Just Solve the File Format Problem - User contributions [en]

XLSB

2020-11-27T00:15:15Z

JesseW: add ForensicsWiki entry link (no useful details to add)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Document
|subcat2=Spreadsheet
|extensions={{ext|xlsb}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/595}}
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q66759528}}
|released=2007
}}
'''XLSB''' (Excel Binary) is one of the formats that [[Microsoft Excel|Excel]] spreadsheets can be saved under. It was introduced at the same time as the more common [[XLSX]] format which replaced the older [[XLS]]. XLS was a pure binary format, while XLSX is [[XML]]-based and its files are actually [[ZIP]] archives containing a number of sub-files related to the spreadsheet. XLSB is similar, in that it is actually a ZIP file (even though the extension is not .zip), but the main files within the ZIP are binary files with a .bin extension. There are also some other files within the ZIP including images and even some XML files, but the main content is in the binary files.

== Format information ==
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/office_file_formats/ms-xlsb/acc8aa92-1f02-4167-99f5-84f9f676b95a?redirectedfrom=MSDN <nowiki>[MS-XLSB]</nowiki>: Excel (.xlsb) Binary File Format]
* [http://www.arstdesign.com/articles/office2007bin.html Office 2007 .bin file format]
* [http://www.arstdesign.com/BBS/BulletinBoard.php?qs_id=1355 Cracking the Office 2007 .bin file format]

== Sample files ==
* [http://www.spreadsheet1.com/2048-game-version-for-excel.html 2048 Game for Excel] is distributed in this format.

== Other links ==
* [http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dmahugh/archive/2006/08/22/712835.aspx New binary format for spreadsheets]
* [http://blogs.msdn.com/b/davbosch/archive/2006/08/29/730183.aspx Excel 2007 Binary File Format (.xlsb) as a timesaver]
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000512.shtml Library of Congress Sustainability of Digital Formats XLSB description]
* [https://forensicswiki.xyz/wiki/index.php?title=Excel_Spreadsheet_(XLSB) ForensicsWiki entry] (minimal info)

[[Category:ZIP based file formats]]
[[Category:Microsoft]]

XLS

2020-11-27T00:13:15Z

JesseW: add ForensicsWiki entry link

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Document
|subcat2=Spreadsheet
|extensions={{ext|xls}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/vnd.ms-excel}}
}}
[[XLS]] is a family of spreadsheet formats native to [[Microsoft Excel]].

==Microsoft Office EXCEL 97-2007==

The Excel Binary File Format (.xls) Structure is the binary file format used by Microsoft Excel 97, 2000, 2002, and Office Excel 2003. It is also supported by Microsoft Office Excel 2007.

Later Excel versions use [[XLSX]] as their native format, though they still support the older format as well.

==Handling of date values==
Excel stores date values as floating point numbers that represent the number of days since a given start date. According to [http://datapub.cdlib.org/2014/04/10/abandon-all-hope-ye-who-enter-dates-in-excel/ this piece], the default start dates are different for Excel for Windows (which uses January 1, 1900 and) Excel for Mac (which uses January 1, 1904). On top of this, the 1900 date system also erroneously assumes that 1900 was a leap year. This assumption was introduced on purpose in order to ensure compatibility with a bug in Lotus 1-2-3. In practice this may lead to dates that are off by 4 years and 1 day, depending on the software that is used to read/process the files.

== Software ==
* [http://libxls.sourceforge.net/ libxls] - Library for reading XLS
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/xlslib/ xlsLib] - Library for writing XLS
* [http://www.lexicon.net/sjmachin/xlrd.html The xlrd Module, a Python module for extracting data from MS Excel spreadsheet files] - contains detailed information about Excel's date handling

== Sample files ==
* [http://labs.nationalarchives.gov.uk/wordpress/index.php/2014/01/datasets/ National Archives (UK) datasets (includes some XLS files)]

==References==
* [http://download.microsoft.com/download/5/0/1/501ED102-E53F-4CE0-AA6B-B0F93629DDC6/Office/Excel97-2007BinaryFileFormat(xls)Specification.pdf Binary file format specification *.xls (97-2007) format]
* [http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2008/02/19.html Why are the Microsoft Office file formats so complicated? (And some workarounds)]
* [http://www.advisorone.com/2013/04/16/oops-reinhart-rogoff-research-tripped-up-by-typo?t=theory-strategy Typo in Excel spreadsheet apparently led to erroneous result in economic paper that was influential on government policy]
* [https://uc3.cdlib.org/2014/04/09/abandon-all-hope-ye-who-enter-dates-in-excel/ Abandon all hope, ye who enter dates in Excel]
* [http://support.microsoft.com/kb/180162 XL: The 1900 Date System vs. the 1904 Date System]
* [http://decalage.info/file_formats_security/office MS Office 97-2003 legacy/binary formats security] - article with lots of resources on MS Office formats, including analysis techniques, tools and parsing libraries

== External links ==
* [https://forensicswiki.xyz/wiki/index.php?title=Excel_Spreadsheet_(XLS) ForensicsWiki entry] (need to copy over whatever relevant details are available)

[[Category:Microsoft]]
[[Category:Microsoft Compound File]]

Sources

2020-11-19T01:49:58Z

JesseW:

__NOTOC__
If you're looking for places to pull either file format information, or to verify stuff you've found, or to go that extra mile to track down variations, here's some similar endeavors and items.

