Just Solve the File Format Problem - User contributions [en]

Bug-Out

2026-03-11T16:32:39Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1985
}}
'''Bug-Out''' is a type-in program checker for Apple II, Atari, Commodore 64, IBM PC, and TI-99/4A used by Home Computer Magazine

It uses a single character (capital letter) checksum for each line.

== Sample Output ==
[[File:Bug-Out.jpg]]

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/HomeComputerMagazine_Vol5_05/page/n75/mode/2up Bug-Out] (Home Computer Magazine 1985 Issue 5.5 pg 77)
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/255635-your-favorite-magazine-checksum-type-in-program/ Atari version as .ATR]
* [https://www.gamingalexandria.com/wp/2026/01/bug-out/ Gaming Alexandria's article plus Commodore version as .d64]
** [https://youtu.be/Aj39uykUKVw?t=230 companion video]

MLX

2026-03-11T16:04:09Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1983
}}
'''MLX''' is a series of machine language entry utilities published by the magazines COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette, as well as books from COMPUTE! Publications. These programs were designed to allow relatively easy entry of the type-in machine language listings that were often included in these publications. Versions were available for the Commodore 64, VIC-20, Atari 8-bit computers, and Apple II.

'''MLX III v1.0''' was released by COMPUTE!'s Gazette in 2026 and uses a Fletcher-style checksum algorithm to catch transpositions and distinguish between $00 and $FF bytes. It also features an efficient 10-byte-per-line format, balancing data density and ease of entry on a 40-column screen.

== See also ==
* [[The Automatic Proofreader]] - COMPUTE!'s checksum utility for BASIC programs

== Links ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLX_(software) Wikipedia article with full details]
* [https://archive.org/details/mlx_20200725 MLX]
* [https://atariprojects.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/MLX.zip modified MLX] ([https://archive.org/details/MLXTYPO mirror])
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Article about MLX]
* [https://nebusresearch.wordpress.com/2021/01/13/how-did-computes-gazettes-mlx-program-work/ How Did Compute!'s Gazette’s MLX Program Work?]
* [https://nebusresearch.wordpress.com/2021/06/16/how-did-computes-and-computes-gazettes-new-mlx-work/ How did Compute!'s and Compute!'s Gazette’s New MLX Work?]
* [https://nebusresearch.wordpress.com/2021/06/21/heres-some-matlab-octave-code-for-your-mlx-simulator/ Here's some Matlab/Octave code for your MLX simulator]
* [https://github.com/xopowoparvo/C64-type-in-programs/tree/main/Type-in%20utilities/MLX%202 MLX 2 as BASIC and PRG]
* [https://youtu.be/bdZPl7H6h0s?t=120 The Automatic Proofreader 3.0 and MLX III v1.0] (COMPUTE!'s Gazette Jan 2026 pg 68)

The Automatic Proofreader

2026-03-11T15:57:47Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1983
}}
'''The Automatic Proofreader''' by Charles Brannon is a series of checksum utilities published by COMPUTE! Publications for its COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette magazines and various books. These programs allow home computer users to detect errors when entering BASIC type-in programs. They display a checksum for each line which can be compared against the one printed in the magazine.

It was initially published for use with the Commodore 64 and VIC-20 but was later made available for the Atari 8-bit computers, Apple II, IBM PC, and IBM PCjr.

C16/Plus4 compatiblity was added in issue 32 of COMPUTE!'s Gazette and removed after issue 78.

The first version used a byte-sized numeric value. The later Atari and Apple versions used two letters.

'''The New Automatic Proofreader''' introduced in 1986 was designed to run on any 8-bit Commodore (including the C16, Plus/4 and C128) and replaced the decimal display with two letters, could catch transposition errors and took spaces into account if they were within quotes.

'''The Automatic Proofreader v3.0''' was introduced in 2026 and supports C64, VIC-20, C128 and Plus/4

== Sample Output ==
[[File:The Automatic Proofreader - C64.jpg]] For the C64

[[File:The Automatic Proofreader - Atari.jpg]] For the Atari

[[File:The New Automatic Proofreader.jpg]] The New Automatic Proofreader

== See also ==
* [[MLX]] - COMPUTE!'s checksum utility for machine language listings

== Links ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Automatic_Proofreader Wikipedia]
* [https://archive.org/details/1984-08-computegazette/page/n131/mode/2up?view=theater How To Type In COMPUTE!'s GAZETTE Programs] (COMPUTE!'s Gazette Aug 1984 pg 130)
* [https://archive.org/details/1984-10-compute-magazine/page/178/mode/2up?view=theater COMPUTE!'s Guide to Typing In Programs] (COMPUTE! Oct 1984 pg 179)
* [https://archive.org/details/1983-10-computegazette/page/n49/mode/2up?view=theater The Automatic Proofreader] (COMPUTE!'s Gazette Oct 1983 pg 48)
* [https://archive.org/details/1983-11-computegazette/page/n149/mode/2up?view=theater The Automatic Proofreader - Improved Version] (COMPUTE!'s Gazette Nov 1983 pg 149)
* [https://archive.org/details/1984-03-compute-magazine/page/n61/mode/2up?view=theater The Automatic Proofreader for VIC, C64, and Atari] (COMPUTE! Mar 1984 pg 60)
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/255635-your-favorite-magazine-checksum-type-in-program/ Atari version of PROOF.BAS on .atr disk image]
* [https://archive.org/details/1984-10-compute-magazine/page/182/mode/2up?view=theater IBM Proofreader] (COMPUTE! Oct 1984 pg 183)
* [https://archive.org/details/1985-07-compute-magazine/page/74/mode/2up?view=theater Apple Automatic Proofreader] (COMPUTE! Jul 1985 pg 75)
* [https://www.atarimagazines.com/compute/issue73/feedback_proofreader_checksum.php Modify Apple Proofreader to not use reverse video]
* [https://archive.org/details/1986-02-computegazette/page/108/mode/2up?view=theater The New Automatic Proofreader] (COMPUTE!'s Gazette Feb 1986 pg 108)
* [https://www.atariarchives.org/ecp/appendix_a.php Alternate copy] ([https://www.atariarchives.org/ecp/software/ECP.ATR ATR version]) (Electronic Computer Projects for Commodore and Atari Personal Computers)
* [http://plus4world.powweb.com/software/Proofreader C16 and Plus/4 .prg at Plus/4 World]
* [https://github.com/xopowoparvo/C64-type-in-programs/tree/main/Type-in%20utilities/Automatic%20Proofreader%202 Automatic Proofreader 2 as BASIC and PRG]
* [https://nebusresearch.wordpress.com/2021/06/30/how-did-computes-automatic-proofreader-work/ How did Compute!’s Automatic Proofreader Work?]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8IWYauT-MU Hackerbun: The Automatic Proofreader]
* [https://github.com/TheIndustriousRabbit/TheAutomaticProofreader-Decompiled The Automatic Proofreader Decompiled]
* [https://bumbershootsoft.wordpress.com/2019/01/14/dissecting-three-classic-automatic-proofreaders/ Dissecting Three Classic Automatic Proofreaders]
* [https://youtu.be/bdZPl7H6h0s?t=120 The Automatic Proofreader 3.0 and MLX III v1.0] (COMPUTE!'s Gazette Jan 2026 pg 68)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Automatic Proofreader, The|noerror}}

Error detection and correction

2026-02-13T06:53:07Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Error detection and correction
|image=Error button 2.png
}}
== Error detection only ==
* [[Adler-32]]
* [[Checksum]]
* [[CRC]] (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
** [[CRC-16]]
** [[CRC-32]]
*** [[Brik]]
*** [[Simple File Verification]] (.sfv)
* [[MurmurHash]]
* [[Parity bit]]
* [[xxHash]]
For cryptographic hash functions, see [[Encryption]].

== Error detection and correction ==
* [[ARJ-PROTECT data]]
* [[Hamming code]]
* [[RAR]] recovery record and .rev recovery volumes
* [[Reed-Solomon error correction]]
** [[BlockHashLoc]] (.bhl)
** [[Blockyarchive/blkar]] (.ecsbx)
** [[DVDisaster Error Correction File]] (.ecc)
** [[ICE ECC]] (.ecc)
** [[Mono]] (.mono)
** [[Parity_Volume_Set|Parity Volume Set / Parchive]] (.par, .par2, .par3, pa3, .p??)
** [[Recovery Star]]
** [[RockFAT]]
** [[rsbep]] (.shielded, .frozen.RS)
** [[RSC32]] (.RSC32, .RSE32)
** [[rscode-correction]] (.rsecc)
** [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)

== Type-in Program Validation ==
* [[AccuType]] - Nibble
* [[Apple Checker]] - Nibble
* [[BASIC Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Bug-Out]] - Home Computer Magazine
* [[Bug Repellent]] - Ahoy!
* [[C:Check/D:Check/ST-Check]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Checkbin/Checksoft]] - Core and Hardcore Computist
* [[CheckIt]] - Nibble
* [[Checksummer]] - 64'er and Happy Computer
* [[Checksummer (Frank Brall)]] - Computronic and Compute Mit
* [[Chexsum]] - Melbourne House Publishers
* [[Commodore Dossier Checksum]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Dataspeeder]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Edytor BASICa]] - Moje Atari and Bajtek
* [[F64Summer]] - Forum64
* [[Flankspeed]] - Ahoy!
* [[Generator kodów kontrolnych]] - Tajemnice Atari
* [[Get It Right!]] - Atari User, The Micro User
* [[Hex Data Entry]] - Your Commodore
* [[Key Perfect]] - Nibble
* [[KEYO]] - Monitor (UKACOC)
* [[Korrector/Kontrolsum]] - Run (German, Danish and Hungarian editions)
* [[M/L Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Magazine Entry Program]] - Commodore Magazine
* [[MIKBUG Tape Format]] - Byte
* [[MLX]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[MSE]] - 64'er
* [[Perfect Typist]] - Run
* [[Program Checker]] - ROM Magazine
* [[Program Perfect]] - Computer Shopper
* [[PROOF-IT]] - Commodore 64 Fun and Games Volume 2
* [[RUN's Checksum]] - Run
* [[Squares Input Program]] - Computronic
* [[Stop Bug]] - Papersoft
* [[SWAT (Strategic Weapon Against Typos)]] - SoftSide
* [[Syntax Checker]] - Your Commodore
* [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]] - MikroBITTI
* [[The Automatic Proofreader]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)]] - Antic, Page 6, New Atari User
* [[Unicheck]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Verifizer]] - Transactor

=== General Info about Type-In Program Checkers ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-in_program#Validation_software Wikipedia]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Learn About Checksum Programs for Checking Type-In Programs]
* [https://arstechnica.com/staff/2018/11/first-encounter-compute-magazine-and-its-glorious-tedious-type-in-code/ First encounter: COMPUTE! magazine and its glorious, tedious type-in code]

=== Lost/Apocryphal Type-in Program Checkers ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531125324/http://nibblemagazine.com/pc_han5.jpg Code Checker] - PC Hands On (probably related to one of the programs used by Nibble Magazine)
* Spectravideo, MSX, C64 and VIC versions of [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]]

== See also ==
* [[Error codes and messages]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/fixity-and-filesystems-enhanced-system-monitoring-via-inodes-2/ Fixity and Filesystems: Enhanced System Monitoring via inodes]

PROOF-IT

2026-02-13T06:52:09Z

Parchivist: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |subcat=Error detection and correction |released=1984 }} '''PROOF-IT''' By Mike Howard is a type-in program checker for Commodore 64 used by Commodore 64 Fun and ..."

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1984
}}
'''PROOF-IT''' By Mike Howard is a type-in program checker for Commodore 64 used by Commodore 64 Fun and Games Volume 2.

It uses an up-to-5-digit number on each line and catches transpositions but ignores unimportant spaces and BASIC keyword abbreviations (like ? instead of PRINT)

== Sample Output ==
[[File:PROOF-IT.gif]]

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/commodore-64-fun-and-games-volume-2/page/n7/mode/2up Commodore 64 Fun and Games Volume 2 pg vii]

File:PROOF-IT.gif

2026-02-13T06:49:27Z

Parchivist:

Perfect Typist

2026-02-13T06:15:28Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1985
}}
'''Perfect Typist''' By James E Borden (64/128) and Robert Sims (ML) is a type-in program checker for Commodore used by Run magazine.

When you type in a program, a checksum from 0 to 255 will appear below the line on the left margin.

The line is checked only after it has been crunched by Basic. This allows PRINT and ? to give the same checksum value. If long lines require Basic keywords to be abbreviated, the checksum value will still be correct. Spaces matter only if they are within quotes. Transposition errors are caught

ML Perfect Typist is for machine language programs and has 13 pairs of characters per line, with the last two pairs acting as a checksum.

It was replaced by [[RUN's Checksum]] in Jan 1988.

== Sample Output ==
[[File:Perfect Typist.jpg]] Perfect Typist

[[File:ML Perfect Typist.jpg]] ML Perfect Typist

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/run-magazine-21/page/n79/mode/2up 64 Perfect Typist] (Run Sep 1985 pg 78)
* [https://archive.org/details/run-magazine-24/page/n111/mode/2up 128 Perfect Typist] (Run Dec 1985 pg 110)
* [https://archive.org/details/run-magazine-24/page/n51/mode/2up ML Perfect Typist] (Run Dec 1985 pg 50)
* [https://archive.org/download/run-magazine-36/Run_Issue_36_1986_Dec.pdf ML Perfect Typist 2.0] (Run Dec 1986 pg 98)
* [https://archive.org/details/run-magazine-rerun-disks Perfect Typist in .d64 format]
** 64 Perfect Typist in [https://diskmaster.textfiles.com/browse/7121/rerun-1985-winter.d64 rerun-1985-winter.d64]
** 128 Perfect Typist and ML Perfect Typist in [https://diskmaster.textfiles.com/browse/7122/rerun-1986-01-02.d64 rerun-1986-01-02.d64]
** ML Perfect Typist 2.0 in [https://diskmaster.textfiles.com/browse/7127/rerun-1986-11-12.d64 rerun-1986-11-12.d64]

Error detection and correction

2026-02-13T06:03:30Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Error detection and correction
|image=Error button 2.png
}}
== Error detection only ==
* [[Adler-32]]
* [[Checksum]]
* [[CRC]] (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
** [[CRC-16]]
** [[CRC-32]]
*** [[Brik]]
*** [[Simple File Verification]] (.sfv)
* [[MurmurHash]]
* [[Parity bit]]
* [[xxHash]]
For cryptographic hash functions, see [[Encryption]].

