecosystem applications.

* [https://cooklang.org/cli/ Command line applications].
* [https://cooklang.org/app/ Mobile applications].

With [https://cooklang.org/docs/syntax-highlighting/ syntax highlighting] available for different code editors.

== Links ==

* [https://cooklang.org/ Cooklang Home Page].
* [https://github.com/cooklang/spec/tree/main Cooklang GitHub repo].
* [https://cooklang.github.io/cooklang-rs/ Cooklang Playground].
* [https://bsky.app/profile/cooklang.bsky.social BlueSky account for Cooklang]

[[Category:Text-based data]]

Vega

2026-01-07T21:33:48Z

Ross-spencer: Add more description

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|json}}
}}
'''Vega''' is a visualization grammar, a declarative language for creating, saving, and sharing interactive visualization designs.

Vega describes a JSON schema format for its grammar, its visualizations are further described in JSON complying to that schema.

Vega visualization definitions can describe the visual appearance and interactive behavior of a visualization in JSON, allowing users to generate web-based views using Canvas or SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics).

== Schema ==

Vega's JSON schema is available [https://github.com/vega/vega/blob/9ea76a6c6458289160f385970d66fd12fa2051f0/docs/vega-schema.json on GitHub] and is further annotated in the [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/specification/ project's documentation].

== Example files ==

Example files can also be found on GitHub:

* [https://github.com/vega/vega/blob/9ea76a6c6458289160f385970d66fd12fa2051f0/docs/examples/sunburst.vg.json Sunburst Graphic].
* [https://github.com/vega/vega/blob/9ea76a6c6458289160f385970d66fd12fa2051f0/docs/examples/airport-connections.vg.json Interactive Map of US Airport Connections].
* [https://github.com/vega/vega/blob/9ea76a6c6458289160f385970d66fd12fa2051f0/docs/examples/beeswarm-plot.vg.json Beeswarm Chart].

== Links ==

* [https://vega.github.io/vega/ Vega website] including more information and examples.
* [https://github.com/vega/vega Vega Grammar on GitHub].
* [https://github.com/vega Vega Organization on GitHub].

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

Vega

2026-01-07T20:58:39Z

Ross-spencer: Add first entry for Vega Visualization Grammer

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|json}}
}}
'''Vega''' is a visualization grammar, a declarative language for creating, saving, and sharing interactive visualization designs.

Vega describes a JSON schema format for its grammar, its visualizations are further described in JSON complying to that schema.

== Schema ==

Vega's JSON schema is available [https://github.com/vega/vega/blob/9ea76a6c6458289160f385970d66fd12fa2051f0/docs/vega-schema.json on GitHub] and is further annotated in the [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/specification/ project's documentation].

== Example files ==

Example files can also be found on GitHub:

* [https://github.com/vega/vega/blob/9ea76a6c6458289160f385970d66fd12fa2051f0/docs/examples/sunburst.vg.json Sunburst Graphic].
* [https://github.com/vega/vega/blob/9ea76a6c6458289160f385970d66fd12fa2051f0/docs/examples/airport-connections.vg.json Interactive Map of US Airport Connections].
* [https://github.com/vega/vega/blob/9ea76a6c6458289160f385970d66fd12fa2051f0/docs/examples/beeswarm-plot.vg.json Beeswarm Chart].

== Links ==

* [https://vega.github.io/vega/ Vega website] including more information and examples.
* [https://github.com/vega/vega Vega Grammar on GitHub].
* [https://github.com/vega Vega Organization on GitHub].

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

Zstandard

2025-10-23T05:27:58Z

Ross-spencer: /* Identification */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|extensions={{ext|zst}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/zstd}}
|released=2015
}}
'''Zstandard''', or '''Zstd''', is a general-purpose compression algorithm and file format. It is designed to have a good balance between compression ratio, compression speed, and decompression speed.

Zstandard is able to use [[Zstandard dictionary|a "dictionary" format]] to make compression of files of an already known type more efficient.
== Identification ==

Since version 0.8.0 (August 2016<ref>https://github.com/facebook/zstd/releases/tag/v0.8.0</ref>), the header is instead {{magic|28 b5 2f fd}}<ref>https://github.com/facebook/zstd/blob/dev/lib/zstd.h, definition of ZSTD_MAGICNUMBER</ref>.

=== Legacy magic numbers ===

Prior to 0.8.0 magic numbers were created for each new version, so for example 0.5.0 beggan with signature bytes {{magic|25 b5 2f fd}}.

Magic numbers are listed in legacy header files in the Zstandard library.

* [https://github.com/facebook/zstd/blob/6e58e9a2c42ea344708b72a14052b3bd4581e118/lib/legacy/zstd_v01.h#L86-L87 0.1.0]
* [https://github.com/facebook/zstd/blob/6e58e9a2c42ea344708b72a14052b3bd4581e118/lib/legacy/zstd_v02.h#L86 0.2.0]
* [https://github.com/facebook/zstd/blob/6e58e9a2c42ea344708b72a14052b3bd4581e118/lib/legacy/zstd_v03.h#L86 0.3.0]
* [https://github.com/facebook/zstd/blob/6e58e9a2c42ea344708b72a14052b3bd4581e118/lib/legacy/zstd_v04.h#L135 0.4.0]
* [https://github.com/facebook/zstd/blob/6e58e9a2c42ea344708b72a14052b3bd4581e118/lib/legacy/zstd_v05.h#L153 0.5.0]
* [https://github.com/facebook/zstd/blob/6e58e9a2c42ea344708b72a14052b3bd4581e118/lib/legacy/zstd_v06.h#L164 0.6.0]
* [https://github.com/facebook/zstd/blob/6e58e9a2c42ea344708b72a14052b3bd4581e118/lib/legacy/zstd_v07.h#L180 0.7.0]

== Software ==
* [https://github.com/Cyan4973/zstd Zstandard] → <code>zstd</code>, <code>unzstd</code>, <code>zstdcat</code>

== Links ==
* [http://www.zstd.net/ Zstandard website]
* RFC 8478
* [[Wikipedia: Zstandard]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Facebook]]

Bsdiff

2025-09-29T11:38:38Z

Ross-spencer: Update OPF link

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Archiving
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/439}}
|released=2003
}}

'''Bsdiff''' is an open-source utility for generating diffs of binary files which can be distributed as patches or updates without having to send the entire set of binary data each time the package is updated. While one might think the need for such things is reduced with the much-improved bandwidth of modern times, software has also increased in size (the "bloatware" phenomenon), so the need for tools like this continues. Supposedly bsdiff generates more compact diff files than the high-priced proprietary [[RTPatch]] system.

bsdiff uses a technique called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_encoding delta encoding] to encode the differences between two binary objects.

[[bzip2]] is used for compression.

There have been some forks and variant versions of bsdiff, and slightly-divergent forms are used for some platforms and software systems; for instance, there is an adapted version used for Mozilla updates (which, in turn, get put into [[Mozilla Archive]] files).