==List of Places Keeping Track of Formats==

* [https://forensicswiki.xyz/wiki/index.php?title=Category:File_Formats Forensics Wiki]
* http://archivematica.org/preservation
* http://www.fileformat.info/
* http://www.ace.net.nz/tech/TechFileFormat.html
* http://wotsit.org/ - their download page is broken. need to ping webmaster about that.
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats_%28alphabetical%29
** Also [[wikipedia:Template:Infobox file format]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&limit=500&target=Template%3AInfobox+file+format&namespace=0 pages using this template])
* http://unarchiver.c3.cx/formats
* [[PRONOM|The PRONOM format registry]]
* http://wiki.multimedia.cx/
* http://archive.org/download/file-format-encyclopedia/fileformat.zip/
* http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/descriptions.shtml
* http://www.udfr.org/, see also http://gdfr.info/.
* http://gitorious.org/re-lab Tools & specs from re-lab- graphics formats, and office formats
* http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/documents/AudioFormats/index.html - Documentation, details, specs, and samples for a handful of audio formats
* http://wiki.xentax.com/index.php/Game_File_Format_Central This wiki is the home of the most game (archive) file format knowledge in the world.
* http://rewiki.regengedanken.de has some more game related reverse engineering
* http://mark0.net/soft-trid-e.html Home to TrID, which can identify a vast number of file formats using an updateable database
* http://mark0.net/soft-trid-deflist.html Online searchable version of the TrID database file
* http://file-extension.net/seeker/ Metasearch engine for file extensions - Find info about unknown file extensions or filetypes
* http://www.vgmpf.com/Wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page - the Videogame Music Preservation Foundation Wiki has information on a number of formats used to play back videogame music
* http://hackipedia.org/File%20formats/ - loads of info on various formats here
* http://wiki.mobileread.com/wiki/E-book_formats - detailed information on eBook formats.
* http://mediapedia.nla.gov.au/ - "The Mediapedia resource is intended to enable the identification of various physical media carrier types for assisting with collection planning, assessment, documentation, infrastructure and preservation planning for the content they hold. These could include media across various genres such as cine, video, photo, audio, data, paper carriers, microfilm, etc."
* http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/TR/Formats - Small list of formats with detailed descriptions of some known access/preservation problems.
* [http://registry.dcc.ac.uk:8080/RegistryWeb/Registry/ CASPAR/DCC Representation Information Repository]
* [http://theswo.sourceforge.net/ The Software Ontology]
* [http://keep-totem.co.uk/ KEEP Totem] also covers software, hardware etc.
* [http://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php/Main_Page Dead Media Archives]
* [http://www.fid3.com/file-formats The >4000 formats known to FI Tools], [http://www.fid3.com/formats-ext1 by extension], [http://www.fid3.com/formats-mime by MIME type]
* [http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/mimetypes.py#l402 Python sourcecode for mimetypes module]
* /etc/mimetypes on *nix systems defines a number of file formats and [[MIME types]]
* http://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/key-digital-principles - Recommended Audio formats by Audiovisual Archives and Institutions
* http://www.gpsbabel.org/capabilities.html - List of formats used by GPS devices
* http://www.microsoft.com/openspecifications/en/us/programs/osp/office-file-formats/default.aspx Microsoft's Open Document Specifications
* http://mamedev.org/source/src/lib/formats/index.html http://mamedev.org/source/src/mess/formats/index.html - format handlers for disk images, cassette images, and memory snapshots/quickloads in the MESS source code
* http://minidisc.org alot of minidisc related info
* http://cool.conservation-us.org/ Conservation Online
* http://filext.com/ File Extensions with MIME types
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats_(alphabetical) Wikipedia list of file formats (alphabetical)
* http://ist.uwaterloo.ca/~schepers/formats.html The C64 file formats list
* http://3dbrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats Nintendo 3DS file formats
* http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html IANA MIME Media Types - lots of useful info here and often quite detailed as well
* http://gitorious.org/msoscheme msoscheme is a project that creates a machine readable description of the binary file formats of Microsoft Office
* http://www.schnarff.com/file-formats/ File Formats documentation collection
* http://the-fr.org/ The Format Registry
* http://www.freebase.com/computer/file_format?instances= Freebase instances in category "File Format"
* https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/src/default/hachoir-parser/hachoir_parser/ Hachoir file format parsers
* https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/wiki/FileFormatResources Hachoir list of file format resources
* https://theiphonewiki.com/wiki/Category:File_Formats iPhone related file formats
* https://www.synalysis.net/formats.xml Synalize It file format grammars
* [http://www.binwalk.org Binwalk] — can recognise and extract data in many formats embeddded inside firmware images
* http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/fonts/X-Window-System-fonts.html - Good info about the Fonts on Windows X system
* http://www.online-convert.com/file-type
* https://melog.info/archives/2004/09/30223144.html - PC98 disk image formats (Japanese)
* http://lclevy.free.fr/amiga/formats.html - Amiga file formats
* http://hitmen.c02.at/files/yagcd/yagcd/ - contains Nintendo GameCube file formats
* https://wiibrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats - files related to the Nintendo Wii
* http://wiki.tockdom.com/wiki/Category:File_Format - file formats related to the Mario Kart games
* https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/File_Formats_Recovered_By_PhotoRec - File Format Signatures used in data recovery
* [[Atari Forum Wiki]]
* http://www.undocprint.org/ - Information on printing-related formats, languages, and protocols

==Emulation==

* http://nonmess.retrogames.com/ - Emulator listing for various computer formats, including MESS and single-machine emulators.
* [http://emuframework.sourceforge.net/ The Emulation Framework] is software developed by the international KEEP project, co-funded by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme.