== Error detection and correction ==
* [[ARJ-PROTECT data]]
* [[Hamming code]]
* [[RAR]] recovery record and .rev recovery volumes
* [[Reed-Solomon error correction]]
** [[BlockHashLoc]] (.bhl)
** [[Blockyarchive/blkar]] (.ecsbx)
** [[DVDisaster Error Correction File]] (.ecc)
** [[ICE ECC]] (.ecc)
** [[Mono]] (.mono)
** [[Parity_Volume_Set|Parity Volume Set / Parchive]] (.par, .par2, .par3, pa3, .p??)
** [[Recovery Star]]
** [[RockFAT]]
** [[rsbep]] (.shielded, .frozen.RS)
** [[RSC32]] (.RSC32, .RSE32)
** [[rscode-correction]] (.rsecc)
** [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)

== Type-in Program Validation ==
* [[AccuType]] - Nibble
* [[Apple Checker]] - Nibble
* [[BASIC Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Bug-Out]] - Home Computer Magazine
* [[Bug Repellent]] - Ahoy!
* [[C:Check/D:Check/ST-Check]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Checkbin/Checksoft]] - Core and Hardcore Computist
* [[CheckIt]] - Nibble
* [[Checksummer]] - 64'er and Happy Computer
* [[Checksummer (Frank Brall)]] - Computronic and Compute Mit
* [[Chexsum]] - Melbourne House Publishers
* [[Commodore Dossier Checksum]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Dataspeeder]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Edytor BASICa]] - Moje Atari and Bajtek
* [[F64Summer]] - Forum64
* [[Flankspeed]] - Ahoy!
* [[Generator kodów kontrolnych]] - Tajemnice Atari
* [[Get It Right!]] - Atari User, The Micro User
* [[Hex Data Entry]] - Your Commodore
* [[Key Perfect]] - Nibble
* [[KEYO]] - Monitor (UKACOC)
* [[Korrector/Kontrolsum]] - Run (German, Danish and Hungarian editions)
* [[M/L Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Magazine Entry Program]] - Commodore Magazine
* [[MIKBUG Tape Format]] - Byte
* [[MLX]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[MSE]] - 64'er
* [[Perfect Typist]] - Run
* [[Program Checker]] - ROM Magazine
* [[Program Perfect]] - Computer Shopper
* [[RUN's Checksum]] - Run
* [[Squares Input Program]] - Computronic
* [[Stop Bug]] - Papersoft
* [[SWAT (Strategic Weapon Against Typos)]] - SoftSide
* [[Syntax Checker]] - Your Commodore
* [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]] - MikroBITTI
* [[The Automatic Proofreader]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)]] - Antic, Page 6, New Atari User
* [[Unicheck]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Verifizer]] - Transactor

=== General Info about Type-In Program Checkers ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-in_program#Validation_software Wikipedia]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Learn About Checksum Programs for Checking Type-In Programs]
* [https://arstechnica.com/staff/2018/11/first-encounter-compute-magazine-and-its-glorious-tedious-type-in-code/ First encounter: COMPUTE! magazine and its glorious, tedious type-in code]

=== Lost/Apocryphal Type-in Program Checkers ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531125324/http://nibblemagazine.com/pc_han5.jpg Code Checker] - PC Hands On (probably related to one of the programs used by Nibble Magazine)
* Spectravideo, MSX, C64 and VIC versions of [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]]

== See also ==
* [[Error codes and messages]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/fixity-and-filesystems-enhanced-system-monitoring-via-inodes-2/ Fixity and Filesystems: Enhanced System Monitoring via inodes]

RUN's Checksum

2026-02-13T06:00:39Z

Parchivist: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |subcat=Error detection and correction |released=1988 }} '''RUN's Checksum''' by Bob Kodadek is a type-in program checker for Commodore C-64 and C-128 used by Run..."

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1988
}}
'''RUN's Checksum''' by Bob Kodadek is a type-in program checker for Commodore C-64 and C-128 used by Run magazine that replaced [[Perfect Typist]].

When you type in a program, a checksum from 0 to 255 will appear below the line on the left margin.

The line is checked only after it has been crunched by Basic. This allows PRINT and ? to give the same checksum value. If long lines require Basic keywords to be abbreviated, the checksum value will still be correct. Spaces matter only if they are within quotes. Transposition errors are caught

While the output looks the same as [[Perfect Typist]], the checksums are not compatible. RUN's Checksum updated the algorithm to ensure that every byte of data entered has a unique value, depending on its position in the line.

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/run-magazine-49/page/n81/mode/2up RUN's Checksum] (Run Jan 1988 pg 80)
* [https://archive.org/details/run-magazine-rerun-disks RUN's Checksum in .d64 format] ([https://discmaster.textfiles.com/browse/7134/rerun-1988-01-02.d64 alternate source])

Chexsum

2026-02-13T05:33:35Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1983
}}
'''Chexsum''' is a type-in program checker for the Commodore 64 and 16, Amstrad CPC 464 and 664, Atari 130XE, and MSX used by Melbourne House Publishers.

It displays a four-digit checksum for each entered line.

It can sometimes see a '.' as a ',' and a ';' as a ':' if they fall on certain positions in a program line.

There are different versions in each book.

== Sample Output ==
[[File:Chexsum.gif]]

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/commodore-64-games-book/page/n13/mode/2up Commodore 64 Games Book pg 4] ([https://github.com/OldSkoolCoder/Melbourne-House-Commodore-64-Games-Book/tree/master/Book alternate source])
* [https://archive.org/details/commodore-64-games-book-2/page/n13/mode/2up Commodore 64 Games Book 2 pg 7] ([https://github.com/OldSkoolCoder/Melbourne-House-Commodore-64-Games-Book-2/tree/master/Book alternate source])
* [https://archive.org/details/Machine_Language_for_the_Absolute_Beginner_1984_Melbourne_House/page/n181/mode/2up?q=chexsum Commodore 64 Machine Language for the Absolute Beginner pg 176]
* [https://archive.org/details/commodore-16-games-book/page/8/mode/2up Commodore 16 Games Book pg 16]
* [https://plus4world.powweb.com/software/Chexsum C16 PRG file]
* [https://archive.org/details/msxgamesbookandrewlaceyfoundpage56andaddedhere/page/n9/mode/2up MSX Games Book pg 6]
* [https://archive.org/details/amstrad-games-book-cpc-464-664-kevin-bergin-andrew-laceyacme/page/2/mode/2up Amstrad Games Book pg 3]
* [https://archive.org/details/writing-adventure-games-on-the-amstrad-mike-lewis-simon-price-1985acme/page/154/mode/2up Writing Adventure Games on the Amstrad pg 155] ([http://people.cs.bris.ac.uk/~ecsnp/games/Writing%20Adventure%20Games%20on%20the%20Amstrad.pdf alternate source])
* [https://archive.org/details/Atari_130XE_Games_Book/page/n11/mode/2up Atari 130XE Games Book pg 3] ([https://www.atarimania.com/documents/Atari_130XE_Games_Book.pdf alternate source])
** [http://atarionline.pl/v01/utils2.php?ct=utils2&sub=9.%20Rozne&title=+Atari+130+XE+Games+Book&file=Atari+130+XE+Games+Book.atr .ATR file] ([http://atarionline.pl/v01/index.php?ct=utils2&sub=9.%20Rozne source page])

Error detection and correction

2026-02-13T05:07:09Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Error detection and correction
|image=Error button 2.png
}}
== Error detection only ==
* [[Adler-32]]
* [[Checksum]]
* [[CRC]] (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
** [[CRC-16]]
** [[CRC-32]]
*** [[Brik]]
*** [[Simple File Verification]] (.sfv)
* [[MurmurHash]]
* [[Parity bit]]
* [[xxHash]]
For cryptographic hash functions, see [[Encryption]].

== Error detection and correction ==
* [[ARJ-PROTECT data]]
* [[Hamming code]]
* [[RAR]] recovery record and .rev recovery volumes
* [[Reed-Solomon error correction]]
** [[BlockHashLoc]] (.bhl)
** [[Blockyarchive/blkar]] (.ecsbx)
** [[DVDisaster Error Correction File]] (.ecc)
** [[ICE ECC]] (.ecc)
** [[Mono]] (.mono)
** [[Parity_Volume_Set|Parity Volume Set / Parchive]] (.par, .par2, .par3, pa3, .p??)
** [[Recovery Star]]
** [[RockFAT]]
** [[rsbep]] (.shielded, .frozen.RS)
** [[RSC32]] (.RSC32, .RSE32)
** [[rscode-correction]] (.rsecc)
** [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)

== Type-in Program Validation ==
* [[AccuType]] - Nibble
* [[Apple Checker]] - Nibble
* [[BASIC Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Bug-Out]] - Home Computer Magazine
* [[Bug Repellent]] - Ahoy!
* [[C:Check/D:Check/ST-Check]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Checkbin/Checksoft]] - Core and Hardcore Computist
* [[CheckIt]] - Nibble
* [[Checksummer]] - 64'er and Happy Computer
* [[Checksummer (Frank Brall)]] - Computronic and Compute Mit
* [[Chexsum]] - Melbourne House Publishers
* [[Commodore Dossier Checksum]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Dataspeeder]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Edytor BASICa]] - Moje Atari and Bajtek
* [[F64Summer]] - Forum64
* [[Flankspeed]] - Ahoy!
* [[Generator kodów kontrolnych]] - Tajemnice Atari
* [[Get It Right!]] - Atari User, The Micro User
* [[Hex Data Entry]] - Your Commodore
* [[Key Perfect]] - Nibble
* [[KEYO]] - Monitor (UKACOC)
* [[Korrector/Kontrolsum]] - Run (German, Danish and Hungarian editions)
* [[M/L Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Magazine Entry Program]] - Commodore Magazine
* [[MIKBUG Tape Format]] - Byte
* [[MLX]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[MSE]] - 64'er
* [[Perfect Typist]] - Run
* [[Program Checker]] - ROM Magazine
* [[Program Perfect]] - Computer Shopper
* [[Squares Input Program]] - Computronic
* [[Stop Bug]] - Papersoft
* [[SWAT (Strategic Weapon Against Typos)]] - SoftSide
* [[Syntax Checker]] - Your Commodore
* [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]] - MikroBITTI
* [[The Automatic Proofreader]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)]] - Antic, Page 6, New Atari User
* [[Unicheck]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Verifizer]] - Transactor

=== General Info about Type-In Program Checkers ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-in_program#Validation_software Wikipedia]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Learn About Checksum Programs for Checking Type-In Programs]
* [https://arstechnica.com/staff/2018/11/first-encounter-compute-magazine-and-its-glorious-tedious-type-in-code/ First encounter: COMPUTE! magazine and its glorious, tedious type-in code]

=== Lost/Apocryphal Type-in Program Checkers ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531125324/http://nibblemagazine.com/pc_han5.jpg Code Checker] - PC Hands On (probably related to one of the programs used by Nibble Magazine)
* Spectravideo, MSX, C64 and VIC versions of [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]]

== See also ==
* [[Error codes and messages]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/fixity-and-filesystems-enhanced-system-monitoring-via-inodes-2/ Fixity and Filesystems: Enhanced System Monitoring via inodes]

Error detection and correction

2026-02-13T05:06:34Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Error detection and correction
|image=Error button 2.png
}}
== Error detection only ==
* [[Adler-32]]
* [[Checksum]]
* [[CRC]] (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
** [[CRC-16]]
** [[CRC-32]]
*** [[Brik]]
*** [[Simple File Verification]] (.sfv)
* [[MurmurHash]]
* [[Parity bit]]
* [[xxHash]]
For cryptographic hash functions, see [[Encryption]].