== Code and downloads ==

* [http://www.daemonology.net/bsdiff/ BSDIFF page with link to download]
* [https://github.com/mendsley/bsdiff An 2012 fork of bsdiff]
* [https://github.com/gabstv/go-bsdiff Golang implementation of bsdiff based on Percival's original]

== Links and references ==

* [http://www.pokorra.de/coding/bsdiff.html bsdiff for Windows]
* [http://cx-bsdiff.sourceforge.net/ bsdiff Python extension]
* [http://openplanetsfoundation.org/system/files/bsdiff-4.0-documentation-colin-percival-bsd-licensed.pdf BSDIFF format information]
* [http://www.daemonology.net/papers/bsdiff.pdf Paper on algorithm used]
* [http://www.daemonology.net/papers/thesis.pdf Doctoral thesis by author describing more sophisticated algorithm]
* [http://damaestro.us/blog/bsdiff-very-interesting-binary-diff Blog discussion]
* [https://openpreservation.org/blogs/bsdiff-technological-solutions-reversible-pre-conditioning-complex-binary-objects/ BSDIFF: Technological Solutions for Reversible Pre-conditioning of Complex Binary Objects]
* [https://exponentialdecay.co.uk/blog/bsdiff-as-a-tool-for-digital-preservation/ Revisiting bsdiff as a tool for digital preservation]

Bsdiff

2025-09-29T07:37:14Z

Ross-spencer: Updated heading

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Archiving
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/439}}
|released=2003
}}

'''Bsdiff''' is an open-source utility for generating diffs of binary files which can be distributed as patches or updates without having to send the entire set of binary data each time the package is updated. While one might think the need for such things is reduced with the much-improved bandwidth of modern times, software has also increased in size (the "bloatware" phenomenon), so the need for tools like this continues. Supposedly bsdiff generates more compact diff files than the high-priced proprietary [[RTPatch]] system.

bsdiff uses a technique called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_encoding delta encoding] to encode the differences between two binary objects.

[[bzip2]] is used for compression.

There have been some forks and variant versions of bsdiff, and slightly-divergent forms are used for some platforms and software systems; for instance, there is an adapted version used for Mozilla updates (which, in turn, get put into [[Mozilla Archive]] files).

== Code and downloads ==

* [http://www.daemonology.net/bsdiff/ BSDIFF page with link to download]
* [https://github.com/mendsley/bsdiff An 2012 fork of bsdiff]
* [https://github.com/gabstv/go-bsdiff Golang implementation of bsdiff based on Percival's original]

== Links and references ==

* [http://www.pokorra.de/coding/bsdiff.html bsdiff for Windows]
* [http://cx-bsdiff.sourceforge.net/ bsdiff Python extension]
* [http://openplanetsfoundation.org/system/files/bsdiff-4.0-documentation-colin-percival-bsd-licensed.pdf BSDIFF format information]
* [http://www.daemonology.net/papers/bsdiff.pdf Paper on algorithm used]
* [http://www.daemonology.net/papers/thesis.pdf Doctoral thesis by author describing more sophisticated algorithm]
* [http://damaestro.us/blog/bsdiff-very-interesting-binary-diff Blog discussion]
* [http://openplanetsfoundation.org/blogs/2014-07-09-bsdiff-technological-solutions-reversible-pre-conditioning-complex-binary-objects BSDIFF: Technological Solutions for Reversible Pre-conditioning of Complex Binary Objects]
* [https://exponentialdecay.co.uk/blog/bsdiff-as-a-tool-for-digital-preservation/ Revisiting bsdiff as a tool for digital preservation]

Bsdiff

2025-09-29T07:36:48Z

Ross-spencer: Added links and more information

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Archiving
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/439}}
|released=2003
}}

'''Bsdiff''' is an open-source utility for generating diffs of binary files which can be distributed as patches or updates without having to send the entire set of binary data each time the package is updated. While one might think the need for such things is reduced with the much-improved bandwidth of modern times, software has also increased in size (the "bloatware" phenomenon), so the need for tools like this continues. Supposedly bsdiff generates more compact diff files than the high-priced proprietary [[RTPatch]] system.

bsdiff uses a technique called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_encoding delta encoding] to encode the differences between two binary objects.

[[bzip2]] is used for compression.

There have been some forks and variant versions of bsdiff, and slightly-divergent forms are used for some platforms and software systems; for instance, there is an adapted version used for Mozilla updates (which, in turn, get put into [[Mozilla Archive]] files).

== Sources ==

* [http://www.daemonology.net/bsdiff/ BSDIFF page with link to download]
* [https://github.com/mendsley/bsdiff An 2012 fork of bsdiff]
* [https://github.com/gabstv/go-bsdiff Golang implementation of bsdiff based on Percival's original]

== Links and references ==

* [http://www.pokorra.de/coding/bsdiff.html bsdiff for Windows]
* [http://cx-bsdiff.sourceforge.net/ bsdiff Python extension]
* [http://openplanetsfoundation.org/system/files/bsdiff-4.0-documentation-colin-percival-bsd-licensed.pdf BSDIFF format information]
* [http://www.daemonology.net/papers/bsdiff.pdf Paper on algorithm used]
* [http://www.daemonology.net/papers/thesis.pdf Doctoral thesis by author describing more sophisticated algorithm]
* [http://damaestro.us/blog/bsdiff-very-interesting-binary-diff Blog discussion]
* [http://openplanetsfoundation.org/blogs/2014-07-09-bsdiff-technological-solutions-reversible-pre-conditioning-complex-binary-objects BSDIFF: Technological Solutions for Reversible Pre-conditioning of Complex Binary Objects]
* [https://exponentialdecay.co.uk/blog/bsdiff-as-a-tool-for-digital-preservation/ Revisiting bsdiff as a tool for digital preservation]

Bsdiff

2025-09-29T07:18:03Z

Ross-spencer: Adds link to links and references

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Archiving
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/439}}
|released=2003
}}

'''Bsdiff''' is an open-source utility for generating diffs of binary files which can be distributed as patches or updates without having to send the entire set of binary data each time the package is updated. While one might think the need for such things is reduced with the much-improved bandwidth of modern times, software has also increased in size (the "bloatware" phenomenon), so the need for tools like this continues. Supposedly bsdiff generates more compact diff files than the high-priced proprietary [[RTPatch]] system.

[[bzip2]] is used for compression.

There have been some forks and variant versions of bsdiff, and slightly-divergent forms are used for some platforms and software systems; for instance, there is an adapted version used for Mozilla updates (which, in turn, get put into [[Mozilla Archive]] files).