==Books==

* [http://www.amazon.com/Compressed-Image-File-Formats-JPEG/dp/0201604434/ Compressed Image File Formats: JPEG, PNG, GIF, XBM, BMP] by John Miano (1999)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Graphics-File-Formats-Reference/dp/1565921615/ Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats] by James D. Murray and William VanRyper (1994, 1996) '''Copy Acquired!''' Refer to the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats|main article]].
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-David-Kay/dp/0070340250/ Graphics File Formats] by David C. Kay and John R. Levine (1994)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Reference-Guide/dp/0133034054/ Graphics File Formats: Reference and Guide] by C. Wayne Brown, Barry J. Shepherd (1994)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Formats-Popular-Personal-Computer-Software/dp/0471836710/ File Formats for Popular Personal Computer Software: A Programmer's Reference (Self-teaching Guides)] by Jeff Walden (1986) '''Copy Acquired!'''
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Internet-Guide-Users/dp/0871114410 File Formats on the Internet: A Guide for PC Users] by Allison B. Zhang (1996) '''Copy Acquired!'''
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Programmers-Reference/dp/0201488353/ 3D Graphics File Formats: A Programmer's Reference] by Keith Rule (1996)
* [http://www.amazon.com/More-File-Formats-Popular-Software/dp/0471850772/ More File Formats for Popular PC Software: A Programmer's Reference] by Jeff Walden (1987) '''Copy Acquired!'''
* [http://www.amazon.com/Lotus-File-Formats-1-2-3-Symphony/dp/0201168243/ Lotus File Formats for 1-2-3 Symphony & Jazz: File Structure Descriptions for Developers] from Lotus, Inc. (1986)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Inside-Windows-File-Formats-Swan/dp/0672303388/ Inside Windows File Formats] by Tom Swan (Nov 1993)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Internet-File-Formats-Complete-Receiving/dp/188357756X/ Internet File Formats: Your Complete Resource for Sending, Receiving, and Using Internet Files] by Tim Kientzle (Oct 15, 1995)
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Popular-PC-Software/dp/0471528064/ File Formats for Popular PC Software] by Jeff Walden (Nov 1992)
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Conversions-Book-Developers/dp/155755059X/ PC File Formats and Conversions/Book and Disk (Developers Series)] by Ralf Kussmann (Mar 1990)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Windows-Undocumented-Formats-Working-Inside/dp/0879304375/ Windows Undocumented File Formats; Working Inside 16- and 32- bit Windows] by Pete Davis (Jan 23, 1997)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Complete-Reference/dp/0070375321/ Graphics File Formats: The Complete Reference] by John R. Levine and David C. Kay (May 1992)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Using-Pcx-Graphics-Files-Programmers/dp/0879304324/ Using Pcx Graphics Files: The Programmer's Definitive Guide to Pcx File Formats] by Roger T. Stevens (Apr 1, 1996)
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Handbook-Gunter-Born/dp/1850321175/ The File Formats Handbook] by Gunter Born (Sep 1995)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Window-System-Formats-Application-Conventions/dp/1872630154/ X Window System File Formats and Application Conventions (X11R4)] by The Open Group (Jul 17, 1991)
* [http://www.iasa-web.org/audio-preservation-tc04 Guidelines on the Production and Preservation of Digital Audio Objects] by IASA (2009)