== Error detection and correction ==
* [[ARJ-PROTECT data]]
* [[Hamming code]]
* [[RAR]] recovery record and .rev recovery volumes
* [[Reed-Solomon error correction]]
** [[BlockHashLoc]] (.bhl)
** [[Blockyarchive/blkar]] (.ecsbx)
** [[DVDisaster Error Correction File]] (.ecc)
** [[ICE ECC]] (.ecc)
** [[Mono]] (.mono)
** [[Parity_Volume_Set|Parity Volume Set / Parchive]] (.par, .par2, .par3, pa3, .p??)
** [[Recovery Star]]
** [[RockFAT]]
** [[rsbep]] (.shielded, .frozen.RS)
** [[RSC32]] (.RSC32, .RSE32)
** [[rscode-correction]] (.rsecc)
** [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)

== Type-in Program Validation ==
* [[AccuType]] - Nibble
* [[Apple Checker]] - Nibble
* [[BASIC Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Bug-Out]] - Home Computer Magazine
* [[Bug Repellent]] - Ahoy!
* [[C:Check/D:Check/ST-Check]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Checkbin/Checksoft]] - Core and Hardcore Computist
* [[CheckIt]] - Nibble
* [[Checksummer]] - 64'er and Happy Computer
* [[Checksummer (Frank Brall)]] - Computronic and Compute Mit
* [[Chexsummer]] - Melbourne House Publishers
* [[Commodore Dossier Checksum]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Dataspeeder]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Edytor BASICa]] - Moje Atari and Bajtek
* [[F64Summer]] - Forum64
* [[Flankspeed]] - Ahoy!
* [[Generator kodów kontrolnych]] - Tajemnice Atari
* [[Get It Right!]] - Atari User, The Micro User
* [[Hex Data Entry]] - Your Commodore
* [[Key Perfect]] - Nibble
* [[KEYO]] - Monitor (UKACOC)
* [[Korrector/Kontrolsum]] - Run (German, Danish and Hungarian editions)
* [[M/L Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Magazine Entry Program]] - Commodore Magazine
* [[MIKBUG Tape Format]] - Byte
* [[MLX]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[MSE]] - 64'er
* [[Perfect Typist]] - Run
* [[Program Checker]] - ROM Magazine
* [[Program Perfect]] - Computer Shopper
* [[Squares Input Program]] - Computronic
* [[Stop Bug]] - Papersoft
* [[SWAT (Strategic Weapon Against Typos)]] - SoftSide
* [[Syntax Checker]] - Your Commodore
* [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]] - MikroBITTI
* [[The Automatic Proofreader]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)]] - Antic, Page 6, New Atari User
* [[Unicheck]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Verifizer]] - Transactor

=== General Info about Type-In Program Checkers ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-in_program#Validation_software Wikipedia]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Learn About Checksum Programs for Checking Type-In Programs]
* [https://arstechnica.com/staff/2018/11/first-encounter-compute-magazine-and-its-glorious-tedious-type-in-code/ First encounter: COMPUTE! magazine and its glorious, tedious type-in code]

=== Lost/Apocryphal Type-in Program Checkers ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531125324/http://nibblemagazine.com/pc_han5.jpg Code Checker] - PC Hands On (probably related to one of the programs used by Nibble Magazine)
* Spectravideo, MSX, C64 and VIC versions of [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]]

== See also ==
* [[Error codes and messages]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/fixity-and-filesystems-enhanced-system-monitoring-via-inodes-2/ Fixity and Filesystems: Enhanced System Monitoring via inodes]

Chexsum

2026-02-13T05:04:55Z

Parchivist: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |subcat=Error detection and correction |released=1983 }} '''Chexsum''' is a type-in program checker for the Commodore 64 and 16, Amstrad CPC 464 and 664, Atari 13..."

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1983
}}
'''Chexsum''' is a type-in program checker for the Commodore 64 and 16, Amstrad CPC 464 and 664, Atari 130XE, and MSX used by Melbourne House Publishers.

It displays a four-digit checksum for each entered line.

It can sometimes see a '.' as a ',' and a ';' as a ':' if they fall on certain positions in a program line.

There are different versions in each book.

== Sample Output ==
[[File:Chexsum.gif]]

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/commodore-64-games-book/page/n13/mode/2up Commodore 64 Games Book pg 4] ([https://github.com/OldSkoolCoder/Melbourne-House-Commodore-64-Games-Book/tree/master/Book alternate source])
* [https://archive.org/details/commodore-64-games-book-2/page/n13/mode/2up Commodore 64 Games Book 2 pg 7] ([https://github.com/OldSkoolCoder/Melbourne-House-Commodore-64-Games-Book-2/tree/master/Book alternate source])
* [https://archive.org/details/Machine_Language_for_the_Absolute_Beginner_1984_Melbourne_House/page/n181/mode/2up?q=chexsum Commodore 64 Machine Language for the Absolute Beginner pg 176]
* [https://archive.org/details/commodore-16-games-book/page/8/mode/2up Commodore 16 Games Book pg 16]
* [https://plus4world.powweb.com/software/Chexsum C16 PRG file]
* [https://archive.org/details/msxgamesbookandrewlaceyfoundpage56andaddedhere/page/n9/mode/2up MSX Games Book pg 6]
* [https://archive.org/details/amstrad-games-book-cpc-464-664-kevin-bergin-andrew-laceyacme/page/2/mode/2up Amstrad Games Book pg 3]
* [https://archive.org/details/writing-adventure-games-on-the-amstrad-mike-lewis-simon-price-1985acme/page/154/mode/2up Writing Adventure Games on the Amstrad pg 155]
* [https://archive.org/details/Atari_130XE_Games_Book/page/n11/mode/2up Atari 130XE Games Book pg 3]

File:Chexsum.gif

2026-02-13T03:34:55Z

Parchivist:

AbiWord

2026-02-01T15:36:38Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Document
|subcat2=Word Processor
|extensions={{ext|abw}}, {{ext|zabw}}, {{ext|abw.gz}}, {{ext|awt}}, {{ext|hash}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/890}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/891}}
}}
'''ABW''' is the format used by AbiWord, a Free multi-platform word processor.
It is an [[XML]] based format. The .zabw and .abw.gz versions are compressed using [[GZIP]]. AbiWord also uses the .awt extension for templates and .hash for spellchecker dictionaries.

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|document/abiWord}}

== Links ==
* [http://abisource.com/ AbiWord website]
* [http://www.abisource.com/wiki/File_format info about the file format]
* [https://github.com/AbiWord/abiword/blob/master/docs/AbiWord_DocumentFormat.abw v1.0 format info] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20040628024541/http://adproject.free.fr:80/Help/technics/AbiWord_DocumentFormat.html in html], [https://forum.altlinux.org/index.php?topic=34493.msg252040#msg252040 another html option] (click the + to expand the message))
* [http://www.abisource.com/wiki/AbiWord page has a sample file]
* [http://www.abisource.com/wiki/FaqAbiWordNativeFormatToText to convert to plain text]
* [https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/DLP/Libraries/libabw libabw: Library for importing AbiWord documents]
* [https://web.mit.edu/outland/share/AbiSuite/AbiWord/help/en-US/howto/howtonormaltemplate.html AbiWord template info]
* [https://web.mit.edu/outland/share/AbiSuite/AbiWord/help/en-US/problems/problemsfaq.html AbiWord .hash dictionary info]

[[Category:XML based file formats]]

AbiWord

2026-02-01T15:24:18Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Document
|subcat2=Word Processor
|extensions={{ext|abw}}, {{ext|zabw}}, {{ext|abw.gz}}, {{ext|awt}}, {{ext|hash}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/890}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/891}}
}}
'''ABW''' is the format used by AbiWord, a Free multi-platform word processor.
It is an [[XML]] based format. The .zabw and .abw.gz versions are compressed using [[GZIP]]. AbiWord also uses the .awt extension for templates and .hash for spellchecker dictionaries.

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|document/abiWord}}

== Links ==
* [http://abisource.com/ AbiWord website]
* [http://www.abisource.com/wiki/File_format info about the file format]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040628024541/http://adproject.free.fr:80/Help/technics/AbiWord_DocumentFormat.html v1.0 format info]
* [http://www.abisource.com/wiki/AbiWord page has a sample file]
* [http://www.abisource.com/wiki/FaqAbiWordNativeFormatToText to convert to plain text]
* [https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/DLP/Libraries/libabw libabw: Library for importing AbiWord documents]
* [https://web.mit.edu/outland/share/AbiSuite/AbiWord/help/en-US/howto/howtonormaltemplate.html AbiWord template info]
* [https://web.mit.edu/outland/share/AbiSuite/AbiWord/help/en-US/problems/problemsfaq.html AbiWord .hash dictionary info]

[[Category:XML based file formats]]

VAG (PlayStation)

2026-01-03T05:57:34Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|vag}}
}}

[[Category:Resident Evil (1997)]]

'''VAG''' is the PlayStation single waveform data format for 4-bit mono [[ADPCM|ADPCM-encoded data]] of sampled sounds. While the VAG format is most commonly associated with PS1 games, it is also used in some notable PS2 and PSP games.

Multiple VAG files can be combined in a VAB file.

== Specification ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Variable
! Type
|-
| Signature
| {{magic|VAGp}}
|-
| Version
| 4 bytes
|-
| Reserved
| 4 bytes
|-
| Data size (Bytes)
| 4 bytes
|-
| Sampling frequency
| 4 bytes
|-
| Reserved
| 12 bytes
|-
| Name
| 16 bytes
|-
| Waveform data
| (remainder of data)
|}

Version identifies which version of AIFF2VAG created the file. 
— Mac converters 
v1.3 ‘00000002’ 
v1.6+ ‘00000003’ 
— PC converters 
-v1.8 ‘00000000’ 
v2.0+ ‘00000020’

Sampling frequency can be used to determine the pitch at which to play the VAG. pitch = (sampling frequency <<12)/44100L

Ex: 44.1kHz=0x1000, 22.05kHz=0x800, etc.

All VAGs must have a lead-in of 16 bytes of zero data. This data initializes the SPU in order to prevent clipping noises.

Restrictions of the SPU sound source memory requires that the total of VAG data be 520,160 bytes or less. Since ADPCM has 3.5:1 compression, the source samples would have to fit into a maximum of 1.7MB.

For any loops, the SPU requires that all parameters be in multiples of 28. Thus the starting frame of the loop, the ending frame of the loop, and the length of the loop must be multiples of 28.

The data (after the 48 byte header) is arranged into 16 byte sections. There are
2 header bytes, followed by 14 compressed bytes of sound data. The
second header byte is the interesting one as far as looping is
concerned. In a non looping sample, the sections will be like this:

XX 00 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

The second header byte is always set to 0. (except for the very last two
16 byte blocks of a non-looping sample (see below).)

For a looping sample, you can really only set the loop starting point -
the end of the loop can only be at the end of the sample. You set the
two points by setting the appropriate bits in the second header byte of
the 16 byte section you want them to be in. Like this:

Start of loop: 
XX 06 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

End of loop (also the last 16 bytes of the sample): 
XX 03 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

(BTW, the second header byte of the second last 16 byte section of a
non-looping sample will be set to 01 instead of 03. This is then
followed by a 16 byte SPU irq clear block, which looks like this:

00 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
[or] 
00 07 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77

As you can see, you can only set loop points at the 16 byte block level,
you cannot be more accurate than that. (Actually its worse than that,
because each 16 byte block corresponds to 28 bytes of the original
uncompressed sample data).

== Software ==
* [[FFmpeg]]
* [https://github.com/WonderfulToolchain/psxavenc PSXAvenc]
* [https://vgmstream.org/ vgmstream (previously in_cube)] ([https://github.com/vgmstream/vgmstream github])
** [https://wiki.vg-resource.com/Video_Game_Sound_Converter Video Game Sound Converter] - VGSC is a UI wrapper for vgstream
** [https://katiefrogs.github.io/vgmstream-web vgmstream-web] online web player/converter using vgmstream
** [https://zxtune.bitbucket.io/ zxtune] (uses vgmstream library)
* [https://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/PSYQ_SDK.zip PsyQ sdk] - contains graphical editor VAG Editor v1.0 (VAGEDIT.exe) ([https://web.archive.org/web/20221104183535/https://winningeleven-games.com/showthread.php?tid=8880 tutorial])
* [https://github.com/BodbDearg/PlayStation1Vsts/releases PsxSampler]
* [https://github.com/eurotools/es-ps2-vag-tool PlayStation 2 VAG Tool (aka PS2 VAG TOOL aka AIFF2VAG)]
* [https://github.com/Aikku93/wav2vag Aikku93's wav2vag]
* [https://github.com/ColdSauce/psxsdk/blob/master/tools/wav2vag.c bITmASTER's wav2vag]
** [https://github.com/ABelliqueux/nolibgs_hello_worlds/wiki/VAG tutorial to convert mp3 to vag with FFmpeg and wav2vag]
** [http://psx.arthus.net/code/VAG/wav2vag-win32.zip compiled version of wav2vag for win32]
* [https://github.com/ColdSauce/psxsdk/blob/master/tools/vag2wav.c bITmASTER's vag2wav]
* [https://hitmen.c02.at/html/psx_tools.html PsxSound 1.0 by SM0N (aka PSXSND.EXE)] - Convert your PSX VAG/VAB/VB+VH/RAW soundfiles to .WAV
* [https://hitmen.c02.at/html/psx_tools.html Psx Audio Tools 0.1 by Mumbly] - includes Vab Ripper, Vab 2 Vag and Vag_Depack
* [https://hitmen.c02.at/html/psx_sources.html VAG pack and VAG depack v0.1 by bITmASTER] - aka PSX VAG-Packer and VAG-Depack
* [https://consolecopyworld.com/psx/psx_utils_prg.shtml Search v1.1 by Reptile] - searches for PSX files (including VAB and VAG) in any file
* [http://snailrush.online.fr/ PSound] ([https://www.romhacking.net/utilities/679/ alt link])
** [http://www.thelostworlds.net/Software/PSound_and_SoundReaver_2.html SoundReaver 2 addon for PSound] (specific to Soul Reaver 2 and Blood Omen 2)
* [https://www.zophar.net/utilities/ps2util/mfaudio-1-1.html MFAudio]
* [https://youtu.be/kPmGVZocLag?t=1012 Winning Eleven Multi Tool 2K24 By CARP] (includes VAG Extractor)
** [https://www.mediafire.com/file/ogjndjjj4c6j3mn/WE_MultiTool.7z/file direct link]
** [https://zonawe.forosactivos.net/t2614-winning-eleven-multi-tool-mi-aporte-final-y-despedida-by-carp-maxiducoli-actualizacion-18-11-2024 forum thread]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220309170433/https://aluigi.altervista.org/papers/vagguess.zip PS2 VAG interleave value guesser and files extractor by Luigi Auriemma (VAGGUESS)]
* [https://zenhax.com/viewtopic.php@t=2299&start=20.html vag_scanner by id-daemon]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230513174441/http://forum.xentax.com/viewtopic.php?f=13&p=43263 VAG_scanner.bms] - QuickBMS script to scan a file for mono VAG files
* [https://www.cebeans.com/Programs/VAG/VAGPlayerp.htm VAGPlayer for Windows CE]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141201133734/https://492caf50c305ba6a67e35b7283324b352a2462f1.googledrive.com/host/0BwYVUA7ansC5cHQ0aEZaNHppVGc/WavtoVagV3.0.zip Wav to Vag V3.0 for PSP by highboy] ([https://endlessparadigm.com/forum/showthread.php?tid=13094 info thread])
* [https://www.fmjsoft.com/awavestudio.html#main FMJ-Software Awave Studio]
* [https://www.videoconverterfactory.com/hd-video-converter/ WonderFox HD Video Converter Factory Pro]
* [https://www.watto.org/game_extractor.html Watto Studios Game Extractor]
* [https://convertall.com/en/vag-converter Online conversion from ConvertAll]
* VAG Converter (from PSP SDK)
* Multistream F-Packer (from PS2 SDK)