== Links and references ==
* [http://www.daemonology.net/bsdiff/ BSDIFF page with link to download]
* [http://www.pokorra.de/coding/bsdiff.html bsdiff for Windows]
* [http://cx-bsdiff.sourceforge.net/ bsdiff Python extension]
* [http://openplanetsfoundation.org/system/files/bsdiff-4.0-documentation-colin-percival-bsd-licensed.pdf BSDIFF format information]
* [http://www.daemonology.net/papers/bsdiff.pdf Paper on algorithm used]
* [http://www.daemonology.net/papers/thesis.pdf Doctoral thesis by author describing more sophisticated algorithm]
* [http://damaestro.us/blog/bsdiff-very-interesting-binary-diff Blog discussion]
* [http://openplanetsfoundation.org/blogs/2014-07-09-bsdiff-technological-solutions-reversible-pre-conditioning-complex-binary-objects BSDIFF: Technological Solutions for Reversible Pre-conditioning of Complex Binary Objects]
* [https://exponentialdecay.co.uk/blog/bsdiff-as-a-tool-for-digital-preservation/ Revisiting bsdiff as a tool for digital preservation]

Brotli

2025-08-20T07:23:34Z

Ross-spencer: Expand on magic identification's difficulty with links

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|extensions={{ext|br}}
|released=2013
}}
[[Brotli]] is a compressed data format developed by Google. It is designed for a high compression ratio, and fast decompression. When used as a web content compression encoding, it uses <code>br</code> in the <code>Accept-Encoding</code> header so that a browser can signal support; this support is present in newer versions of Firefox and Chrome as of early 2016.

While the addition of this format to Firefox/Mozilla was still under discussion, there was a bit of a mini-flap over earlier proposals to use "bro" as the encoding identifier (and file extension for Brotli-compressed files), as this was deemed by some to be [https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=366559#c147 misogynistic]. After some debate over <code>bro</code> vs. <code>brotli</code> vs. <code>br</code>, the shorter of these was ultimately adopted.

== Magic ==

Brotli files (and network traffic) do not have any magic bytes: the first bytes will have right-most bits from [https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7932#section-9.1 this table], which could be anything.

Google have a [https://github.com/google/brotli/issues/298 closed ticket] with no resolution on the status of magic number identification. It is desired by parts of brotli's community who have sought to add it to [https://github.com/google/brotli/issues/727 magic] but with the difficulties implied above, i.e. 254 bytes might be used. This is certainly not ✨magic✨.

== Specifications ==
* RFC 7932
* [https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-alakuijala-brotli/ Brotli Compressed Data Format] (draft)
* [https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-alakuijala-brotli-07 Earlier draft version (07)]

== Software ==
* [https://github.com/google/brotli/ Source code]
* [https://github.com/fxfactorial/brozip brozip]

== Links ==
* [http://google-opensource.blogspot.com/2015/09/introducing-brotli-new-compression.html Introducing Brotli]
* [[Wikipedia:Brotli|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://calendar.perfplanet.com/2015/new-years-diet-brotli-compression/ New Year’s Diet: Brotli Compression]

[[Category:Google]]

Allotrope Data Format

2025-05-29T16:48:43Z

Ross-spencer: Intro to ASM, NB. ASM will need its own Just Solve It Page as well

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Scientific Data formats
|extensions={{ext|adf}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q131232034}}
|maintained by=Allotrope Foundation
}}

The '''Allotrope Data Format''' (ADF) is a [[HDF5]] based format for storing data from analytical instruments. The data is annotated with an [[RDF]] based triple store following the W3C RDF Data Cube vocabulary. A manifest defines the instrument type. The Allotrope Foundation Ontology (AFO) defines the data description. Data to be plotted is stored in multidimensional arrays. A scale (or dimension) denotes the X axis and measures the Y axis. If an explicit scale is missing, it might be defined by a range of values in the data description instead. Original data in vendor-specific formats may be included in the data package.

=== Allotrope Simple Model ===

Allotrope Simple Model (ASM) was [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359644624000692# recently introduced] and is differentiated from ADF in terms of licensing and simplicity. ASM uses JSON and is licensed under a creative commons mode. See more on their [https://gitlab.com/allotrope-public/asm GitLab].

== Format information ==
* [https://www.allotrope.org/allotrope-framework The Allotrope Framework]
* [https://docs.allotrope.org/Allotrope%20Data%20Format.html Allotrope Data Format]
* [https://docs.allotrope.org/ADF%20Data%20Cube%20to%20HDF5%20Mapping%20Ontology.html ADF Data Cube to HDF5 Mapping Ontology v1.5.3 RF]

[[Category:HDF based file formats]]

Category:File formats with extension .ttl

2025-05-14T08:12:51Z

Ross-spencer: Add ttl category

[[Category:File formats by extension|T]]

Turtle

2025-05-14T08:11:45Z

Ross-spencer: Add entry for Turtle

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Metadata
|extension={{ext|ttl}}
}}
'''Turtle''' (Terse RDF Triple Language) is a W3C Recommendation described a textual syntax for RDF called Turtle that allows an RDF graph to be completely written in a compact and natural text form, with abbreviations for common usage patterns and datatypes.

== Examples ==

Examples from the recommendation.

Describes the relationship between Green Goblin and Spiderman:

<pre>
@base <http://example.org/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix rel: <http://www.perceive.net/schemas/relationship/> .

<#green-goblin>
rel:enemyOf <#spiderman> ;
a foaf:Person ; # in the context of the Marvel universe
foaf:name "Green Goblin" .

<#spiderman>
rel:enemyOf <#green-goblin> ;
a foaf:Person ;
foaf:name "Spiderman", "Человек-паук"@ru .
</pre>

An example showing how numbers can be encoded:

<pre>
@prefix : <http://example.org/elements> .
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium>
:atomicNumber 2 ; # xsd:integer
:atomicMass 4.002602 ; # xsd:decimal
:specificGravity 1.663E-4 . # xsd:double
</pre>

An example of Turtle embedded in a HTML document:

<pre>
<script type="text/turtle">
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix frbr: <http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#> .

<http://books.example.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N> a frbr:Work ;
dc:creator "Wil Wheaton"@en ;
dc:title "Just a Geek"@en ;
frbr:realization <http://books.example.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK>,
<http://books.example.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK> .

<http://books.example.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK> a frbr:Expression ;
dc:type <http://books.example.com/product-types/BOOK> .

<http://books.example.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK> a frbr:Expression ;
dc:type <http://books.example.com/product-types/EBOOK> .
</script>
</pre>

== Links ==

* [https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/ W3C recommendation for RDF 1.1 Turtle]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_(syntax) Turtle Syntax (Wikipedia)]

[[Category:W3C]]

DCAT

2025-05-14T08:03:33Z

Ross-spencer: FIx internal link

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Metadata
}}
'''DCAT''' (Data Catalogue vocabulary) is a W3C Recommendation described as being an RDF vocabulary designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the Web. The [https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/ recommendation] defines the schema and provides examples for its use.

== Identification ==

RDF-based documents containing key elements of the vocabulary might be probabilistically identified as DCAT, or at least, as a dataset using DCAT vocabulary elements.