==Other Useful Materials and Services==

* http://www.nsrl.nist.gov/ National Software Reference Library (see also http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/05/life-saving-the-national-software-reference-library/)
* http://www.openplanetsfoundation.org/software/fido Format Identification for Digital Objects
* https://github.com/usnationalarchives/File-Analyzer File Analyzer
* https://sk1project.net/modules.php?name=Products&product=uniconvertor UniConvertor is a universal vector graphics translator. It is a command line tool which uses sK1 object model to convert one format to another
* http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/
* http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/SPR/Digital+Preservation+Tools Wiki list of digital preservation tool lists
* http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/REQ/Digital+Preservation+and+Data+Curation+Requirements+and+Solutions Digital Preservation and Data Curation Requirements and Solutions. Not classified by formats, but by datasets, issues and solutions.
* http://fileformats.wordpress.com/ - The File Formats Blog
* http://www.archive.org/details/cdbbsarchive - The Internet Archive has over 1,500 CD-ROMs loaded with shareware, and with that comes converters, documentation and other vital works related to file formats.
* [http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/SPR/Crowd+sourced+Representation+Information+for+Supporting+Preservation+(cRIsp) Crowd sourced Representation Information for Supporting Preservation (cRIsp)]
* [http://www.nsrl.nist.gov/ National Software Reference Library]
* [http://mediatypes.appspot.com/ Linked Data URIs for MIME Types]
* http://darwinsys.com/file/ UNIX file(1) format guessing utility
* http://www.filesignatures.net/ Online database of file signatures (magic numbers)
* http://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html List of file signatures (magic numbers)
* [http://paulbourke.net/dataformats/ Data Formats from Paul Bourke] Useful information on older formats. Categories include Geometric (e.g., 3-D), Audio, and Image.
* [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/ Graphics File Formats page from Martin Reddy] Useful information on older formats. Categories are: 2-D and 3-D, with supplementary resources.
* [http://samples.multimedia.cx/ LibAV Sample Files collection, over 50GB]
* http://www.corel.com/content/pdf/wpx4/corel-wordperfect-office-X4-reviewers-guide.pdf Corel WordPerfect Office Reviewers Guide, Appendix A gives useful overview of old Office formats + their typical file extensions.
* http://documentation.statsoft.com/STATISTICAHelp.aspx?path=common/CommonMenus/CompatibleDocumentTypes Some info on formats of / compatible with Statsoft Statistica
* http://web-beta.archive.org/web/20100210224635/http://medlem.spray.se/converters Loads of DOS / Windows conversion programs - this appears to be the most recent grab held by the Internet Archive
* https://github.com/kreativekorp/ksfl Project to read/write various container formats
* http://www.kreativekorp.com/swdownload/wildfire/HC%20FILE%20FORMAT%202010.TXT Description of the [[HyperCard stack]] file format
* [http://mediaarchaeologylab.com/ Media Archeology Lab]
* [https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_dec Bitsavers document library of DEC manuals]
* [http://www.documentliberation.org/ Document Liberation Project]
* [http://qanda.digipres.org/80/unusual-sources-of-file-format-signatures Unusual sources of file format signatures]
* [http://www.deadmedia.org/ The Dead Media Project]
* [http://archives.govt.nz/advice/guidance-and-standards/guidance-subject/digital-recordkeeping/advice-file-formats-creation-di Advice on File Formats for the Creation of Digital Records] (Archives New Zealand)
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/papers-and-presentations/an-introduction-to-using-the-command-line-interface-to-work-with-files-and-directories/ An introduction to using the command line interface to work with files and directories]
* [http://www.digipres.org/ DigiPres Commons Community-owned digital preservation resources]
* [http://www.digipres.org/tools/ POWRR Tool Grid]
* [http://ec2-52-37-126-112.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com/falstaff/ Falstaff: online file identification utility]
* [http://access.bitcurator.net/index.php?title=Main_Page BitCurator access tools]
* [http://www.documentliberation.org/projects/ Document Liberation Project projects]
* [https://mediaarea.net/ollistd Open LossLess in STanDards] ([https://github.com/mediaarea/ollistd GitHub])
* http://www.manmrk.net/tutorials/compress/index.htm A large collection of 1990s compression software

[[Category:Sources| ]]

Sources

2020-11-19T01:48:24Z

JesseW: /* List of Places Keeping Track of Formats */ update link to Forensics Wiki

__NOTOC__
If you're looking for places to pull either file format information, or to verify stuff you've found, or to go that extra mile to track down variations, here's some similar endeavors and items.