== Sample code to run on PS1 ==
* [http://psx.arthus.net/code/VAG/ Multiple examples]
* [https://github.com/ABelliqueux/nolibgs_hello_worlds/blob/main/hello_vag/hello_vag.c sample code to load a VAG file to SPU sound buffer and play it back]
* [https://github.com/ABelliqueux/nolibgs_hello_worlds/blob/main/hello_multi_vag/hello_multi_vag.c sample code to load VAG samples to the SPU sound buffer and play them back with pad input]
* [http://www.psxdev.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=153 VAG Example (VAG DEMO)] - example of how to play VAG audio from the SPU RAM with DMA
** [http://www.psxdev.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3368 Updates to VAG DEMO]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|audio/vag}}
* [https://github.com/ABelliqueux/nolibgs_hello_worlds/tree/main/VAG samples from ABelliqueux]

== Notes ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnHmD2z8zJk How to make PS1 samples for FREE!] from SoundFontGuy on YouTube
* [https://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/Devrefs/Filefrmt.pdf PlayStation file formats pg 212] on ''psx.arthus.net''
* [https://github.com/ABelliqueux/nolibgs_hello_worlds/wiki/VAG File Format from ABelliqueux]
* [http://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/FileFormat47.pdf FileFormat47.pdf pg 209]
* [http://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/LibOver47.pdf LibOver47.pdf pg 271]
* [https://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/LibRef47.pdf LibRef47.pdf pg 980]
* [https://github.com/SoapyMan/medal_of_honor_psx/blob/master/doc_VAB_hack.txt notes on VAG looping from Silpheed]
* [https://archive.vg-resource.com/archive/index.php/thread-41234.html Tutorial: generic SFX ripping for PS1/PS2/PSP]
* [https://old.reddit.com/r/gamemusic/comments/r450xx/what_instruments_or_daw_were_used_to_compose/ what instruments or Daw were used to compose music for psx games in the past?]
* [https://rewiki.miraheze.org/wiki/PlayStation_VAG_Audio PlayStation VAG Audio at Reverse Engineering Wiki]
* [https://zenhax.com/viewtopic.php@t=12912.html Manually extracting VAG files with a hex editor]

VAG (PlayStation)

2026-01-03T00:15:34Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|vag}}
}}

[[Category:Resident Evil (1997)]]

'''VAG''' is the PlayStation single waveform data format for 4-bit mono [[ADPCM|ADPCM-encoded data]] of sampled sounds. While the VAG format is most commonly associated with PS1 games, it is also used in some notable PS2 and PSP games.

Multiple VAG files can be combined in a VAB file.

== Specification ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Variable
! Type
|-
| Signature
| {{magic|VAGp}}
|-
| Version
| 4 bytes
|-
| Reserved
| 4 bytes
|-
| Data size (Bytes)
| 4 bytes
|-
| Sampling frequency
| 4 bytes
|-
| Reserved
| 12 bytes
|-
| Name
| 16 bytes
|-
| Waveform data
| (remainder of data)
|}

Version identifies which version of AIFF2VAG created the file. 
— Mac converters 
v1.3 ‘00000002’ 
v1.6+ ‘00000003’ 
— PC converters 
-v1.8 ‘00000000’ 
v2.0+ ‘00000020’

Sampling frequency can be used to determine the pitch at which to play the VAG. pitch = (sampling frequency <<12)/44100L

Ex: 44.1kHz=0x1000, 22.05kHz=0x800, etc.

All VAGs must have a lead-in of 16 bytes of zero data. This data initializes the SPU in order to prevent clipping noises.

Restrictions of the SPU sound source memory requires that the total of VAG data be 520,160 bytes or less. Since ADPCM has 3.5:1 compression, the source samples would have to fit into a maximum of 1.7MB.

For any loops, the SPU requires that all parameters be in multiples of 28. Thus the starting frame of the loop, the ending frame of the loop, and the length of the loop must be multiples of 28.

The data (after the 48 byte header) is arranged into 16 byte sections. There are
2 header bytes, followed by 14 compressed bytes of sound data. The
second header byte is the interesting one as far as looping is
concerned. In a non looping sample, the sections will be like this:

XX 00 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

The second header byte is always set to 0. (except for the very last two
16 byte blocks of a non-looping sample (see below).)

For a looping sample, you can really only set the loop starting point -
the end of the loop can only be at the end of the sample. You set the
two points by setting the appropriate bits in the second header byte of
the 16 byte section you want them to be in. Like this:

Start of loop: 
XX 06 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

End of loop (also the last 16 bytes of the sample): 
XX 03 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

(BTW, the second header byte of the second last 16 byte section of a
non-looping sample will be set to 01 instead of 03. This is then
followed by a 16 byte SPU irq clear block, which looks like this:

00 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
[or] 
00 07 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77

As you can see, you can only set loop points at the 16 byte block level,
you cannot be more accurate than that. (Actually its worse than that,
because each 16 byte block corresponds to 28 bytes of the original
uncompressed sample data).

== Software ==
* [[FFmpeg]]
* [https://github.com/WonderfulToolchain/psxavenc PSXAvenc]
* [https://vgmstream.org/ vgmstream (previously in_cube)] ([https://github.com/vgmstream/vgmstream github])
** [https://wiki.vg-resource.com/Video_Game_Sound_Converter Video Game Sound Converter] - VGSC is a UI wrapper for vgstream
** [https://katiefrogs.github.io/vgmstream-web vgmstream-web] online web player/converter using vgmstream
** [https://zxtune.bitbucket.io/ zxtune] (uses vgmstream library)
* [https://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/PSYQ_SDK.zip PsyQ sdk] - contains graphical editor VAG Editor v1.0 (VAGEDIT.exe) ([https://web.archive.org/web/20221104183535/https://winningeleven-games.com/showthread.php?tid=8880 tutorial])
* [https://github.com/BodbDearg/PlayStation1Vsts/releases PsxSampler]
* [https://github.com/eurotools/es-ps2-vag-tool PlayStation 2 VAG Tool (aka PS2 VAG TOOL aka AIFF2VAG)]
* [https://github.com/Aikku93/wav2vag Aikku93's wav2vag]
* [https://github.com/ColdSauce/psxsdk/blob/master/tools/wav2vag.c bITmASTER's wav2vag]
** [https://github.com/ABelliqueux/nolibgs_hello_worlds/wiki/VAG tutorial to convert mp3 to vag with FFmpeg and wav2vag]
** [http://psx.arthus.net/code/VAG/wav2vag-win32.zip compiled version of wav2vag for win32]
* [https://github.com/ColdSauce/psxsdk/blob/master/tools/vag2wav.c bITmASTER's vag2wav]
* [https://hitmen.c02.at/html/psx_tools.html PsxSound 1.0 by SM0N (aka PSXSND.EXE)] - Convert your PSX VAG/VAB/VB+VH/RAW soundfiles to .WAV
* [https://hitmen.c02.at/html/psx_tools.html Psx Audio Tools 0.1 by Mumbly] - includes Vab Ripper, Vab 2 Vag and Vag_Depack
* [https://hitmen.c02.at/html/psx_sources.html VAG pack and VAG depack v0.1 by bITmASTER] - aka PSX VAG-Packer and VAG-Depack
* [https://consolecopyworld.com/psx/psx_utils_prg.shtml Search v1.1 by Reptile] - searches for PSX files (including VAB and VAG) in any file
* [http://snailrush.online.fr/ PSound] ([https://www.romhacking.net/utilities/679/ alt link])
** [http://www.thelostworlds.net/Software/PSound_and_SoundReaver_2.html SoundReaver 2 addon for PSound] (specific to Soul Reaver 2 and Blood Omen 2)
* [https://www.zophar.net/utilities/ps2util/mfaudio-1-1.html MFAudio]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220309170433/https://aluigi.altervista.org/papers/vagguess.zip PS2 VAG interleave value guesser and files extractor by Luigi Auriemma (VAGGUESS)]
* [https://zenhax.com/viewtopic.php@t=2299&start=20.html vag_scanner by id-daemon]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230513174441/http://forum.xentax.com/viewtopic.php?f=13&p=43263 VAG_scanner.bms] - QuickBMS script to scan a file for mono VAG files
* [https://www.cebeans.com/Programs/VAG/VAGPlayerp.htm VAGPlayer for Windows CE]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141201133734/https://492caf50c305ba6a67e35b7283324b352a2462f1.googledrive.com/host/0BwYVUA7ansC5cHQ0aEZaNHppVGc/WavtoVagV3.0.zip Wav to Vag V3.0 for PSP by highboy] ([https://endlessparadigm.com/forum/showthread.php?tid=13094 info thread])
* [https://www.fmjsoft.com/awavestudio.html#main FMJ-Software Awave Studio]
* [https://www.videoconverterfactory.com/hd-video-converter/ WonderFox HD Video Converter Factory Pro]
* [https://www.watto.org/game_extractor.html Watto Studios Game Extractor]
* [https://convertall.com/en/vag-converter Online conversion from ConvertAll]
* VAG Converter (from PSP SDK)
* Multistream F-Packer (from PS2 SDK)

== Sample code to run on PS1 ==
* [http://psx.arthus.net/code/VAG/ Multiple examples]
* [https://github.com/ABelliqueux/nolibgs_hello_worlds/blob/main/hello_vag/hello_vag.c sample code to load a VAG file to SPU sound buffer and play it back]
* [https://github.com/ABelliqueux/nolibgs_hello_worlds/blob/main/hello_multi_vag/hello_multi_vag.c sample code to load VAG samples to the SPU sound buffer and play them back with pad input]
* [http://www.psxdev.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=153 VAG Example (VAG DEMO)] - example of how to play VAG audio from the SPU RAM with DMA
** [http://www.psxdev.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3368 Updates to VAG DEMO]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|audio/vag}}
* [https://github.com/ABelliqueux/nolibgs_hello_worlds/tree/main/VAG samples from ABelliqueux]

== Notes ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnHmD2z8zJk How to make PS1 samples for FREE!] from SoundFontGuy on YouTube
* [https://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/Devrefs/Filefrmt.pdf PlayStation file formats pg 212] on ''psx.arthus.net''
* [https://github.com/ABelliqueux/nolibgs_hello_worlds/wiki/VAG File Format from ABelliqueux]
* [http://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/FileFormat47.pdf FileFormat47.pdf pg 209]
* [http://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/LibOver47.pdf LibOver47.pdf pg 271]
* [https://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/LibRef47.pdf LibRef47.pdf pg 980]
* [https://github.com/SoapyMan/medal_of_honor_psx/blob/master/doc_VAB_hack.txt notes on VAG looping from Silpheed]
* [https://archive.vg-resource.com/archive/index.php/thread-41234.html Tutorial: generic SFX ripping for PS1/PS2/PSP]
* [https://old.reddit.com/r/gamemusic/comments/r450xx/what_instruments_or_daw_were_used_to_compose/ what instruments or Daw were used to compose music for psx games in the past?]
* [https://rewiki.miraheze.org/wiki/PlayStation_VAG_Audio PlayStation VAG Audio at Reverse Engineering Wiki]
* [https://zenhax.com/viewtopic.php@t=12912.html Manually extracting VAG files with a hex editor]

VAG (PlayStation)

2026-01-02T18:06:42Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|vag}}
}}

[[Category:Resident Evil (1997)]]

'''VAG''' is the PlayStation single waveform data format for [[ADPCM|ADPCM-encoded data]] of sampled sounds.

== Specification ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Variable
! Type
|-
| Signature
| {{magic|VAGp}}
|-
| Version
| 4 bytes
|-
| Reserved
| 4 bytes
|-
| Data size (Bytes)
| 4 bytes
|-
| Sampling frequency
| 4 bytes
|-
| Reserved
| 12 bytes
|-
| Name
| 16 bytes
|-
| Waveform data
| (remainder of data)
|}

== Software ==
* [[FFmpeg]]
* [https://zxtune.bitbucket.io/ zxtune]
* [https://github.com/WonderfulToolchain/psxavenc PSXAvenc]
* [https://github.com/BodbDearg/PlayStation1Vsts/releases PsxSampler]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|audio/vag}}

== Notes ==
* [https://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/Devrefs/Filefrmt.pdf PlayStation file formats] on ''psx.arthus.net''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnHmD2z8zJk How to make PS1 samples for FREE!] from SoundFontGuy on YouTube

Category:File formats with extension .vag

2026-01-02T17:58:41Z

Parchivist: Created page with "V"

[[Category:File formats by extension|V]]

VAG (PlayStation)

2026-01-02T17:57:20Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|extensions={{ext|vag}}
}}

[[Category:Resident Evil (1997)]]

'''VAG''' is the PlayStation single waveform data format for [[ADPCM|ADPCM-encoded data]] of sampled sounds.

== Specification ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Variable
! Type
|-
| Signature
| {{magic|VAGp}}
|-
| Version
| 4 bytes
|-
| Reserved
| 4 bytes
|-
| Data size
| 4 bytes
|-
| Sampling frequency
| 4 bytes
|-
| Name
| 16 bytes
|-
| Waveform data
| (remainder of data)
|}

== Software ==
* [[FFmpeg]]
* [https://zxtune.bitbucket.io/ zxtune]
* [https://github.com/WonderfulToolchain/psxavenc PSXAvenc]
* [https://github.com/BodbDearg/PlayStation1Vsts/releases PsxSampler]

== Sample files ==
* {{DexvertSamples|audio/vag}}

== Notes ==
* [https://psx.arthus.net/sdk/Psy-Q/DOCS/Devrefs/Filefrmt.pdf PlayStation file formats] on ''psx.arthus.net''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnHmD2z8zJk How to make PS1 samples for FREE!] from SoundFontGuy on YouTube

QWK

2026-01-01T16:33:47Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=E-Mail, newsgroups, and forums
|released=1987
|extensions={{ext|qwk}}, {{ext|rep}}, {{ext|msg}}
}}

QMail and the QWK format was created in 1987 by Mark "Sparky" Herring. The idea was to gather up all of the new messages posted on a bulletin board system and "quickly" transmit them to the user. Then the user could disconnect from the BBS and read the messages at their leisure using a QWK mail reader. If the user entered any new messages they could call the BBS back and upload their replies to the system.