A <code>Dataset</code> (collection of data, published or curated by a single agent or identifiable community) example from the recommendation ([[Turtle]]):

<pre>
ex:dataset-001
a dcat:Dataset ;
dcterms:title "Imaginary dataset"@en ;
dcterms:title "Conjunto de datos imaginario"@es ;
dcat:keyword "accountability"@en, "transparency"@en, "payments"@en ;
dcat:keyword "responsabilidad"@es, "transparencia"@es, "pagos"@es ;
dcterms:creator ex:finance-employee-001 ;
dcterms:issued "2011-12-05"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2011-12-15"^^xsd:date ;
dcat:contactPoint <http://dcat.example.org/transparency-office/contact> ;
dcterms:temporal [ a dcterms:PeriodOfTime ;
dcat:startDate "2011-07-01"^^xsd:date ;
dcat:endDate "2011-09-30"^^xsd:date ;
];
dcat:temporalResolution "P1D"^^xsd:duration ;
dcterms:spatial <http://sws.geonames.org/6695072/> ;
dcat:spatialResolutionInMeters "30.0"^^xsd:decimal ;
dcterms:publisher ex:finance-ministry ;
dcterms:language <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/en> ;
dcterms:accrualPeriodicity <http://purl.org/linked-data/sdmx/2009/code#freq-W> ;
dcat:distribution ex:dataset-001-csv ;
.
</pre>

A <code>Distriubtion</code> (an accessible form of a dataset such as a downloadable file) example from the recommendation (in [[Turtle]]):

<pre>
ex:dataset-001-csv
a dcat:Distribution ;
dcat:downloadURL <http://dcat.example.org/files/001.csv> ;
dcterms:title "CSV distribution of imaginary dataset 001"@en ;
dcterms:title "distribución en CSV del conjunto de datos imaginario 001"@es ;
dcat:mediaType <http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/csv> ;
dcat:byteSize "5120"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
.
</pre>

== Implementations ==

* European DCAT Application Profile: [[DCAT-AP]]

== Links ==

* [https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/ Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) - Version 3]

[[Category:Metadata]]
[[Category:W3C]]

DCAT

2025-05-14T08:02:39Z

Ross-spencer: Add DCAT

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Metadata
}}
'''DCAT''' (Data Catalogue vocabulary) is a W3C Recommendation described as being an RDF vocabulary designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the Web. The [https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/ recommendation] defines the schema and provides examples for its use.

== Identification ==

RDF-based documents containing key elements of the vocabulary might be probabilistically identified as DCAT, or at least, as a dataset using DCAT vocabulary elements.

A <code>Dataset</code> (collection of data, published or curated by a single agent or identifiable community) example from the recommendation ([Turtle]):

<pre>
ex:dataset-001
a dcat:Dataset ;
dcterms:title "Imaginary dataset"@en ;
dcterms:title "Conjunto de datos imaginario"@es ;
dcat:keyword "accountability"@en, "transparency"@en, "payments"@en ;
dcat:keyword "responsabilidad"@es, "transparencia"@es, "pagos"@es ;
dcterms:creator ex:finance-employee-001 ;
dcterms:issued "2011-12-05"^^xsd:date ;
dcterms:modified "2011-12-15"^^xsd:date ;
dcat:contactPoint <http://dcat.example.org/transparency-office/contact> ;
dcterms:temporal [ a dcterms:PeriodOfTime ;
dcat:startDate "2011-07-01"^^xsd:date ;
dcat:endDate "2011-09-30"^^xsd:date ;
];
dcat:temporalResolution "P1D"^^xsd:duration ;
dcterms:spatial <http://sws.geonames.org/6695072/> ;
dcat:spatialResolutionInMeters "30.0"^^xsd:decimal ;
dcterms:publisher ex:finance-ministry ;
dcterms:language <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/en> ;
dcterms:accrualPeriodicity <http://purl.org/linked-data/sdmx/2009/code#freq-W> ;
dcat:distribution ex:dataset-001-csv ;
.
</pre>

A <code>Distriubtion</code> (an accessible form of a dataset such as a downloadable file) example from the recommendation (in [Turtle]):

<pre>
ex:dataset-001-csv
a dcat:Distribution ;
dcat:downloadURL <http://dcat.example.org/files/001.csv> ;
dcterms:title "CSV distribution of imaginary dataset 001"@en ;
dcterms:title "distribución en CSV del conjunto de datos imaginario 001"@es ;
dcat:mediaType <http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/csv> ;
dcat:byteSize "5120"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
.
</pre>

== Implementations ==

* European DCAT Application Profile: [[DCAT-AP]]

== Links ==

* [https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/ Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) - Version 3]

[[Category:Metadata]]
[[Category:W3C]]

Lottie

2025-05-02T10:33:30Z

Ross-spencer: Add software and more sample info

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Animation
|extensions={{ext|json}}
}}
[[Lottie]] is a modern animated file format.

== Software ==

* [https://lottiefiles.com/ lottiefiles.com]
* [https://app.lottiefiles.com/ app.lottiefiles.com]
* [https://github.com/Samsung/rlottie rlottie]
* [http://snisurset.net/code/abydos/ abydos]

== Sample files ==

Sample files can be downloaded from [https://lottiefiles.com/ lottiefiles.com] and created and downloaded in [https://app.lottiefiles.com/ app.lottiefiles.com].

Samples are also available at dexvert: {{DexvertSamples|image/lottie}}

Tabular Data Package

2025-04-18T17:04:33Z

Ross-spencer: Add information about Data Package

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Databases
}}
== General description ==

This page describes '''Tabular Data Package''', formerly known as '''Simple Data Format''' (but not related to [[Simple Data format]] by George H. Fisher). It is described as a "simple data publishing format for publishing and sharing data". It is created by the Data Protocols Team (in 2011?), whose manifesto is at http://dataprotocols.org/manifesto/. This does not however identify the Data Protocols Team or its affiliations.

The draft specification is at http://dataprotocols.org/tabular-data-package/. The format's focus is simplicity and web usage. It is based on [[CSV]] for the base data and [[JSON]] for schema, metadata and lined data aspects.

The original source of the specification, dataprotocols.org is now now Data Package at [https://datapackage.org/ datapackage.org] from Frictionless Data. Their specifications are also available on their [https://github.com/frictionlessdata/datapackage GitHub].

== Other information ==

There is no known Wikipedia page for the Data Protocols Team or this version of the Tabular Data Package.

== Source code ==

* [https://github.com/frictionlessdata/datapackage datapackage on GitHub]

== References ==

* [https://datapackage.org/ datapackage.org]
* [https://github.com/frictionlessdata/datapackage Data Package GitHub repo].

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

JSON Table Schema

2025-04-18T17:03:07Z

Ross-spencer: Add information about Data Package

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Schema formats
}}
'''JSON Table Schema''' is a method, expressable in [[JSON]], of specifying the field structure of tabular data, for instance a spreadsheet or [[CSV]] file. It is "in competition" with [[CSV Schema]] as a way to describe a CSV data structure. It can be accompanied by a [[CSV Dialect Description Format]] file to describe the specifics of the delimiter and quoting rules in a CSV or other delimited file.