==List of Places Keeping Track of Formats==

* [http://www.forensicswiki.xyz/wiki/Category:File_Formats Forensics Wiki]
* http://archivematica.org/preservation
* http://www.fileformat.info/
* http://www.ace.net.nz/tech/TechFileFormat.html
* http://wotsit.org/ - their download page is broken. need to ping webmaster about that.
* Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats_%28alphabetical%29
** Also [[wikipedia:Template:Infobox file format]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&limit=500&target=Template%3AInfobox+file+format&namespace=0 pages using this template])
* http://unarchiver.c3.cx/formats
* [[PRONOM|The PRONOM format registry]]
* http://wiki.multimedia.cx/
* http://archive.org/download/file-format-encyclopedia/fileformat.zip/
* http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/descriptions.shtml
* http://www.udfr.org/, see also http://gdfr.info/.
* http://gitorious.org/re-lab Tools & specs from re-lab- graphics formats, and office formats
* http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/documents/AudioFormats/index.html - Documentation, details, specs, and samples for a handful of audio formats
* http://wiki.xentax.com/index.php/Game_File_Format_Central This wiki is the home of the most game (archive) file format knowledge in the world.
* http://rewiki.regengedanken.de has some more game related reverse engineering
* http://mark0.net/soft-trid-e.html Home to TrID, which can identify a vast number of file formats using an updateable database
* http://mark0.net/soft-trid-deflist.html Online searchable version of the TrID database file
* http://file-extension.net/seeker/ Metasearch engine for file extensions - Find info about unknown file extensions or filetypes
* http://www.vgmpf.com/Wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page - the Videogame Music Preservation Foundation Wiki has information on a number of formats used to play back videogame music
* http://hackipedia.org/File%20formats/ - loads of info on various formats here
* http://wiki.mobileread.com/wiki/E-book_formats - detailed information on eBook formats.
* http://mediapedia.nla.gov.au/ - "The Mediapedia resource is intended to enable the identification of various physical media carrier types for assisting with collection planning, assessment, documentation, infrastructure and preservation planning for the content they hold. These could include media across various genres such as cine, video, photo, audio, data, paper carriers, microfilm, etc."
* http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/TR/Formats - Small list of formats with detailed descriptions of some known access/preservation problems.
* [http://registry.dcc.ac.uk:8080/RegistryWeb/Registry/ CASPAR/DCC Representation Information Repository]
* [http://theswo.sourceforge.net/ The Software Ontology]
* [http://keep-totem.co.uk/ KEEP Totem] also covers software, hardware etc.
* [http://cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php/Main_Page Dead Media Archives]
* [http://www.fid3.com/file-formats The >4000 formats known to FI Tools], [http://www.fid3.com/formats-ext1 by extension], [http://www.fid3.com/formats-mime by MIME type]
* [http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/mimetypes.py#l402 Python sourcecode for mimetypes module]
* /etc/mimetypes on *nix systems defines a number of file formats and [[MIME types]]
* http://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/key-digital-principles - Recommended Audio formats by Audiovisual Archives and Institutions
* http://www.gpsbabel.org/capabilities.html - List of formats used by GPS devices
* http://www.microsoft.com/openspecifications/en/us/programs/osp/office-file-formats/default.aspx Microsoft's Open Document Specifications
* http://mamedev.org/source/src/lib/formats/index.html http://mamedev.org/source/src/mess/formats/index.html - format handlers for disk images, cassette images, and memory snapshots/quickloads in the MESS source code
* http://minidisc.org alot of minidisc related info
* http://cool.conservation-us.org/ Conservation Online
* http://filext.com/ File Extensions with MIME types
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats_(alphabetical) Wikipedia list of file formats (alphabetical)
* http://ist.uwaterloo.ca/~schepers/formats.html The C64 file formats list
* http://3dbrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats Nintendo 3DS file formats
* http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html IANA MIME Media Types - lots of useful info here and often quite detailed as well
* http://gitorious.org/msoscheme msoscheme is a project that creates a machine readable description of the binary file formats of Microsoft Office
* http://www.schnarff.com/file-formats/ File Formats documentation collection
* http://the-fr.org/ The Format Registry
* http://www.freebase.com/computer/file_format?instances= Freebase instances in category "File Format"
* https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/src/default/hachoir-parser/hachoir_parser/ Hachoir file format parsers
* https://bitbucket.org/haypo/hachoir/wiki/FileFormatResources Hachoir list of file format resources
* https://theiphonewiki.com/wiki/Category:File_Formats iPhone related file formats
* https://www.synalysis.net/formats.xml Synalize It file format grammars
* [http://www.binwalk.org Binwalk] — can recognise and extract data in many formats embeddded inside firmware images
* http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/fonts/X-Window-System-fonts.html - Good info about the Fonts on Windows X system
* http://www.online-convert.com/file-type
* https://melog.info/archives/2004/09/30223144.html - PC98 disk image formats (Japanese)
* http://lclevy.free.fr/amiga/formats.html - Amiga file formats
* http://hitmen.c02.at/files/yagcd/yagcd/ - contains Nintendo GameCube file formats
* https://wiibrew.org/wiki/Category:File_formats - files related to the Nintendo Wii
* http://wiki.tockdom.com/wiki/Category:File_Format - file formats related to the Mario Kart games
* https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/File_Formats_Recovered_By_PhotoRec - File Format Signatures used in data recovery
* [[Atari Forum Wiki]]
* http://www.undocprint.org/ - Information on printing-related formats, languages, and protocols

==Emulation==

* http://nonmess.retrogames.com/ - Emulator listing for various computer formats, including MESS and single-machine emulators.
* [http://emuframework.sourceforge.net/ The Emulation Framework] is software developed by the international KEEP project, co-funded by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme.

==Books==

* [http://www.amazon.com/Compressed-Image-File-Formats-JPEG/dp/0201604434/ Compressed Image File Formats: JPEG, PNG, GIF, XBM, BMP] by John Miano (1999)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Graphics-File-Formats-Reference/dp/1565921615/ Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats] by James D. Murray and William VanRyper (1994, 1996) '''Copy Acquired!''' Refer to the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats|main article]].
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-David-Kay/dp/0070340250/ Graphics File Formats] by David C. Kay and John R. Levine (1994)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Reference-Guide/dp/0133034054/ Graphics File Formats: Reference and Guide] by C. Wayne Brown, Barry J. Shepherd (1994)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Formats-Popular-Personal-Computer-Software/dp/0471836710/ File Formats for Popular Personal Computer Software: A Programmer's Reference (Self-teaching Guides)] by Jeff Walden (1986) '''Copy Acquired!'''
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Internet-Guide-Users/dp/0871114410 File Formats on the Internet: A Guide for PC Users] by Allison B. Zhang (1996) '''Copy Acquired!'''
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Programmers-Reference/dp/0201488353/ 3D Graphics File Formats: A Programmer's Reference] by Keith Rule (1996)
* [http://www.amazon.com/More-File-Formats-Popular-Software/dp/0471850772/ More File Formats for Popular PC Software: A Programmer's Reference] by Jeff Walden (1987) '''Copy Acquired!'''
* [http://www.amazon.com/Lotus-File-Formats-1-2-3-Symphony/dp/0201168243/ Lotus File Formats for 1-2-3 Symphony & Jazz: File Structure Descriptions for Developers] from Lotus, Inc. (1986)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Inside-Windows-File-Formats-Swan/dp/0672303388/ Inside Windows File Formats] by Tom Swan (Nov 1993)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Internet-File-Formats-Complete-Receiving/dp/188357756X/ Internet File Formats: Your Complete Resource for Sending, Receiving, and Using Internet Files] by Tim Kientzle (Oct 15, 1995)
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Popular-PC-Software/dp/0471528064/ File Formats for Popular PC Software] by Jeff Walden (Nov 1992)
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Conversions-Book-Developers/dp/155755059X/ PC File Formats and Conversions/Book and Disk (Developers Series)] by Ralf Kussmann (Mar 1990)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Windows-Undocumented-Formats-Working-Inside/dp/0879304375/ Windows Undocumented File Formats; Working Inside 16- and 32- bit Windows] by Pete Davis (Jan 23, 1997)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-File-Formats-Complete-Reference/dp/0070375321/ Graphics File Formats: The Complete Reference] by John R. Levine and David C. Kay (May 1992)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Using-Pcx-Graphics-Files-Programmers/dp/0879304324/ Using Pcx Graphics Files: The Programmer's Definitive Guide to Pcx File Formats] by Roger T. Stevens (Apr 1, 1996)
* [http://www.amazon.com/File-Formats-Handbook-Gunter-Born/dp/1850321175/ The File Formats Handbook] by Gunter Born (Sep 1995)
* [http://www.amazon.com/Window-System-Formats-Application-Conventions/dp/1872630154/ X Window System File Formats and Application Conventions (X11R4)] by The Open Group (Jul 17, 1991)
* [http://www.iasa-web.org/audio-preservation-tc04 Guidelines on the Production and Preservation of Digital Audio Objects] by IASA (2009)