Messaging volume took off as soon as QWK was introduced to the public. Suddenly, users could read a much larger number of messages "offline" than they could "online". Users also found they could call bulletin board systems that were long distance and keep up with messages without spending a fortune. Sysops liked the QWK format because it allowed them to service more users per hour per node than without it.

Support was added to several other mail readers, including Silly Little Mail Reader (SLMR) and it's successor OLX, EZ-Reader, 1stReader, and WinQuick.

== Specifications ==
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwkfoy.html The Mysterious QWK-File Format] - 1991, by Jeffery Foy
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwkmay.html QWK mail format information] - 1991, by Mark May
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwklay.html QWK Mail Packet File Layout] - v1.6, 1992, by Patrick Y. Lee
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/qwk.txt QWK Mail Packet File Layout] - v1.3, 1992, by Patrick Y. Lee
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwk1st.html The Programmer's Guide to 1stReader] - v2.0, 1995, by Mark Herring
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwke.html QWKE Specifications] - v1.02, 1997, by Peter Rocca
* [https://wiki.synchro.net/ref:qwk Synchronet QWK reference] - covers QWK, QWKE, and Synchronet extensions to QWK
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/ Offline Formats]

== Software ==
* [http://www.nfbnet.org/download/olr.htm Off-Line Readers at National Federation of the Blind]
* [http://www.lanet.lv/simtel.net/msdos/mailnews-pre.html Simtel MS-DOS archive: E-mail and Usenet News programs]
* [http://cd.textfiles.com/simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/MAILNEWS/00_INDEX.HTM Simtel for MSDOS (September 1997): E-mail and Usenet News programs]
* [https://mirrors.archeobits.com/bbs/archives.thebbs.org/ra110c.htm Off-Line Mail Readers]
* [https://wmcbrine.com/MultiMail/ MultiMail Offline Reader] ([https://github.com/wmcbrine/MultiMail GitHub])
* [https://wmcbrine.com/sl/ Valence QWK Door for Searchlight BBS]

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/Boardwatch_Magazine_Vol_06_10_1992_Dec/page/n21/mode/2up Offline Mail - Slashing Phone Bills with Sparky Herring's QWK Mail Readers] (Boardwatch Magazine, December 1992)

QWK

2026-01-01T16:32:01Z

Parchivist:

QWK

2026-01-01T16:31:50Z

Parchivist: /* Specifications */

Category:File formats with extension .rep

2026-01-01T16:30:27Z

Parchivist: Created page with "R"

[[Category:File formats by extension|R]]

Category:File formats with extension .qwk

2026-01-01T16:30:05Z

Parchivist: Created page with "Q"

[[Category:File formats by extension|Q]]

QWK

2026-01-01T16:27:38Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=E-Mail, newsgroups, and forums
|released=1987
|extensions={{ext|qwk}}, {{ext|rep}}, {{ext|msg}}
}}

QMail and the QWK format was created in 1987 by Mark "Sparky" Herring. The idea was to gather up all of the new messages posted on a bulletin board system and "quickly" transmit them to the user. Then the user could disconnect from the BBS and read the messages at their leisure using a QWK mail reader. If the user entered any new messages they could call the BBS back and upload their replies to the system.

Messaging volume took off as soon as QWK was introduced to the public. Suddenly, users could read a much larger number of messages "offline" than they could "online". Users also found they could call bulletin board systems that were long distance and keep up with messages without spending a fortune. Sysops liked the QWK format because it allowed them to service more users per hour per node than without it.

Support was added to several other mail readers, including Silly Little Mail Reader (SLMR) and it's successor OLX, EZ-Reader, 1stReader, and WinQuick.

== Specifications ==
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwkfoy.html The Mysterious QWK-File Format] - 1991, by Jeffery Foy
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwkmay.html QWK mail format information] - 1991, by Mark May
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwklay.html QWK Mail Packet File Layout] - v1.6, 1992, by Patrick Y. Lee
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/qwk.txt QWK Mail Packet File Layout] - v1.3, 1992, by Patrick Y. Lee
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwk1st.html The Programmer's Guide to 1stReader] - v2.0, 1995, by Mark Herring
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwke.html QWKE Specifications] - v1.02, 1997, by Peter Rocca
* [https://wiki.synchro.net/ref:qwk Synchronet QWK reference] - covers QWK, QWKE, and Synchronet extensions to QWK

== Software ==
* [http://www.nfbnet.org/download/olr.htm Off-Line Readers at National Federation of the Blind]
* [http://www.lanet.lv/simtel.net/msdos/mailnews-pre.html Simtel MS-DOS archive: E-mail and Usenet News programs]
* [http://cd.textfiles.com/simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/MAILNEWS/00_INDEX.HTM Simtel for MSDOS (September 1997): E-mail and Usenet News programs]
* [https://mirrors.archeobits.com/bbs/archives.thebbs.org/ra110c.htm Off-Line Mail Readers]
* [https://wmcbrine.com/MultiMail/ MultiMail Offline Reader] ([https://github.com/wmcbrine/MultiMail GitHub])
* [https://wmcbrine.com/sl/ Valence QWK Door for Searchlight BBS]

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/Boardwatch_Magazine_Vol_06_10_1992_Dec/page/n21/mode/2up Offline Mail - Slashing Phone Bills with Sparky Herring's QWK Mail Readers]

QWK

2026-01-01T16:23:28Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=E-Mail, newsgroups, and forums
|released=1987
|extensions={{ext|qwk}}, {{ext|rep}}, {{ext|msg}}
}}

QMail and the QWK format was created in 1987 by Mark "Sparky" Herring. The idea was to gather up all of the new messages posted on a bulletin board system and "quickly" transmit them to the user. Then the user could disconnect from the BBS and read the messages at their leisure using a QWK mail reader. If the user entered any new messages they could call the BBS back and upload their replies to the system.

Messaging volume took off as soon as QWK was introduced to the public. Suddenly, users could read a much larger number of messages "offline" than they could "online". Users also found they could call bulletin board systems that were long distance and keep up with messages without spending a fortune. Sysops liked the QWK format because it allowed them to service more users per hour per node than without it.

Support was added to several other mail readers, including Silly Little Mail Reader (SLMR) and it's successor OLX, EZ-Reader, 1stReader, and WinQuick.

== Specifications ==
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwkfoy.html The Mysterious QWK-File Format] - 1991, by Jeffery Foy
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwkmay.html QWK mail format information] - 1991, by Mark May
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwklay.html QWK Mail Packet File Layout] - v1.6, 1992, by Patrick Y. Lee
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/qwk.txt QWK Mail Packet File Layout] - v1.3, 1992, by Patrick Y. Lee
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwk1st.html The Programmer's Guide to 1stReader] - v2.0, 1995, by Mark Herring
* [https://wmcbrine.com/mmail/specs/qwke.html QWKE Specifications] - v1.02, 1997, by Peter Rocca
* [https://wiki.synchro.net/ref:qwk Synchronet QWK reference] - covers QWK, QWKE, and Synchronet extensions to QWK

== Software ==
* [http://www.nfbnet.org/download/olr.htm Off-Line Readers at National Federation of the Blind]
* [http://www.lanet.lv/simtel.net/msdos/mailnews-pre.html Simtel MS-DOS archive: E-mail and Usenet News programs]
* [http://cd.textfiles.com/simtel/stmsdos9709/disk1/DISC1/MAILNEWS/00_INDEX.HTM Simtel for MSDOS (September 1997): E-mail and Usenet News programs]
* [https://wmcbrine.com/MultiMail/ MultiMail Offline Reader] ([https://github.com/wmcbrine/MultiMail GitHub])
* [https://wmcbrine.com/sl/ Valence QWK Door for Searchlight BBS]

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/Boardwatch_Magazine_Vol_06_10_1992_Dec/page/n21/mode/2up Offline Mail - Slashing Phone Bills with Sparky Herring's QWK Mail Readers]

NAPLPS

2026-01-01T15:24:45Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|nap}}, {{ext|pdi}}, others
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/naplps}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/163}}
}}
'''NAPLPS''' (North American Presentation Level Protocol Syntax) is a system for expressing graphics in terms of character-based commands which was developed beginning in the 1970s for use in videotex / teletext systems, and was used as late as the 1990s in the [[Prodigy]] service and on some bulletin board systems. It can be used with 7-bit [[ASCII]] (characters #0-#127 decimal), but "extended" versions also exist which define meanings for 8-bit characters outside the 7-bit range (#128-#255 decimal). It uses a variety of characters with both standard ASCII meanings and specific NAPLPS meanings, as well as multi-character escape sequences, for defining various text and graphical screen layouts in a manner that is platform-independent and capable of efficient transmission (e.g., via telephone modem, or between the frames of TV broadcast signals).

== Specifications ==
* [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/NAP.txt Format description (unofficial)]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/naplps.asc Another copy of format description]

== Software ==
* [http://cd.textfiles.com/simtel/simtel20/MSDOS/NAPLPS/.index.html Simtel MS-DOS archive: NAPLPS]
* [http://annex.retroarchive.org/cdrom/kirks_comm2/DOS/NAPLPS/index.html Kirk's Comm Disc 2 - NAPLPS drawing programs & utils]
* [https://github.com/n1ckfg/Telidon Telidon - JS Based NAPLPS Decoder/Viewer]
* [http://www.ucl.co.jp/naplps/plugin-e.html UCL's Netscape Navigator 2.0 plugin]

== Sample files ==
* [http://cd.textfiles.com/simtel/simtel20/MSDOS/NAPLPS/NALPANML.ZIP NALPANML.ZIP]
* [http://cd.textfiles.com/simtel/simtel20/MSDOS/NAPLPS/NAPFNTA.ZIP NAPFNTA.ZIP]
* [http://cd.textfiles.com/simtel/simtel20/MSDOS/NAPLPS/NAPLPS.ZIP NAPLPS.ZIP] → *.NAP
* [http://www.ucl.co.jp/naplps/pics-e.html UCL sample pictures]
* {{DexvertSamples|image/naplps}}

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:NAPLPS|Wikipedia article]]
* {{EGFF|naplps|NAPLPS File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/vwapj/bs14.pdf/$FILE/bs14.pdf Television Broadcast Videotex (from Canada)]
* [http://www.transdiffusion.org/2016/01/07/teletext-time-travel Teletext Time Travel]
* [http://www.ucl.co.jp/naplps/naptech-e.html Technical Information from UCL]
* [https://archive.org/details/Boardwatch_Magazine_Vol_06_10_1992_Dec/page/n41/mode/2up NAPLPS Graphics Gains Legs, from Boardwatch Magazine]

Checksummer

2024-11-03T23:53:59Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1985
}}
'''Checksummer''' is a type-in program checker for Commodore used by the German magazines 64'er and Happy Computer.

To help readers by typewriting the program listings, at the begin of the year 1985 the little programming helpers [[MSE]] (Maschinenspracheeingabeeditor / Computer Code Editor / for Assembler-Listings) and Checksummer (Prüfsummenprogramm / to check the right BASIC-Codes) were published. In the next months the programming helpers were upgraded. Other German computer magazines published this helper-methods, too.

It produces a 000-255 checksum for each line.

Checksums V1 and V2 sum the bytes of the tokenized line including the line number as a 16-bit number, with the exception of all $20 (spaces), which are ignored. The low byte gives the checksum.

Checksummer V3 rolls each byte to the left by a certain number of bits before summing, starting with 0 bits at the first byte of the line, then each byte one bit more. Otherwise, the calculation corresponds to that of the older versions.

== Sample Output ==
[[File:Checksummer.jpg]]

== Links ==
* [https://www.c64-wiki.com/wiki/64'er Info about 64'er and Checksummer]
* [https://www.c64-wiki.de/wiki/Checksummer German C64 wiki article about Checksummer]
* [https://archive.org/details/64er_1985_01/page/72/mode/2up Checksummer] (64'er Jan 1985 pg 72)
** [https://diskmaster.textfiles.com/browse/8345/64er_Magazin_85-01_1985_Markt__Technik_de.d64 .d64/txt format] ([https://archive.org/details/64er_Magazin_85-01_1985_Markt_Technik_de backup])
* [https://archive.org/details/64er.N12.1985.03/page/68/mode/2up Checksummer 2.0] (64'er Mar 1985 pg 68)
** [https://diskmaster.textfiles.com/browse/8347/64er_Magazin_85-03_1985_Markt__Technik_de.d64 .d64/txt format] ([https://archive.org/details/64er_Magazin_85-03_1985_Markt_Technik_de backup])
* [https://archive.org/details/64er_sonderheft_1985_04/page/n5/mode/2up Checksummer 3.0] (64'er Apr 1985 pg 6)
** [https://diskmaster.textfiles.com/browse/8352/64er_Magazin_85-08_1985_Markt__Technik_de.d64 .d64/txt format] ([https://archive.org/details/64er_Magazin_85-08_1985_Markt_Technik_de backup])
* [https://codeberg.org/pgeorgi/render64prg/src/commit/71cc613001424a3131e19c5e0b48163bcc7b2256/render64prg.js#L290 Javascript implementation of algorithm]

MSE

2024-09-11T06:23:39Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1985
}}
'''MSE''' by D. Weineck and N. Mann is a type-in program checker for machine-language Commodore programs used by the German 64'er and Happy Computer magazines.

To help readers by typewriting the program listings, at the begin of the year 1985 the little programming helpers MSE (Maschinenspracheeingabeeditor / Computer Code Editor / for Assembler-Listings) and [[Checksummer]] (Prüfsummenprogramm / to check the right BASIC-Codes) were published. In the next months the programming helpers were upgraded. Other German computer magazines published this helper-methods, too.