The original source of the specification, dataprotocols.org is now now Data Package at [https://datapackage.org/ datapackage.org] from Frictionless Data. Their specifications are also available on their [https://github.com/frictionlessdata/datapackage GitHub].

== Links ==

* [https://github.com/frictionlessdata/datapackage Data Package GitHub repo].
* [http://dataprotocols.org/json-table-schema/ Official description/spec]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519194832/http://dataprotocols.org/json-table-schema/ official documentation on archive.org]

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

CSV Dialect Description Format

2025-04-18T17:02:26Z

Ross-spencer: Add info about Data Package

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Schema formats
}}
'''CSV Dialect Dscription Format''' is a [[JSON]]-based format for describing the particular rules for a variety of delimited files, such as [[CSV]] or [[tab delimited]]. It does not describe the format of the data fields within a record of the file; this may be done with [[JSON Table Schema]] or [[CSV Schema]].

The original source of the specification, dataprotocols.org is now now Data Package at [https://datapackage.org/ datapackage.org] from Frictionless Data. Their specifications are also available on their [https://github.com/frictionlessdata/datapackage GitHub].

== Examples ==

=== 1.0 ===

<pre>
{
"csvddf_version": 1.0,
"dialect": {
"delimiter": ",",
"doublequote": false,
"lineterminator": "\r\n",
"quotechar": "\"",
"skipinitialspace": false
}
}
</pre>

=== 1.2 ===

<pre>
{
"csvddfVersion": 1.2,
"delimiter": ",",
"doubleQuote": true,
"lineTerminator": "\r\n",
"quoteChar": "\"",
"skipInitialSpace": true,
"header": true
}
</pre>

== Links ==

* [https://github.com/frictionlessdata/datapackage Data Package GitHub repo].
* [http://dataprotocols.org/csv-dialect/ Official description/spec]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131017022844/http://dataprotocols.org/csv-dialect/ Official description/spec via archive.org (v1.0)]

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

Tabular Data Package

2025-04-18T14:50:44Z

Ross-spencer: Add github repo

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Databases
}}
== General description ==

This page describes '''Tabular Data Package''', formerly known as '''Simple Data Format''' (but not related to [[Simple Data format]] by George H. Fisher). It is described as a "simple data publishing format for publishing and sharing data". It is created by the Data Protocols Team (in 2011?), whose manifesto is at http://dataprotocols.org/manifesto/. This does not however identify the Data Protocols Team or its affiliations.

The draft specification is at http://dataprotocols.org/tabular-data-package/. The format's focus is simplicity and web usage. It is based on [[CSV]] for the base data and [[JSON]] for schema, metadata and lined data aspects.

== Other information ==

There is no known Wikipedia page for the Data Protocols Team or this version of the Tabular Data Package.

== Source code ==

* [https://github.com/frictionlessdata/datapackage datapackage on GitHub]

== References ==

Apart from the manifesto and specification, nothing is known.

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

Sketch

2025-04-18T14:38:13Z

Ross-spencer: Update links

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|sketch}}
|released=2010
}}
'''Sketch''' (sometimes called '''Sketch App''') is a proprietary vector graphics editor for Mac OS X, developed by a company named ''Bohemian''. It has a native '''.sketch''' file format.

== Disambiguation ==
There are a lot of other things named Sketch, such as [[Skencil SK]], [[EPOC Sketch]], and [[AutoSketch]].

== Format details ==
Apparently, Sketch formats through v42 are based on [[SQLite]]. Later versions are based on [[JSON]].

== Format documentation ==

* [https://developer.sketch.com/file-format/ sketch file format].

== Reference files ==

* [https://github.com/sketch-hq/sketch-document/blob/4493900abbfa49ae82fbcb8ad85cccf2cc2256b0/.yarn/cache/%40sketch-hq-sketch-reference-files-2.3.0.tgz Sketch reference files (.tgz)]
* [https://github.com/sketch-hq/sketch-document/tree/4493900abbfa49ae82fbcb8ad85cccf2cc2256b0/packages/file/src/__tests__ Sketch test files]

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: Sketch (application)]]
* [https://www.sketchapp.com/ Main website]
* http://sketchapp.rocks/
* [https://www.sitepoint.com/need-know-sketchs-new-file-format/ Why You Need to Know About Sketch’s New File Format]
* [https://github.com/sketch-hq/sketch-document Sketch monorepo with format .sketch examples]

[[Category:SQLite based file formats]]
[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

Sketch

2025-04-18T14:36:58Z

Ross-spencer:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|sketch}}
|released=2010
}}
'''Sketch''' (sometimes called '''Sketch App''') is a proprietary vector graphics editor for Mac OS X, developed by a company named ''Bohemian''. It has a native '''.sketch''' file format.

== Disambiguation ==
There are a lot of other things named Sketch, such as [[Skencil SK]], [[EPOC Sketch]], and [[AutoSketch]].

== Format details ==
Apparently, Sketch formats through v42 are based on [[SQLite]]. Later versions are based on [[JSON]].

== Format documentation ==

* [https://developer.sketch.com/file-format/ sketch file format].

== Reference files ==

* [https://github.com/sketch-hq/sketch-document/blob/4493900abbfa49ae82fbcb8ad85cccf2cc2256b0/.yarn/cache/%40sketch-hq-sketch-reference-files-2.3.0.tgz Sketch reference files (.tgz)]

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: Sketch (application)]]
* [https://www.sketchapp.com/ Main website]
* http://sketchapp.rocks/
* [https://www.sitepoint.com/need-know-sketchs-new-file-format/ Why You Need to Know About Sketch’s New File Format]
* [https://github.com/sketch-hq/sketch-document sketch monorepo with format .sketch examples]

[[Category:SQLite based file formats]]
[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

Sketch

2025-04-18T14:34:41Z

Ross-spencer: Add examples and links to docs

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|sketch}}
|released=2010
}}
'''Sketch''' (sometimes called '''Sketch App''') is a proprietary vector graphics editor for Mac OS X, developed by a company named ''Bohemian''. It has a native '''.sketch''' file format.

== Disambiguation ==
There are a lot of other things named Sketch, such as [[Skencil SK]], [[EPOC Sketch]], and [[AutoSketch]].

== Format details ==
Apparently, Sketch formats through v42 are based on [[SQLite]]. Later versions are based on [[JSON]].

== Format documentation ==

* [https://developer.sketch.com/file-format/ sketch file format].

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia: Sketch (application)]]
* [https://www.sketchapp.com/ Main website]
* http://sketchapp.rocks/
* [https://www.sitepoint.com/need-know-sketchs-new-file-format/ Why You Need to Know About Sketch’s New File Format]
* [https://github.com/sketch-hq/sketch-document sketch monorepo with format .sketch examples]

[[Category:SQLite based file formats]]
[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

Scratch 2.0 File Format

2025-04-18T14:22:01Z

Ross-spencer: Add examples for 2.0

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Source code
|extensions={{ext|sb2}}, {{ext|sprite2}}
}}
The '''Scratch 2.0 File Format''' saves projects in version 2.0 of the [[Scratch]] programming language. Scratch is a language designed to teach programming to young children. Since the program code consists of graphical tiles rather than text-based source code, a binary format was used for the earlier [[Scratch 1.4 File Format]], but the format has changed with 2.0. Scratch 2.0 runs from a web browser, so no installation is needed as with the earlier versions. Registered users can save their programs on the server, but unregistered users can still run Scratch online and upload/download programs saved on their own computer.