==Other Useful Materials and Services==

* http://www.nsrl.nist.gov/ National Software Reference Library (see also http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/05/life-saving-the-national-software-reference-library/)
* http://www.openplanetsfoundation.org/software/fido Format Identification for Digital Objects
* https://github.com/usnationalarchives/File-Analyzer File Analyzer
* https://sk1project.net/modules.php?name=Products&product=uniconvertor UniConvertor is a universal vector graphics translator. It is a command line tool which uses sK1 object model to convert one format to another
* http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/
* http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/SPR/Digital+Preservation+Tools Wiki list of digital preservation tool lists
* http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/REQ/Digital+Preservation+and+Data+Curation+Requirements+and+Solutions Digital Preservation and Data Curation Requirements and Solutions. Not classified by formats, but by datasets, issues and solutions.
* http://fileformats.wordpress.com/ - The File Formats Blog
* http://www.archive.org/details/cdbbsarchive - The Internet Archive has over 1,500 CD-ROMs loaded with shareware, and with that comes converters, documentation and other vital works related to file formats.
* [http://wiki.opf-labs.org/display/SPR/Crowd+sourced+Representation+Information+for+Supporting+Preservation+(cRIsp) Crowd sourced Representation Information for Supporting Preservation (cRIsp)]
* [http://www.nsrl.nist.gov/ National Software Reference Library]
* [http://mediatypes.appspot.com/ Linked Data URIs for MIME Types]
* http://darwinsys.com/file/ UNIX file(1) format guessing utility
* http://www.filesignatures.net/ Online database of file signatures (magic numbers)
* http://www.garykessler.net/library/file_sigs.html List of file signatures (magic numbers)
* [http://paulbourke.net/dataformats/ Data Formats from Paul Bourke] Useful information on older formats. Categories include Geometric (e.g., 3-D), Audio, and Image.
* [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/ Graphics File Formats page from Martin Reddy] Useful information on older formats. Categories are: 2-D and 3-D, with supplementary resources.
* [http://samples.multimedia.cx/ LibAV Sample Files collection, over 50GB]
* http://www.corel.com/content/pdf/wpx4/corel-wordperfect-office-X4-reviewers-guide.pdf Corel WordPerfect Office Reviewers Guide, Appendix A gives useful overview of old Office formats + their typical file extensions.
* http://documentation.statsoft.com/STATISTICAHelp.aspx?path=common/CommonMenus/CompatibleDocumentTypes Some info on formats of / compatible with Statsoft Statistica
* http://web-beta.archive.org/web/20100210224635/http://medlem.spray.se/converters Loads of DOS / Windows conversion programs - this appears to be the most recent grab held by the Internet Archive
* https://github.com/kreativekorp/ksfl Project to read/write various container formats
* http://www.kreativekorp.com/swdownload/wildfire/HC%20FILE%20FORMAT%202010.TXT Description of the [[HyperCard stack]] file format
* [http://mediaarchaeologylab.com/ Media Archeology Lab]
* [https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_dec Bitsavers document library of DEC manuals]
* [http://www.documentliberation.org/ Document Liberation Project]
* [http://qanda.digipres.org/80/unusual-sources-of-file-format-signatures Unusual sources of file format signatures]
* [http://www.deadmedia.org/ The Dead Media Project]
* [http://archives.govt.nz/advice/guidance-and-standards/guidance-subject/digital-recordkeeping/advice-file-formats-creation-di Advice on File Formats for the Creation of Digital Records] (Archives New Zealand)
* [http://www.avpreserve.com/papers-and-presentations/an-introduction-to-using-the-command-line-interface-to-work-with-files-and-directories/ An introduction to using the command line interface to work with files and directories]
* [http://www.digipres.org/ DigiPres Commons Community-owned digital preservation resources]
* [http://www.digipres.org/tools/ POWRR Tool Grid]
* [http://ec2-52-37-126-112.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com/falstaff/ Falstaff: online file identification utility]
* [http://access.bitcurator.net/index.php?title=Main_Page BitCurator access tools]
* [http://www.documentliberation.org/projects/ Document Liberation Project projects]
* [https://mediaarea.net/ollistd Open LossLess in STanDards] ([https://github.com/mediaarea/ollistd GitHub])
* http://www.manmrk.net/tutorials/compress/index.htm A large collection of 1990s compression software