MSE v1.0 uses straight hex digits to enter data while MSE v2.0 uses all letters in a 4-digit letter-number combination, making for a smaller listing. MSE v2.1 corrects a small bug that could cause different lines to have the same checksum. All three MSE versions are incompatible with each other.

== Sample Output ==
[[File:MSE1.jpg]] v1.0

[[File:MSE2.jpg]] v2.0

== Links ==
* [https://www.c64-wiki.de/wiki/MSE German C64 wiki article about MSE]
* [https://www.c64-wiki.com/wiki/64'er Info about 64'er and Checksummer]
* [https://csdb.dk/release/?id=194063 MSE at CSDb]
* [https://archive.org/details/64er.N12.1985.03/page/n77/mode/2up MSE] (64'er Mar 1985 pg 78)
** [https://diskmaster.textfiles.com/browse/8347/64er_Magazin_85-03_1985_Markt__Technik_de.d64 .d64/txt format] ([https://archive.org/details/64er_Magazin_85-03_1985_Markt_Technik_de backup])
* [https://archive.org/details/64er_sonderheft_1985_04/page/n7/mode/2up MSE update] (64'er Apr 1985 pg 8)
** [https://diskmaster.textfiles.com/browse/8348/64er_Magazin_85-04_1985_Markt__Technik_de.d64 .d64/txt format] ([https://archive.org/details/64er_Magazin_85-04_1985_Markt_Technik_de backup])
* [https://archive.org/details/64er_sonderheft_14/page/n157/mode/2up MSE for C16 & Plus/4] (64'er Sonderheft 14 1987 pg 159)
** [http://plus4world.powweb.com/software/MSE_C16 prg and d64 format at Plus/4 World]
* [https://archive.org/details/Happy.Computer.N49.1987.11-Cartman/Happy.Computer.N49.1987.11-Cartman_DURiAN/page/58/mode/2up MSE 1.1] (Happy Computer Nov 1987 pg 58)
* [https://archive.org/details/64er_1990_07/page/46/mode/2up MSE 2.0] (64'er Jul 1990 pg 47)
** [https://diskmaster.textfiles.com/browse/8411/64er_Magazin_90-07_1990_Markt__Technik_de_Side_A.d64 .d64 format] ([https://archive.org/details/64er_Magazin_90-07_1990_Markt_Technik_de_Side_A backup])
* [https://archive.org/details/64er_1991_05/page/n49/mode/2up MSE 2.1] (64'er May 1991 pg 51)
** [https://diskmaster.textfiles.com/browse/8421/64er_Magazin_91-05_1991_Markt__Technik_de.d64 .d64 format] ([https://archive.org/details/64er_Magazin_91-05_1991_Markt_Technik_de backup])

Error detection and correction

2024-09-09T20:29:25Z

Parchivist: /* Type-in Program Validation */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Error detection and correction
|image=Error button 2.png
}}
== Error detection only ==
* [[Adler-32]]
* [[Checksum]]
* [[CRC]] (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
** [[CRC-16]]
** [[CRC-32]]
* [[MurmurHash]]
* [[Parity bit]]
* [[xxHash]]
For cryptographic hash functions, see [[Encryption]].

== Error detection and correction ==
* [[ARJ-PROTECT data]]
* [[Hamming code]]
* [[RAR]] recovery record and .rev recovery volumes
* [[Reed-Solomon error correction]]

== Type-in Program Validation ==
* [[AccuType]] - Nibble
* [[Apple Checker]] - Nibble
* [[BASIC Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Bug-Out]] - Home Computer Magazine
* [[Bug Repellent]] - Ahoy!
* [[C:Check/D:Check/ST-Check]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Checkbin/Checksoft]] - Core and Hardcore Computist
* [[CheckIt]] - Nibble
* [[Checksummer]] - 64'er and Happy Computer
* [[Checksummer (Frank Brall)]] - Computronic and Compute Mit
* [[Commodore Dossier Checksum]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Dataspeeder]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Edytor BASICa]] - Moje Atari and Bajtek
* [[F64Summer]] - Forum64
* [[Flankspeed]] - Ahoy!
* [[Generator kodów kontrolnych]] - Tajemnice Atari
* [[Get It Right!]] - Atari User, The Micro User
* [[Hex Data Entry]] - Your Commodore
* [[Key Perfect]] - Nibble
* [[KEYO]] - Monitor (UKACOC)
* [[Korrector/Kontrolsum]] - Run (German, Danish and Hungarian editions)
* [[M/L Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Magazine Entry Program]] - Commodore Magazine
* [[MIKBUG Tape Format]] - Byte
* [[MLX]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[MSE]] - 64'er
* [[Perfect Typist]] - Run
* [[Program Checker]] - ROM Magazine
* [[Program Perfect]] - Computer Shopper
* [[Squares Input Program]] - Computronic
* [[Stop Bug]] - Papersoft
* [[SWAT (Strategic Weapon Against Typos)]] - SoftSide
* [[Syntax Checker]] - Your Commodore
* [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]] - MikroBITTI
* [[The Automatic Proofreader]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)]] - Antic, Page 6, New Atari User
* [[Unicheck]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Verifizer]] - Transactor

=== General Info about Type-In Program Checkers ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-in_program#Validation_software Wikipedia]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Learn About Checksum Programs for Checking Type-In Programs]
* [https://arstechnica.com/staff/2018/11/first-encounter-compute-magazine-and-its-glorious-tedious-type-in-code/ First encounter: COMPUTE! magazine and its glorious, tedious type-in code]

=== Lost/Apocryphal Type-in Program Checkers ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531125324/http://nibblemagazine.com/pc_han5.jpg Code Checker] - PC Hands On (probably related to one of the programs used by Nibble Magazine)
* Spectravideo, MSX, C64 and VIC versions of [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]]

== Uncategorized ==
* [[BlockHashLoc]] (.bhl)
* [[Blockyarchive/blkar]] (.ecsbx)
* [[Brik]]
* [[DVDisaster Error Correction File]] (.ecc)
* [[ICE ECC]] (.ecc)
* [[Mono]] (.mono)
* [[Parity_Volume_Set|Parity Volume Set / Parchive]] (.par, .par2, .par3, pa3, .p??)
* [[Recovery Star]]
* [[RockFAT]]
* [[rsbep]] (.shielded, .frozen.RS)
* [[RSC32]] (.RSC32, .RSE32)
* [[rscode-correction]] (.rsecc)
* [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)

== See also ==
* [[Error codes and messages]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/fixity-and-filesystems-enhanced-system-monitoring-via-inodes-2/ Fixity and Filesystems: Enhanced System Monitoring via inodes]

Get It Right!

2024-09-09T09:20:04Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1985
}}
'''Get It Right!''' by Richard Vanner and Andre Willey for Atari is a type-in program checker used by Atari User magazine.

It was ported to BBC Micro by Steve Turnbull and Archimedes by Paul Dellar for The Micro User magazine.

It outputs a table with the line number and a decimal checksum.

Get It Right! II is faster, more compatible and easier to use. It also changes the checksum to a three-digit value with both numbers and letters (but no zero, one, two, eight, letter I or Z) and includes a cumulative check digit.

The BBC Micro version uses four hex characters plus a cumulative check digit.

== Sample Output ==
[[File:Get It Right!.jpg]] Atari

[[File:Get It Right! BBC.jpg]] BBC Micro

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/atari-user-uk-magazine-08/page/n29/mode/2up Get It Right!] (Atari User Dec 1985)
* [https://archive.org/details/atari-user-uk-magazine-16/page/n31/mode/2up Get It Right! updated] (Atari User Aug 1986 pg 33)
* [http://8bs.com/othrdnld/tmu/scans/tmu052.zip Get It Right! for BBC Micro] (The Micro User Jun 1987 pg 23)
* [https://archive.org/details/atari-user-uk-magazine-31/page/n21/mode/2up Get It Right! II] (Atari User Nov 1987 pg 23)
* [https://archive.org/details/atari-user-uk-magazine-39/page/n35/mode/2up Get It Right! 2.1] (Atari User Jul 1988 pg 36)
* [http://8bs.com/othrdnld/tmu/scans/tmu096.zip Get It Right! for BBC Micro / Archimedes] (The Micro User Feb 1991 pg 56)
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/255635-your-favorite-magazine-checksum-type-in-program/ Get It Right! as .BAS and .ATR]

File:Get It Right! BBC.jpg

2024-09-09T09:18:04Z

Parchivist:

Error detection and correction

2024-09-09T08:23:26Z

Parchivist: /* Type-in Program Validation */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Error detection and correction
|image=Error button 2.png
}}
== Error detection only ==
* [[Adler-32]]
* [[Checksum]]
* [[CRC]] (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
** [[CRC-16]]
** [[CRC-32]]
* [[MurmurHash]]
* [[Parity bit]]
* [[xxHash]]
For cryptographic hash functions, see [[Encryption]].

== Error detection and correction ==
* [[ARJ-PROTECT data]]
* [[Hamming code]]
* [[RAR]] recovery record and .rev recovery volumes
* [[Reed-Solomon error correction]]

== Type-in Program Validation ==
* [[AccuType]] - Nibble
* [[Apple Checker]] - Nibble
* [[BASIC Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Bug-Out]] - Home Computer Magazine
* [[Bug Repellent]] - Ahoy!
* [[C:Check/D:Check/ST-Check]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Checkbin/Checksoft]] - Core and Hardcore Computist
* [[CheckIt]] - Nibble
* [[Checksummer]] - 64'er
* [[Checksummer (Frank Brall)]] - Computronic and Compute Mit
* [[Commodore Dossier Checksum]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Dataspeeder]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Edytor BASICa]] - Moje Atari and Bajtek
* [[F64Summer]] - Forum64
* [[Flankspeed]] - Ahoy!
* [[Generator kodów kontrolnych]] - Tajemnice Atari
* [[Get It Right!]] - Atari User, The Micro User
* [[Hex Data Entry]] - Your Commodore
* [[Key Perfect]] - Nibble
* [[KEYO]] - Monitor (UKACOC)
* [[Korrector/Kontrolsum]] - Run (German, Danish and Hungarian editions)
* [[M/L Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Magazine Entry Program]] - Commodore Magazine
* [[MIKBUG Tape Format]] - Byte
* [[MLX]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[MSE]] - 64'er
* [[Perfect Typist]] - Run
* [[Program Checker]] - ROM Magazine
* [[Program Perfect]] - Computer Shopper
* [[Squares Input Program]] - Computronic
* [[Stop Bug]] - Papersoft
* [[SWAT (Strategic Weapon Against Typos)]] - SoftSide
* [[Syntax Checker]] - Your Commodore
* [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]] - MikroBITTI
* [[The Automatic Proofreader]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)]] - Antic, Page 6, New Atari User
* [[Unicheck]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Verifizer]] - Transactor

=== General Info about Type-In Program Checkers ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-in_program#Validation_software Wikipedia]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Learn About Checksum Programs for Checking Type-In Programs]
* [https://arstechnica.com/staff/2018/11/first-encounter-compute-magazine-and-its-glorious-tedious-type-in-code/ First encounter: COMPUTE! magazine and its glorious, tedious type-in code]

=== Lost/Apocryphal Type-in Program Checkers ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531125324/http://nibblemagazine.com/pc_han5.jpg Code Checker] - PC Hands On (probably related to one of the programs used by Nibble Magazine)
* Spectravideo, MSX, C64 and VIC versions of [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]]

== Uncategorized ==
* [[BlockHashLoc]] (.bhl)
* [[Blockyarchive/blkar]] (.ecsbx)
* [[Brik]]
* [[DVDisaster Error Correction File]] (.ecc)
* [[ICE ECC]] (.ecc)
* [[Mono]] (.mono)
* [[Parity_Volume_Set|Parity Volume Set / Parchive]] (.par, .par2, .par3, pa3, .p??)
* [[Recovery Star]]
* [[RockFAT]]
* [[rsbep]] (.shielded, .frozen.RS)
* [[RSC32]] (.RSC32, .RSE32)
* [[rscode-correction]] (.rsecc)
* [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)

== See also ==
* [[Error codes and messages]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/fixity-and-filesystems-enhanced-system-monitoring-via-inodes-2/ Fixity and Filesystems: Enhanced System Monitoring via inodes]

Error detection and correction

2024-09-09T02:19:41Z

Parchivist: /* Type-in Program Validation */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Error detection and correction
|image=Error button 2.png
}}
== Error detection only ==
* [[Adler-32]]
* [[Checksum]]
* [[CRC]] (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
** [[CRC-16]]
** [[CRC-32]]
* [[MurmurHash]]
* [[Parity bit]]
* [[xxHash]]
For cryptographic hash functions, see [[Encryption]].