Scratch projects are stored in files with a '''.sb2''' extension. The contents are [[ZIP]]-compressed data, including various items which are part of the project (.[[PNG|png]], .[[SVG|svg]], and .[[WAV|wav]] files, named with numbers). The main item is a file called '''project.json''', in [[JSON]] format.

Detailed documentation can be found in the Scratch wiki.

== Examples ==

Empty project (via the Scratch wiki):

<pre>
{
"objName": "Stage",
"costumes": [{
"costumeName": "backdrop1",
"baseLayerID": 1,
"baseLayerMD5": "739b5e2a2435f6e1ec2993791b423146.png",
"bitmapResolution": 1,
"rotationCenterX": 240,
"rotationCenterY": 180
}],
"currentCostumeIndex": 0,
"penLayerMD5": "5c81a336fab8be57adc039a8a2b33ca9.png",
"penLayerID": 0,
"tempoBPM": 60,
"videoAlpha": 0.5,
"children": [],
"info": {
"userAgent": "Scratch 2.0 Offline Editor",
"videoOn": false,
"scriptCount": 0,
"flashVersion": "WIN 32,0,0,182",
"spriteCount": 0,
"swfVersion": "v461"
}
}
</pre>

Default project (via the Scratch wiki):

<pre>
{
"objName": "Stage",
"sounds": [{
"soundName": "pop",
"soundID": 1,
"md5": "83a9787d4cb6f3b7632b4ddfebf74367.wav",
"sampleCount": 258,
"rate": 11025,
"format": ""
}],
"costumes": [{
"costumeName": "backdrop1",
"baseLayerID": 3,
"baseLayerMD5": "739b5e2a2435f6e1ec2993791b423146.png",
"bitmapResolution": 1,
"rotationCenterX": 240,
"rotationCenterY": 180
}],
"currentCostumeIndex": 0,
"penLayerMD5": "5c81a336fab8be57adc039a8a2b33ca9.png",
"penLayerID": 0,
"tempoBPM": 60,
"videoAlpha": 0.5,
"children": [{
"objName": "Sprite1",
"sounds": [{
"soundName": "meow",
"soundID": 0,
"md5": "83c36d806dc92327b9e7049a565c6bff.wav",
"sampleCount": 18688,
"rate": 22050,
"format": ""
}],
"costumes": [{
"costumeName": "costume1",
"baseLayerID": 1,
"baseLayerMD5": "f9a1c175dbe2e5dee472858dd30d16bb.svg",
"bitmapResolution": 1,
"rotationCenterX": 47,
"rotationCenterY": 55
},
{
"costumeName": "costume2",
"baseLayerID": 2,
"baseLayerMD5": "6e8bd9ae68fdb02b7e1e3df656a75635.svg",
"bitmapResolution": 1,
"rotationCenterX": 47,
"rotationCenterY": 55
}],
"currentCostumeIndex": 0,
"scratchX": 0,
"scratchY": 0,
"scale": 1,
"direction": 90,
"rotationStyle": "normal",
"isDraggable": false,
"indexInLibrary": 1,
"visible": true,
"spriteInfo": {
}
}],
"info": {
"userAgent": "Scratch 2.0 Offline Editor",
"videoOn": false,
"scriptCount": 0,
"flashVersion": "WIN 32,0,0,182",
"spriteCount": 1,
"swfVersion": "v461"
}
}
</pre>

== Documentation ==
* [https://en.scratch-wiki.info/wiki/Scratch_File_Format_(2.0) Scratch 2.0 File Format]

== Other links ==
* [http://scratch.mit.edu/ Official Scratch site]

== Other versions ==

* [https://en.scratch-wiki.info/wiki/Scratch_File_Format_(1.4) Scratch 1.4 File Format]
* [https://en.scratch-wiki.info/wiki/Scratch_File_Format_(3.0) Scratch 3.0 File Format]

[[Category:ZIP based file formats]]
[[Category:JSON based file formats]]
[[Category:MIT]]

Scratch 2.0 File Format

2025-04-18T13:57:14Z

Ross-spencer: Fixup link and provide other versions

PKPass

2025-04-18T13:16:41Z

Ross-spencer: Add required fields

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Coupons and Tickets
|extensions={{ext|pkpass}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/vnd.apple.pkpass}}
}}
'''PKPass''' is the format of tickets, coupons, and loyalty cards used in the iOS Passbook app (and other apps designed to use the format). It is a [[ZIP]]-format archive (but using the .pkpass extension instead of .zip) containing [[JSON]]-format data along with some [[PNG]]-format images. The files within the archive have specific expected names to denote their function.

== pass.json Structure ==

The <code>pass.json</code> structure is described [https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/PassKit_PG/Creating.html here] and supported with reference files.

The following fields are described as being required:

* <code>passTypeIdentifier</code>
* <code>serialNumber</code>
* <code>formatVersion</code>
* <code>teamIdentifier</code>
* <code>organizationName</code>
* <code>description</code>

== Links ==
* [http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/UserExperience/Reference/PassKit_Bundle/Chapters/Introduction.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40012026 Pass file format]
* [http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/UserExperience/Reference/PassKit_Bundle/Chapters/PackageStructure.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40012026-CH1-SW1 Package structure] (gives filenames to be used)
* [http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/PassKit/Reference/PKPass_Ref/PKPass.html PKPass class reference]
* [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.attidomobile.passwallet PassWallet for Android]

== Examples links ==

* [https://reinteractive.com/articles/create-an-apple-wallet-pass-using-pass-json-file creating an apple pass file tutorial].
* [https://github.com/keefmoon/Passbook-Example-Code/blob/029e97b0dae29dee86bd4bafccc6639a71d8cd4c/Pass-Example-Generic/Pass-Example-Generic.pkpass generic pass example (zip)].
* [https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/PassKit_PG/YourFirst.html building your first pass on the apple developer network].
* [https://developer.apple.com/services-account/download?path=/iOS/Wallet_Support_Materials/WalletCompanionFiles.zip Pass Tutorial Companion Files (Auth required)].

[[Category:Apple]]
[[Category:iOS]]
[[Category:ZIP based file formats]]
[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

PKPass

2025-04-18T13:10:12Z

Ross-spencer: Added example links

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Coupons and Tickets
|extensions={{ext|pkpass}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/vnd.apple.pkpass}}
}}
'''PKPass''' is the format of tickets, coupons, and loyalty cards used in the iOS Passbook app (and other apps designed to use the format). It is a [[ZIP]]-format archive (but using the .pkpass extension instead of .zip) containing [[JSON]]-format data along with some [[PNG]]-format images. The files within the archive have specific expected names to denote their function.