[[Category:Sources| ]]

Encapsulated PostScript

2020-11-08T00:56:36Z

JesseW: add ForensicsWiki entry link (all details already included)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|eps}}, {{ext|epsf}}, {{ext|epsi}}, {{ext|epi}}, {{ext|ept}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/122}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/123}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/124}}
}}
[[Encapsulated PostScript]] ('''EPS''') is a format based on [[PostScript]], designed to be more like an image format than a page description language.

== Formats ==
An EPS file may contain a "preview" version of the image, intended to be used, for example, by document editors when displaying the image on the screen. This has a surprisingly large effect on the format. The varieties of EPS are best categorized based on the type of preview image.

Also, be aware that some image viewers may display only the preview image, instead of the full-quality main image.

=== No preview ===
We'll call an EPS file with no preview image a "plain EPS" file, to distinguish it from the other EPS varieties.

Plain EPS is a subformat of PostScript. It is a plain text file.

=== EPSI ===
'''EPSI''' (Encapsulated PostScript Interchange) is the same as plain EPS, except that it has a preview image inside it. The preview uses a simple raster image format. EPSI format can be identified by the presence of a line beginning with "<code>%%BeginPreview</code>".

=== PICT preview ===
This variety is only relevant to the Macintosh platform. It contains a [[PICT]] file in the [[Resource Fork]], and a plain EPS file in the data fork.

=== TIFF/WMF preview ===
This is a wrapper format containing an embedded [[TIFF]] or [[Windows Metafile|WMF]] file, and an embedded plain EPS file. It is sometimes called '''DOS EPS Binary'''. It begins with a 30-byte or a 32-byte binary header. In most cases then the EPS text comes and finally the preview image. For the variant with the TIFF preview image sometimes the file extension <code>ept</code> is used.

== Identification ==
Files with a TIFF or WMF preview image begin with signature bytes <code>C5 D0 D3 C6</code>.

All other EPS formats begin with ASCII text "<code>%!PS-Adobe-x.x EPSF-x.x</code>" (where each <code>x</code> is a single digit).

== Specifications ==
* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/ps/5002.EPSF_Spec.pdf Encapsulated PostScript Version 3.0]

== Software ==
* [http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/ Ghostscript]: A free PostScript interpreter
* [http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/ Ghostview and GSview]: Viewers based on Ghostscript
* [[ImageMagick]] (requires Ghostscript)
* [[XnView]] (requires Ghostscript)
* [http://epsviewer.org/ EPS Viewer]
* CorelDRAW

== Sample files ==
* http://aminet.net/pix/eps
* http://cd.textfiles.com/dtpfmwaves/
* https://example-files.online-convert.com/vector%20image/eps/example.eps
* http://file.fyicenter.com/b/sample.eps
* https://telparia.com/fileFormatSamples/image/eps/

== References ==
* ''Die PostScript- Acrobat-Bibel'' by Thomas Merz, 1996, ISBN 3-9804943-0-6
* [http://www.file-extensions.org/ept-file-extension Information about '.ept' on File-Extensions.org]

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Encapsulated PostScript|Wikipedia article]]
* {{EGFF|eps|Encapsulated PostScript File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the_eps_awakens.html FireEye blog post about vulnerability in Microsoft's EPS implementation in 2015] (and [https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html part 2])
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190427230251/http://forensicswiki.org/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript_(EPS) ForensicsWiki entry] (all information already copied over)

[[Category:Adobe]]
[[Category:TIFF]]

Internet e-mail message format

2020-11-01T16:21:23Z

JesseW: add ForensicsWiki entry link (some details still to add)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=E-Mail, newsgroups, and forums
|extensions={{ext|eml}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|message/rfc822}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/278}}
||locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000393}}, {{LoCFDD|fdd000388}}
|released=1977
}}
'''Electronic mail''' (e-mail or email) has been in use on the Internet (and its predecessor, the Arpanet) since the 1970s. A series of RFC documents has specified its standard transmission format. The best-known (and the one which lent its name to the official MIME type for a single message of this format) is RFC 822, but this superseded the earlier RFC 733 and was in turn later superseded by RFC 2822 and RFC 5322.

Collections of multiple messages of this type, such as mailboxes stored for the use of mail programs or list digests and archives, are stored in a number of formats including [[mbox]].

== Identifiers ==
* MIME type (Internet media type): '''message/rfc822'''
* The extension '''.eml''' is sometimes used for files containing individual messages in this format, but this is not universal; other extensions, or no extension at all, can also be used.