== Error detection and correction ==
* [[ARJ-PROTECT data]]
* [[Hamming code]]
* [[RAR]] recovery record and .rev recovery volumes
* [[Reed-Solomon error correction]]

== Type-in Program Validation ==
* [[AccuType]] - Nibble
* [[Apple Checker]] - Nibble
* [[BASIC Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Bug-Out]] - Home Computer Magazine
* [[Bug Repellent]] - Ahoy!
* [[C:Check/D:Check/ST-Check]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Checkbin/Checksoft]] - Core and Hardcore Computist
* [[CheckIt]] - Nibble
* [[Checksummer]] - 64'er
* [[Checksummer (Frank Brall)]] - Computronic and Compute Mit
* [[Commodore Dossier Checksum]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Dataspeeder]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Edytor BASICa]] - Moje Atari and Bajtek
* [[F64Summer]] - Forum64
* [[Flankspeed]] - Ahoy!
* [[Generator kodów kontrolnych]] - Tajemnice Atari
* [[Get It Right!]] - Atari User
* [[Hex Data Entry]] - Your Commodore
* [[Key Perfect]] - Nibble
* [[KEYO]] - Monitor (UKACOC)
* [[Korrector/Kontrolsum]] - Run (German, Danish and Hungarian editions)
* [[M/L Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Magazine Entry Program]] - Commodore Magazine
* [[MIKBUG Tape Format]] - Byte
* [[MLX]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[MSE]] - 64'er
* [[Perfect Typist]] - Run
* [[Program Checker]] - ROM Magazine
* [[Program Perfect]] - Computer Shopper
* [[Squares Input Program]] - Computronic
* [[Stop Bug]] - Papersoft
* [[SWAT (Strategic Weapon Against Typos)]] - SoftSide
* [[Syntax Checker]] - Your Commodore
* [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]] - MikroBITTI
* [[The Automatic Proofreader]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)]] - Antic, Page 6, New Atari User
* [[Unicheck]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Verifizer]] - Transactor

=== General Info about Type-In Program Checkers ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-in_program#Validation_software Wikipedia]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Learn About Checksum Programs for Checking Type-In Programs]
* [https://arstechnica.com/staff/2018/11/first-encounter-compute-magazine-and-its-glorious-tedious-type-in-code/ First encounter: COMPUTE! magazine and its glorious, tedious type-in code]

=== Lost/Apocryphal Type-in Program Checkers ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531125324/http://nibblemagazine.com/pc_han5.jpg Code Checker] - PC Hands On (probably related to one of the programs used by Nibble Magazine)
* Spectravideo, MSX, C64 and VIC versions of [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]]

== Uncategorized ==
* [[BlockHashLoc]] (.bhl)
* [[Blockyarchive/blkar]] (.ecsbx)
* [[Brik]]
* [[DVDisaster Error Correction File]] (.ecc)
* [[ICE ECC]] (.ecc)
* [[Mono]] (.mono)
* [[Parity_Volume_Set|Parity Volume Set / Parchive]] (.par, .par2, .par3, pa3, .p??)
* [[Recovery Star]]
* [[RockFAT]]
* [[rsbep]] (.shielded, .frozen.RS)
* [[RSC32]] (.RSC32, .RSE32)
* [[rscode-correction]] (.rsecc)
* [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)

== See also ==
* [[Error codes and messages]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/fixity-and-filesystems-enhanced-system-monitoring-via-inodes-2/ Fixity and Filesystems: Enhanced System Monitoring via inodes]

Bug-Out

2024-09-09T02:10:26Z

Parchivist: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |subcat=Error detection and correction |released=1985 }} '''Bug-Out''' is a type-in program checker for Apple II, Atari, Commodore 64, IBM PC, and TI-99/4A used b..."

File:Bug-Out.jpg

2024-09-09T02:09:48Z

Parchivist:

Error detection and correction

2024-09-09T02:09:05Z

Parchivist: /* Type-in Program Validation */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Error detection and correction
|image=Error button 2.png
}}
== Error detection only ==
* [[Adler-32]]
* [[Checksum]]
* [[CRC]] (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
** [[CRC-16]]
** [[CRC-32]]
* [[MurmurHash]]
* [[Parity bit]]
* [[xxHash]]
For cryptographic hash functions, see [[Encryption]].

== Error detection and correction ==
* [[ARJ-PROTECT data]]
* [[Hamming code]]
* [[RAR]] recovery record and .rev recovery volumes
* [[Reed-Solomon error correction]]

== Type-in Program Validation ==
* [[AccuType]] - Nibble
* [[Apple Checker]] - Nibble
* [[BASIC Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Bug-Out]] - Home Computer Magazine
* [[Bug Repellent]] - Ahoy!
* [[C:Check/D:Check/ST-Check]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Checkbin/Checksoft]] - Core and Hardcore Computist
* [[CheckIt]] - Nibble
* [[Checksummer]] - 64'er
* [[Checksummer (Frank Brall)]] - Computronic and Compute Mit
* [[Commodore Dossier Checksum]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Dataspeeder]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Edytor BASICa]] - Moje Atari and Bajtek
* [[F64Summer]] - Forum64
* [[Flankspeed]] - Ahoy!
* [[Generator kodów kontrolnych]] - Tajemnice Atari
* [[Get It Right!]] - Atari User
* [[Hex Data Entry]] - Your Commodore
* [[Key Perfect]] - Nibble
* [[KEYO]] - Monitor (UKACOC)
* [[Korrector/Kontrolsum]] - Run (German, Danish and Hungarian editions)
* [[M/L Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Magazine Entry Program]] - Commodore Magazine
* [[MIKBUG Tape Format]] - Byte
* [[MLX]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[MSE]] - 64'er
* [[Perfect Typist]] - Run
* [[Program Checker]] - ROM Magazine
* [[Program Perfect]] - Computer Shopper
* [[Squares Input Program]] - Computronic
* [[Stop Bug]] - Papersoft
* [[SWAT (Strategic Weapon Against Typos)]] - SoftSide
* [[Syntax Checker]] - Your Commodore
* [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]] - MikroBITTI
* [[The Automatic Proofreader]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)]] - Antic and Page 6
* [[Unicheck]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Verifizer]] - Transactor

=== General Info about Type-In Program Checkers ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-in_program#Validation_software Wikipedia]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Learn About Checksum Programs for Checking Type-In Programs]
* [https://arstechnica.com/staff/2018/11/first-encounter-compute-magazine-and-its-glorious-tedious-type-in-code/ First encounter: COMPUTE! magazine and its glorious, tedious type-in code]

=== Lost/Apocryphal Type-in Program Checkers ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531125324/http://nibblemagazine.com/pc_han5.jpg Code Checker] - PC Hands On (probably related to one of the programs used by Nibble Magazine)
* Spectravideo, MSX, C64 and VIC versions of [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]]

== Uncategorized ==
* [[BlockHashLoc]] (.bhl)
* [[Blockyarchive/blkar]] (.ecsbx)
* [[Brik]]
* [[DVDisaster Error Correction File]] (.ecc)
* [[ICE ECC]] (.ecc)
* [[Mono]] (.mono)
* [[Parity_Volume_Set|Parity Volume Set / Parchive]] (.par, .par2, .par3, pa3, .p??)
* [[Recovery Star]]
* [[RockFAT]]
* [[rsbep]] (.shielded, .frozen.RS)
* [[RSC32]] (.RSC32, .RSE32)
* [[rscode-correction]] (.rsecc)
* [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)

== See also ==
* [[Error codes and messages]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/fixity-and-filesystems-enhanced-system-monitoring-via-inodes-2/ Fixity and Filesystems: Enhanced System Monitoring via inodes]

Get It Right!

2024-09-09T02:08:15Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1985
}}
'''Get It Right!''' by Richard Vanner and Andre Willey for Atari is a type-in program checker used by Atari User magazine.

It outputs a table with the line number and a decimal checksum

Get It Right! II is faster, more compatible and easier to use. It also changes the checksum to a three-digit value with both numbers and letters (but no zero, one, two, eight, letter I or Z) and includes a cumulative check digit.

== Sample Output ==
[[File:Get It Right!.jpg]]

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/atari-user-uk-magazine-08/page/n29/mode/2up Get It Right!] (Atari User Dec 1985)
* [https://archive.org/details/atari-user-uk-magazine-16/page/n31/mode/2up Get It Right! updated] (Atari User Aug 1986 pg 33)
* [https://archive.org/details/atari-user-uk-magazine-31/page/n21/mode/2up Get It Right! II] (Atari User Nov 1987 pg 23)
* [https://archive.org/details/atari-user-uk-magazine-39/page/n35/mode/2up Get It Right! 2.1] (Atari User Jul 1988 pg 36)
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/255635-your-favorite-magazine-checksum-type-in-program/ Get It Right as .BAS and .ATR]

TYPO (Type Your Program Once)

2024-09-08T17:47:30Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1982
}}
'''TYPO (Type Your Program Once)''' by Bill Wilkerson for Atari BASIC is a type-in program validator used by Antic magazine.

TYPO II pinpoints every mistyped line immediately after you type it and catches transposition errors.

TURBO TYPO II by David McLaughlin is a faster version

TYPO III by Alec Benson was released in June 1985 and generates the same codes as TYPO II and TURBO TYPO II but is even faster.

Versions of TYPO were also published and used by Page 6. ANALOG Computing also used a two-letter checksum code for their type-in programs they offered and was interoperable with Antic's TYPO II.

[[Generator kodów kontrolnych]] and [[Edytor BASICa]] are Polish programs compatible with TYPO II. [[KEYO]] is another compatible program.

== Sample Output ==
[[File:TYPO III.gif]]

== Links ==
* [https://www.atarimagazines.com/v1n3/typo.html TYPO] (Antic Aug 1982)
* [https://www.atarimagazines.com/v3n9/TYPOII.html TYPO II] (Antic Jan 1985)
* [https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n2/TurboTypoII.html TURBO TYPO II] (Antic Jun 1985)
* [https://archive.org/details/Page_6_Issue_35_1988-12_ABACUS_GB/page/n7/mode/2up?view=theater TYPO III] (Page 6 Issue 35 pg 9)
* [https://atariprojects.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/MLX.zip ATR file with TYPO and TYPO II] ([https://archive.org/details/MLXTYPO mirror])
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/255635-your-favorite-magazine-checksum-type-in-program/ ATR file with TYPO III and TURBO TYPO II]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Article about TYPO]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antic_(magazine)#TYPO Wikipedia section on TYPO]

KEYO

2024-09-08T17:46:54Z

Parchivist: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |subcat=Error detection and correction |released=1985 }} '''KEYO''' by Eddie Taw is a type-in program checker for Atari used by Monitor magazine. It uses a two-..."

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1985
}}
'''KEYO''' by Eddie Taw is a type-in program checker for Atari used by Monitor magazine.

It uses a two-character code compatible with [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)|TYPO II]] but requires you to enter the checksum and saves your work as you type.

== Links ==
* [https://issuu.com/prixon/docs/ukacoc_monitor_issue_9 KEYO] (Monitor Issue 9 pg 16) ([https://www.atarimania.com/mags/pdf/Monitor_No_09.pdf Downloadable pdf])

Error detection and correction

2024-09-08T17:45:48Z

Parchivist: /* Type-in Program Validation */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Error detection and correction
|image=Error button 2.png
}}
== Error detection only ==
* [[Adler-32]]
* [[Checksum]]
* [[CRC]] (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
** [[CRC-16]]
** [[CRC-32]]
* [[MurmurHash]]
* [[Parity bit]]
* [[xxHash]]
For cryptographic hash functions, see [[Encryption]].

== Error detection and correction ==
* [[ARJ-PROTECT data]]
* [[Hamming code]]
* [[RAR]] recovery record and .rev recovery volumes
* [[Reed-Solomon error correction]]

== Type-in Program Validation ==
* [[AccuType]] - Nibble
* [[Apple Checker]] - Nibble
* [[BASIC Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Bug Repellent]] - Ahoy!
* [[C:Check/D:Check/ST-Check]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Checkbin/Checksoft]] - Core and Hardcore Computist
* [[CheckIt]] - Nibble
* [[Checksummer]] - 64'er
* [[Checksummer (Frank Brall)]] - Computronic and Compute Mit
* [[Commodore Dossier Checksum]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Dataspeeder]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Edytor BASICa]] - Moje Atari and Bajtek
* [[F64Summer]] - Forum64
* [[Flankspeed]] - Ahoy!
* [[Generator kodów kontrolnych]] - Tajemnice Atari
* [[Get It Right!]] - Atari User
* [[Hex Data Entry]] - Your Commodore
* [[Key Perfect]] - Nibble
* [[KEYO]] - Monitor (UKACOC)
* [[Korrector/Kontrolsum]] - Run (German, Danish and Hungarian editions)
* [[M/L Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Magazine Entry Program]] - Commodore Magazine
* [[MIKBUG Tape Format]] - Byte
* [[MLX]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[MSE]] - 64'er
* [[Perfect Typist]] - Run
* [[Program Checker]] - ROM Magazine
* [[Program Perfect]] - Computer Shopper
* [[Squares Input Program]] - Computronic
* [[Stop Bug]] - Papersoft
* [[SWAT (Strategic Weapon Against Typos)]] - SoftSide
* [[Syntax Checker]] - Your Commodore
* [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]] - MikroBITTI
* [[The Automatic Proofreader]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)]] - Antic and Page 6
* [[Unicheck]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Verifizer]] - Transactor

=== General Info about Type-In Program Checkers ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-in_program#Validation_software Wikipedia]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Learn About Checksum Programs for Checking Type-In Programs]
* [https://arstechnica.com/staff/2018/11/first-encounter-compute-magazine-and-its-glorious-tedious-type-in-code/ First encounter: COMPUTE! magazine and its glorious, tedious type-in code]

=== Lost/Apocryphal Type-in Program Checkers ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531125324/http://nibblemagazine.com/pc_han5.jpg Code Checker] - PC Hands On (probably related to one of the programs used by Nibble Magazine)
* Spectravideo, MSX, C64 and VIC versions of [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]]

== Uncategorized ==
* [[BlockHashLoc]] (.bhl)
* [[Blockyarchive/blkar]] (.ecsbx)
* [[Brik]]
* [[DVDisaster Error Correction File]] (.ecc)
* [[ICE ECC]] (.ecc)
* [[Mono]] (.mono)
* [[Parity_Volume_Set|Parity Volume Set / Parchive]] (.par, .par2, .par3, pa3, .p??)
* [[Recovery Star]]
* [[RockFAT]]
* [[rsbep]] (.shielded, .frozen.RS)
* [[RSC32]] (.RSC32, .RSE32)
* [[rscode-correction]] (.rsecc)
* [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)

== See also ==
* [[Error codes and messages]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/fixity-and-filesystems-enhanced-system-monitoring-via-inodes-2/ Fixity and Filesystems: Enhanced System Monitoring via inodes]

Key Perfect

2024-09-08T16:20:14Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=<1981
}}
'''Key Perfect''' by Ken McCandless of MicroSparc is a Type-in Program Validator for Apple II used by Nibble Magazine till 1988.

It generates a checksum code for every 10 lines of Applesoft and every 50 bytes of machine language.