== Links ==
* [http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/UserExperience/Reference/PassKit_Bundle/Chapters/Introduction.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40012026 Pass file format]
* [http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/UserExperience/Reference/PassKit_Bundle/Chapters/PackageStructure.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40012026-CH1-SW1 Package structure] (gives filenames to be used)
* [http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/PassKit/Reference/PKPass_Ref/PKPass.html PKPass class reference]
* [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.attidomobile.passwallet PassWallet for Android]

== Examples links ==

* [https://reinteractive.com/articles/create-an-apple-wallet-pass-using-pass-json-file creating an apple pass file tutorial].
* [https://github.com/keefmoon/Passbook-Example-Code/blob/029e97b0dae29dee86bd4bafccc6639a71d8cd4c/Pass-Example-Generic/Pass-Example-Generic.pkpass generic pass example (zip)].
* [https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/PassKit_PG/YourFirst.html building your first pass on the apple developer network].
* [https://developer.apple.com/services-account/download?path=/iOS/Wallet_Support_Materials/WalletCompanionFiles.zip Pass Tutorial Companion Files (Auth required)].

[[Category:Apple]]
[[Category:iOS]]
[[Category:ZIP based file formats]]
[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

Piskel canvas

2025-04-18T12:40:09Z

Ross-spencer: Fixup example

{{FormatInfo
| name = Piskel canvas
| formattype = electronic
| subcat = Graphics
| thiscat =
| extensions = {{ext|piskel}}
| mimetypes = {{mimetype|image/png+json}}
| locfdd =
| fourccs =
| pronom =
| type code =
| uniform type =
| wikidata = {{wikidata|Q101250905}}
| compression = Always Lossless (from PNG)
| extended from = [[JSON]], [[PNG]], [[base64]]
| magic =
| kaitai struct =
| spec =
| spec availability = free
| reference impl = https://github.com/piskelapp/piskel
| conforms to = {{UTI|JSON}}
| charset = utf8
| charsetaliases =
| codepage =
| mibenum =
| cfstringencoding =
| nsstringencoding =
| endianness =
| tpm =
| error resilience =
| patent license = Unencumbered
| developed by = Piskel
| maintained by = Piskel
| released =
| image =
| caption =
| mime =
| mime aliases =
| version =
| previous version =
| next version =
| back compat =
| wikipedia =
| container for =
| contained by =
| extended to =
| embeddable metadata = filename, file description, file version
| dependencies =
| namespace =
}}

== Description ==

'''.piskel''' files are containers produced by the cross-platform Piskel graphics editor for still and animated pixel art. It is [[JSON]]-based and internally encodes the images or frames of the animated image as [[Base64|base-64d]] [[PNG]]s.

== Information ==

* https://github.com/piskelapp/piskel

== Software ==

* Piskel

=== Creation ===

* Piskel

=== Playback ===

* Piskel

== Links ==

* https://piskelapp.com

== Example ==
<pre>
<nowiki>
{
"modelVersion": 1,
"piskel": {
"name": "example",
"description": "exemplary",
"fps": 12,
"height": 32,
"width": 32,
"layers": [
"{\"name\":\"Layer 1\",\"opacity\":1,\"frameCount\":1,\"chunks\":[{\"layout\":[[0]],\"base64PNG\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAA\"}"
]
}
}
</nowiki>
</pre>

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

Open Web App Manifest

2025-04-18T11:56:51Z

Ross-spencer: Provide more context for archive.org links

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Web
|extensions={{ext|webapp}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/x-web-app-manifest+json}}
}}
An '''Open Web App''' is Mozilla's answer to the proprietary app stores. It is a website that has an acompanying manifest file which accomplishes such things as granting the "app" permission to access things on the user's device (such as contact lists) if it is properly installed, and giving it an icon which can be placed on a system desktop. When run, a web app behaves more like a native program than a website, even though it is actually being accessed on the web. These apps are supported by the Firefox browser on various platforms including Windows systems and Android mobile devices.

Manifest files are in [[JSON]] format and given a '''.webapp''' extension. The MIME type of '''application/x-web-app-manifest+json''' is used (enforced by the Firefox Marketplace, though not by the browser itself).

== Links and references ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130806161912/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Apps/Manifest App manifest docs (Mozilla) (Early archive.org reference)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210327233048/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Archive/B2G_OS/Firefox_OS_apps/Building_apps_for_Firefox_OS/Manifest 2021 archive.org reference with more information about required fields]
* [https://marketplace.firefox.com/ Firefox Marketplace]

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]
[[Category:Mozilla]]

Open Web App Manifest

2025-04-18T11:49:43Z

Ross-spencer: Provide archive.org link

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Web
|extensions={{ext|webapp}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/x-web-app-manifest+json}}
}}
An '''Open Web App''' is Mozilla's answer to the proprietary app stores. It is a website that has an acompanying manifest file which accomplishes such things as granting the "app" permission to access things on the user's device (such as contact lists) if it is properly installed, and giving it an icon which can be placed on a system desktop. When run, a web app behaves more like a native program than a website, even though it is actually being accessed on the web. These apps are supported by the Firefox browser on various platforms including Windows systems and Android mobile devices.

Manifest files are in [[JSON]] format and given a '''.webapp''' extension. The MIME type of '''application/x-web-app-manifest+json''' is used (enforced by the Firefox Marketplace, though not by the browser itself).

== Links and references ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130806161912/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Apps/Manifest App manifest docs (Mozilla)]
* [https://marketplace.firefox.com/ Firefox Marketplace]

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]
[[Category:Mozilla]]

JSON Table Schema

2025-04-16T21:47:34Z

Ross-spencer: Add IA link

HAR

2025-04-16T20:13:23Z

Ross-spencer: /* Other links */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Web
|extensions={{ext|har}}, {{ext|harp}}
|released=2012
}}
'''HAR''' (HTTP Archive) is a format based on [[JSON]] for saving a record of a Web access, including the [[HTTP]] request and response headers used to retrieve a document, and timing information on how long each part took to load. They can be used in server analysis and in archiving of Web data. HAR files are required to be encoded in the [[UTF-8]] character encoding.

.har files are raw HAR, while .harp files are HAR enclosed in a callback function for use as [[JavaScript]] code.