== Sample Output ==
[[File:Key Perfect 4.0.jpg]]

== Version History ==
* Version 1 - Used by Nibble Vol 3 #1 through Vol 3 #3
* Version 2 - supports Version 1 and Version 2
* Version 4 - 1982
* Version 5 - 1985, supports Version 4 and Version 5

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/nibbleexpress0000unse/page/4/mode/2up How To Use Key Perfect 4.0] (Nibble Express Volume III page 4)
* [https://archive.org/details/a2_Key_Perfect_v2.0_19xx_Key_Mccandless_cr_Mr._Electron Key Perfect v2.0 (.do format)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160324030807/http://nibblemagazine.com/KeyPerfect2.0.dsk Key Perfect v2.0 (.dsk format)]
* [https://archive.org/details/a2_Key_Perfect_v5.0_1985_Microsparc Key Perfect v5.0 (.do format)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060517061321/http://www.nibblemagazine.com/keyperf50.dsk Key Perfect v5.0 (.dsk format)] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20060517061037/https://www.nibblemagazine.com/nibble_disks.htm source])
* [https://archive.org/details/computist-scan-45/page/n9/mode/2up|Help getting Key Perfect 5.0 to run] (Computist 45 page 8)

TYPO (Type Your Program Once)

2024-09-08T16:11:52Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1982
}}
'''TYPO (Type Your Program Once)''' by Bill Wilkerson for Atari BASIC is a type-in program validator used by Antic magazine.

TYPO II pinpoints every mistyped line immediately after you type it and catches transposition errors.

TURBO TYPO II by David McLaughlin is a faster version

TYPO III by Alec Benson was released in June 1985 and generates the same codes as TYPO II and TURBO TYPO II but is even faster.

Versions of TYPO were also published and used by Page 6. ANALOG Computing also used a two-letter checksum code for their type-in programs they offered and was interoperable with Antic's TYPO II.

[[Generator kodów kontrolnych]] and [[Edytor BASICa]] are Polish programs compatible with TYPO II.

== Sample Output ==
[[File:TYPO III.gif]]

== Links ==
* [https://www.atarimagazines.com/v1n3/typo.html TYPO] (Antic Aug 1982)
* [https://www.atarimagazines.com/v3n9/TYPOII.html TYPO II] (Antic Jan 1985)
* [https://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n2/TurboTypoII.html TURBO TYPO II] (Antic Jun 1985)
* [https://archive.org/details/Page_6_Issue_35_1988-12_ABACUS_GB/page/n7/mode/2up?view=theater TYPO III] (Page 6 Issue 35 pg 9)
* [https://atariprojects.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/MLX.zip ATR file with TYPO and TYPO II] ([https://archive.org/details/MLXTYPO mirror])
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/255635-your-favorite-magazine-checksum-type-in-program/ ATR file with TYPO III and TURBO TYPO II]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Article about TYPO]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antic_(magazine)#TYPO Wikipedia section on TYPO]

Generator kodów kontrolnych

2024-09-08T16:10:36Z

Parchivist: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |subcat=Error detection and correction |released=1991 }} '''Generator kodów kontrolnych''' ((Generator of Control Codes) is a type-in program checker for Atari u..."

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1991
}}
'''Generator kodów kontrolnych''' ((Generator of Control Codes) is a type-in program checker for Atari used by the Polish magazine Tajemnice Atari.

It is compatible with [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)|TYPO II]] but written in assembler.

== Links ==
* [http://tajemnice.atari8.info/2_91/2_91.html Generator kodów kontrolnych]
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/121020-what-proofreaders-were-created-for-the-atari/?do=findComment&comment=1462404 Info on program]

Error detection and correction

2024-09-08T16:09:42Z

Parchivist: /* Type-in Program Validation */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Error detection and correction
|image=Error button 2.png
}}
== Error detection only ==
* [[Adler-32]]
* [[Checksum]]
* [[CRC]] (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
** [[CRC-16]]
** [[CRC-32]]
* [[MurmurHash]]
* [[Parity bit]]
* [[xxHash]]
For cryptographic hash functions, see [[Encryption]].

== Error detection and correction ==
* [[ARJ-PROTECT data]]
* [[Hamming code]]
* [[RAR]] recovery record and .rev recovery volumes
* [[Reed-Solomon error correction]]

== Type-in Program Validation ==
* [[AccuType]] - Nibble
* [[Apple Checker]] - Nibble
* [[BASIC Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Bug Repellent]] - Ahoy!
* [[C:Check/D:Check/ST-Check]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Checkbin/Checksoft]] - Core and Hardcore Computist
* [[CheckIt]] - Nibble
* [[Checksummer]] - 64'er
* [[Checksummer (Frank Brall)]] - Computronic and Compute Mit
* [[Commodore Dossier Checksum]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Dataspeeder]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Edytor BASICa]] - Moje Atari and Bajtek
* [[F64Summer]] - Forum64
* [[Flankspeed]] - Ahoy!
* [[Generator kodów kontrolnych]] - Tajemnice Atari
* [[Get It Right!]] - Atari User
* [[Hex Data Entry]] - Your Commodore
* [[Key Perfect]] - Nibble
* [[Korrector/Kontrolsum]] - Run (German, Danish and Hungarian editions)
* [[M/L Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Magazine Entry Program]] - Commodore Magazine
* [[MIKBUG Tape Format]] - Byte
* [[MLX]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[MSE]] - 64'er
* [[Perfect Typist]] - Run
* [[Program Checker]] - ROM Magazine
* [[Program Perfect]] - Computer Shopper
* [[Squares Input Program]] - Computronic
* [[Stop Bug]] - Papersoft
* [[SWAT (Strategic Weapon Against Typos)]] - SoftSide
* [[Syntax Checker]] - Your Commodore
* [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]] - MikroBITTI
* [[The Automatic Proofreader]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)]] - Antic and Page 6
* [[Unicheck]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Verifizer]] - Transactor

=== General Info about Type-In Program Checkers ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-in_program#Validation_software Wikipedia]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Learn About Checksum Programs for Checking Type-In Programs]
* [https://arstechnica.com/staff/2018/11/first-encounter-compute-magazine-and-its-glorious-tedious-type-in-code/ First encounter: COMPUTE! magazine and its glorious, tedious type-in code]

=== Lost/Apocryphal Type-in Program Checkers ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531125324/http://nibblemagazine.com/pc_han5.jpg Code Checker] - PC Hands On (probably related to one of the programs used by Nibble Magazine)
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/255635-your-favorite-magazine-checksum-type-in-program/ KEYO] - UK Monitor
* Spectravideo, MSX, C64 and VIC versions of [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]]

== Uncategorized ==
* [[BlockHashLoc]] (.bhl)
* [[Blockyarchive/blkar]] (.ecsbx)
* [[Brik]]
* [[DVDisaster Error Correction File]] (.ecc)
* [[ICE ECC]] (.ecc)
* [[Mono]] (.mono)
* [[Parity_Volume_Set|Parity Volume Set / Parchive]] (.par, .par2, .par3, pa3, .p??)
* [[Recovery Star]]
* [[RockFAT]]
* [[rsbep]] (.shielded, .frozen.RS)
* [[RSC32]] (.RSC32, .RSE32)
* [[rscode-correction]] (.rsecc)
* [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)

== See also ==
* [[Error codes and messages]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/fixity-and-filesystems-enhanced-system-monitoring-via-inodes-2/ Fixity and Filesystems: Enhanced System Monitoring via inodes]

Edytor BASICa

2024-09-08T15:52:40Z

Parchivist:

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1987
}}
'''Edytor BASICa''' is a type-in program checker for Atari used by the Polish magazines Moje Atari and Bajtek.

It is basically a translated [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)|TYPO II]] clone with the same two-character checksums.

== Links ==
* [https://gitlab.com/amarok8bit/atari-listings/-/blob/master/README.md Edytor BASIC-a 1.0]
* [https://archive.org/details/moje-atari-1/page/2/mode/2up Edytor BASICa 1.1] (Moje Atari Oct 1990 pg 3)
* [https://archive.org/details/moje-atari-5/page/4/mode/2up Instructions for typing special characters] (Moje Atari May 1991 pg 5)
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/121020-what-proofreaders-were-created-for-the-atari/?do=findComment&comment=1462404 Relationship between Edytor BASICa and TYPO II]

Edytor BASICa

2024-09-08T15:51:31Z

Parchivist: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |subcat=Error detection and correction |released=1987 }} '''Edytor BASICa''' is a type-in program checker for Atari used by the Polish magazines Moje Atari and Ba..."

Error detection and correction

2024-09-08T15:48:48Z

Parchivist: /* Type-in Program Validation */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Error detection and correction
|image=Error button 2.png
}}
== Error detection only ==
* [[Adler-32]]
* [[Checksum]]
* [[CRC]] (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
** [[CRC-16]]
** [[CRC-32]]
* [[MurmurHash]]
* [[Parity bit]]
* [[xxHash]]
For cryptographic hash functions, see [[Encryption]].

== Error detection and correction ==
* [[ARJ-PROTECT data]]
* [[Hamming code]]
* [[RAR]] recovery record and .rev recovery volumes
* [[Reed-Solomon error correction]]

== Type-in Program Validation ==
* [[AccuType]] - Nibble
* [[Apple Checker]] - Nibble
* [[BASIC Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Bug Repellent]] - Ahoy!
* [[C:Check/D:Check/ST-Check]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Checkbin/Checksoft]] - Core and Hardcore Computist
* [[CheckIt]] - Nibble
* [[Checksummer]] - 64'er
* [[Checksummer (Frank Brall)]] - Computronic and Compute Mit
* [[Commodore Dossier Checksum]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Dataspeeder]] - Commodore Dossier
* [[Edytor BASICa]] - Moje Atari and Bajtek
* [[F64Summer]] - Forum64
* [[Flankspeed]] - Ahoy!
* [[Get It Right!]] - Atari User
* [[Hex Data Entry]] - Your Commodore
* [[Key Perfect]] - Nibble
* [[Korrector/Kontrolsum]] - Run (German, Danish and Hungarian editions)
* [[M/L Editor]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Magazine Entry Program]] - Commodore Magazine
* [[MIKBUG Tape Format]] - Byte
* [[MLX]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[MSE]] - 64'er
* [[Perfect Typist]] - Run
* [[Program Checker]] - ROM Magazine
* [[Program Perfect]] - Computer Shopper
* [[Squares Input Program]] - Computronic
* [[Stop Bug]] - Papersoft
* [[SWAT (Strategic Weapon Against Typos)]] - SoftSide
* [[Syntax Checker]] - Your Commodore
* [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]] - MikroBITTI
* [[The Automatic Proofreader]] - COMPUTE! and COMPUTE!'s Gazette
* [[TYPO (Type Your Program Once)]] - Antic and Page 6
* [[Unicheck]] - ANALOG Computing
* [[Verifizer]] - Transactor

=== General Info about Type-In Program Checkers ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-in_program#Validation_software Wikipedia]
* [https://atariprojects.org/2020/07/25/learn-about-checksum-programs-for-checking-type-in-programs-15-30-mins/ Learn About Checksum Programs for Checking Type-In Programs]
* [https://arstechnica.com/staff/2018/11/first-encounter-compute-magazine-and-its-glorious-tedious-type-in-code/ First encounter: COMPUTE! magazine and its glorious, tedious type-in code]

=== Lost/Apocryphal Type-in Program Checkers ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531125324/http://nibblemagazine.com/pc_han5.jpg Code Checker] - PC Hands On (probably related to one of the programs used by Nibble Magazine)
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/255635-your-favorite-magazine-checksum-type-in-program/ KEYO] - UK Monitor
* Spectravideo, MSX, C64 and VIC versions of [[Tarkastaja (Inspector)]]

== Uncategorized ==
* [[BlockHashLoc]] (.bhl)
* [[Blockyarchive/blkar]] (.ecsbx)
* [[Brik]]
* [[DVDisaster Error Correction File]] (.ecc)
* [[ICE ECC]] (.ecc)
* [[Mono]] (.mono)
* [[Parity_Volume_Set|Parity Volume Set / Parchive]] (.par, .par2, .par3, pa3, .p??)
* [[Recovery Star]]
* [[RockFAT]]
* [[rsbep]] (.shielded, .frozen.RS)
* [[RSC32]] (.RSC32, .RSE32)
* [[rscode-correction]] (.rsecc)
* [[SeqBox]] (.sbx)

== See also ==
* [[Error codes and messages]]

== Links ==
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/fixity-and-filesystems-enhanced-system-monitoring-via-inodes-2/ Fixity and Filesystems: Enhanced System Monitoring via inodes]

Program Perfect

2024-09-08T13:32:54Z

Parchivist: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |subcat=Error detection and correction |released=1984 }} '''Program Perfect''' by Jeff Brenner is a type-in program checker for Atari used by Computer Shopper. I..."

{{FormatInfo
|subcat=Error detection and correction
|released=1984
}}
'''Program Perfect''' by Jeff Brenner is a type-in program checker for Atari used by Computer Shopper.

It uses a three-letter code for each line. The third character is used to determine the next program line number for the automatic line numbering feature. Since line numbers usually step by 10 (10, 20, 30, etc.), this third character is most often a 'J' (the tenth character of the alphabet). Additionally, the Program Perfect code of the last line of a program ends in a 'Z'.

== Sample Output ==
[[File:Program Perfect.jpg]]

== Links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/ComputerShopperApril85Vol5No4AtariArticles/page/n1/mode/2up Program Perfect] (Computer Shopper Apr 1985 pg 56)
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/289813-computer-shopper-magazine/?do=findComment&comment=4258201 Program Perfect 4 pdf]
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/289813-computer-shopper-magazine/?do=findComment&comment=4259205 Program Perfect 4 txt] (corrections later in thread)
* [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/289813-computer-shopper-magazine/page/2/ Program Perfect 4 .atr]
* [https://ksquiggle.neocities.org/columns/ata Applying the Atari columns about Program Perfect]