== Expected fields and objects ==

Within a <code>log</code> object:

* version [string]
* creator [object]
* browser [object, optional]
* pages [array, optional]
* entries [array]
* comment [string, optional] (new in 1.2)

=== Example ===

<pre>
{
"log": {
"version": "1.2",
"creator": {},
"browser": {},
"pages": [],
"entries": [],
"comment": ""
}
}
</pre>

== Specs ==
* [https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/webperf/raw-file/tip/specs/HAR/Overview.html Official spec, at W3C]
* [http://www.softwareishard.com/blog/har-12-spec/ HAR 1.2 spec, at Software is hard]

== Utilities ==
* [http://www.softwareishard.com/blog/har-viewer/ HAR viewer (Software is hard)]
* [https://github.com/janodvarko/harviewer harviewer (GitHub)]
** [https://code.google.com/p/harviewer/ harviewer (Google Code)]
* [http://ericduran.github.io/chromeHAR/ Chrome HAR viewer]

== Other links ==
* [[Wikipedia:.har|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.speedawarenessmonth.com/what-is-a-har-file-and-what-do-i-use-it-for/ What is a HAR File and what do I use it for?]
* [https://gist.github.com/igrigorik/3495174 Example HAR Export]

[[Category:Archiving]]
[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

HAR

2025-04-16T20:09:05Z

Ross-spencer: /* Expected fields and objects */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Web
|extensions={{ext|har}}, {{ext|harp}}
|released=2012
}}
'''HAR''' (HTTP Archive) is a format based on [[JSON]] for saving a record of a Web access, including the [[HTTP]] request and response headers used to retrieve a document, and timing information on how long each part took to load. They can be used in server analysis and in archiving of Web data. HAR files are required to be encoded in the [[UTF-8]] character encoding.

.har files are raw HAR, while .harp files are HAR enclosed in a callback function for use as [[JavaScript]] code.

== Expected fields and objects ==

Within a <code>log</code> object:

* version [string]
* creator [object]
* browser [object, optional]
* pages [array, optional]
* entries [array]
* comment [string, optional] (new in 1.2)

=== Example ===

<pre>
{
"log": {
"version": "1.2",
"creator": {},
"browser": {},
"pages": [],
"entries": [],
"comment": ""
}
}
</pre>

== Specs ==
* [https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/webperf/raw-file/tip/specs/HAR/Overview.html Official spec, at W3C]
* [http://www.softwareishard.com/blog/har-12-spec/ HAR 1.2 spec, at Software is hard]

== Utilities ==
* [http://www.softwareishard.com/blog/har-viewer/ HAR viewer (Software is hard)]
* [https://github.com/janodvarko/harviewer harviewer (GitHub)]
** [https://code.google.com/p/harviewer/ harviewer (Google Code)]
* [http://ericduran.github.io/chromeHAR/ Chrome HAR viewer]

== Other links ==
* [[Wikipedia:.har|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.speedawarenessmonth.com/what-is-a-har-file-and-what-do-i-use-it-for/ What is a HAR File and what do I use it for?]

[[Category:Archiving]]
[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

HAR

2025-04-16T20:04:26Z

Ross-spencer: Add expected fields

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Web
|extensions={{ext|har}}, {{ext|harp}}
|released=2012
}}
'''HAR''' (HTTP Archive) is a format based on [[JSON]] for saving a record of a Web access, including the [[HTTP]] request and response headers used to retrieve a document, and timing information on how long each part took to load. They can be used in server analysis and in archiving of Web data. HAR files are required to be encoded in the [[UTF-8]] character encoding.

.har files are raw HAR, while .harp files are HAR enclosed in a callback function for use as [[JavaScript]] code.

== Expected fields and objects ==

* version [string]
* creator [object]
* browser [object, optional]
* pages [array, optional]
* entries [array]
* comment [string, optional] (new in 1.2)

== Specs ==
* [https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/webperf/raw-file/tip/specs/HAR/Overview.html Official spec, at W3C]
* [http://www.softwareishard.com/blog/har-12-spec/ HAR 1.2 spec, at Software is hard]

== Utilities ==
* [http://www.softwareishard.com/blog/har-viewer/ HAR viewer (Software is hard)]
* [https://github.com/janodvarko/harviewer harviewer (GitHub)]
** [https://code.google.com/p/harviewer/ harviewer (Google Code)]
* [http://ericduran.github.io/chromeHAR/ Chrome HAR viewer]

== Other links ==
* [[Wikipedia:.har|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.speedawarenessmonth.com/what-is-a-har-file-and-what-do-i-use-it-for/ What is a HAR File and what do I use it for?]

[[Category:Archiving]]
[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

CSV Dialect Description Format

2025-04-16T19:33:54Z

Ross-spencer: Delineate examples

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Schema formats
}}
'''CSV Dialect Dscription Format''' is a [[JSON]]-based format for describing the particular rules for a variety of delimited files, such as [[CSV]] or [[tab delimited]]. It does not describe the format of the data fields within a record of the file; this may be done with [[JSON Table Schema]] or [[CSV Schema]].

== Examples ==

=== 1.0 ===

<pre>
{
"csvddf_version": 1.0,
"dialect": {
"delimiter": ",",
"doublequote": false,
"lineterminator": "\r\n",
"quotechar": "\"",
"skipinitialspace": false
}
}
</pre>

=== 1.2 ===

<pre>
{
"csvddfVersion": 1.2,
"delimiter": ",",
"doubleQuote": true,
"lineTerminator": "\r\n",
"quoteChar": "\"",
"skipInitialSpace": true,
"header": true
}
</pre>

== Links ==
* [http://dataprotocols.org/csv-dialect/ Official description/spec]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131017022844/http://dataprotocols.org/csv-dialect/ Official description/spec via archive.org (v1.0)]

[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

CSV Dialect Description Format

2025-04-16T19:26:06Z

Ross-spencer: Provide JSON example

CSV Dialect Description Format

2025-04-16T19:20:00Z

Ross-spencer: Add IA link

3D Tiles

2025-04-16T19:02:53Z

Ross-spencer: Add GitHub repository

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=3D and CAD/CAM Models
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/jsonl}}
|extensions={{ext|json}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/829}}
|released=2016
}}
'''3D Tiles''' is a [[JSON]]-based format designed for streaming and rendering geospatial data consisting of 3D objects organized in a hierarchical structure involving tilesets. The tiles may be of different sizes and are organized in a tree structure rather than a fixed grid. A right-handed Cartesian coordinate system is used to locate the objects.

Various formats of data can be embedded as binary blobs. The [[glTF]] format is used as the basis of object models.

==Links==
* [https://docs.ogc.org/cs/18-053r2/18-053r2.html 3D Tiles Spec 1.0]
* [https://github.com/CesiumGS/3d-tiles/tree/main 3D Tiles GitHub]

[[Category:Geospatial]]
[[Category:JSON based file formats]]

Talk:Chrome bookmarks

2025-04-16T18:21:40Z

Ross-spencer: Question about format

== Still JSON format? ==

Can anyone confirm a version of this where the format may have changed? If I download my bookmarks today it seems to be a HTML output. The oldest I have is 2014 and has the same header <code><!DOCTYPE NETSCAPE-Bookmark-file-1>
</code> Perhaps once it was once JSON early on? (or reading the small-print, is it only JSON on-disk? (anyone know where that might be on Linux?) [[User:Ross-spencer|Ross-spencer]] ([[User talk:Ross-spencer|talk]]) 18:21, 16 April 2025 (UTC)