== Sample files ==
* [https://www.dan.info/sampledata/CHAIN.TXT Copy of e-mail "chain letter" as saved directly off a university mainframe in 1984 and transferred to an IBM PC (Ctrl-Z at end was probably added by PC-DOS)]: shows some examples of archaic formatting and addressing of that era

== References ==
* RFC 733
* RFC 822
* RFC 2822
* RFC 5322
* [https://mailformat.dan.info/ Dan's Mail Format Site]

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190911115721/http://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/EML ForensicsWiki entry] (some detail still to migrate over, including a list of programs)

DEB

2020-11-01T16:18:15Z

JesseW: Created page with "'''DEB''' can refer to the following: *deb -- Debian packaging format *Digital Evidence Bag -- combination of files providing verified storage of digital evidence"

'''DEB''' can refer to the following:

*[[deb]] -- Debian packaging format
*[[Digital Evidence Bag]] -- combination of files providing verified storage of digital evidence

CUE and BIN

2020-11-01T16:11:09Z

JesseW: add ForensicsWiki entry link (no useful details to add) (and another link I found)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Disk Image Formats
|extensions={{ext|cue}}, {{ext|bin}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/1069}}
}}
'''CUE and BIN''' is a method of representing the contents of a [[CD]] or [[DVD]] (especially an audio CD) by using a "cue sheet" file in plain text listing the tracks, accompanying a binary (BIN) file with the actual data, sometimes in a disk-image format that captures the raw data of the disk, but sometimes in an audio format such as [[MP3]].

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Cue sheet (computing)|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://wiki.hydrogenaudio.org/index.php?title=Cue_sheet Hydrogen Audio article]
* [http://digitalx.org/cue-sheet/syntax/ Cue sheet syntax]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190911115527/http://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/CUE_Sheet_format ForensicsWiki entry] (minimal info)

== Specifications ==

* [http://web.archive.org/web/20070221154246/http://www.goldenhawk.com/download/cdrwin.pdf#G18.998200 Cuesheet Commands] - Annex A of the CDRWIN User's Guide (de facto specification of CUE format)
* https://github.com/libyal/libodraw/blob/master/documentation/CUE%20sheet%20format.asciidoc

[[Category:Audio and Music]]
[[Category:Metadata]]
[[Category:Multi-file formats]]

CUE & BIN

2020-11-01T16:07:16Z

JesseW: Redirected page to CUE and BIN

#REDIRECT [[CUE and BIN]]

BIN

2020-11-01T16:06:39Z

JesseW: Redirected page to CUE and BIN

#REDIRECT [[CUE and BIN]]

CUE

2020-11-01T16:05:54Z

JesseW: Redirected page to CUE and BIN

#REDIRECT [[CUE and BIN]]

Cpio

2020-11-01T15:23:31Z

JesseW: add ForensicsWiki entry link (no useful details to add)

{{FormatInfo
|name=cpio
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|cpio}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/x-cpio}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/635}}
}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:cpio}}

'''cpio''' is a non-compressed file archive format for [[Unix]]-style systems. It was originally intended for tape archiving, similar to the [[Tape Archive]] (tar) format.

== Examples ==
To extract files, using the command line utility:
$ cpio -idmv -I example.cpio

To list files:
$ cpio -it -I example.cpio

== Identification ==
A cpio archive begins with one of the following signatures:
* <code>0x71 0xC7</code>
* <code>0xC7 0x71</code>
* <code>'0' '7' '0' '7'</code>

Be aware that there are [[afio]] extensions to cpio format that are not supported by most cpio utilities. For one thing, if most of the filenames end in ".z", it's probably a compressed afio archive.

== Specifications ==
* [http://people.freebsd.org/~kientzle/libarchive/man/cpio.5.txt cpio format man page]

== Software ==
* [http://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/cpio.html GNU cpio]
* [http://www.libarchive.org libarchive / bsdcpio]
* [http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/cpio.htm cpio for Windows]
* [[7-Zip]]
* [[afio]]
* [[Konvertor]]
* {{Deark}}

== Sample files ==
* http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/tar-1.27.cpio.gz

== Other links ==
* [[Wikipedia:cpio|Wikipedia article]]
* [http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cpio cpio utility man page]
* [http://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/manual/index.html GNU cpio manual]
* [http://rightsock.com/~kjw/Ramblings/tar_v_cpio.html tar vs. cpio]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190809160054/http://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/Cpio ForensicsWiki entry] (no useful detail)

Web browser files

2020-10-28T16:18:47Z

JesseW: /* Caches and History files */

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Web
|thiscat=Web browser files
}}

Web browsers save a number of files, including bookmarks (or favorites) of web pages you want to revisit, configuration settings, temporary caches, and cookies stored by the browser when sent from sites you visit. Some of these are kept as permanent settings, while others are temporary and go away eventually.

== Bookmarks ==

* [[AOL Personal Filing Cabinet]] (includes bookmarks/favorites as well as email)
* [[Chrome bookmarks]]
* [[Firefox bookmarks]]
* [[Internet Explorer favorites]]
* [[Lynx bookmarks]]
* [[Mosaic hotlists]]
* [[Netscape bookmarks]]
* [[Safari bookmarks]]

== Caches and History files ==

* [[Firefox history file]]
* [[HistoryIndex.sk]]
* [[History.db]]
* [[History.plist]]
* [[Internet Explorer history file]]
* [[Chrome disk cache]]

== Configuration files ==

== Cookies ==
* [[Firefox cookie database]]
* [[libwww-perl cookie_jar]]

== Plug-ins and add-ons ==

== Save and archive files ==
* [[Konqueror web archive]]
* [[Webarchive (Safari)]]

== Links ==
* [https://panopticlick.eff.org/ How unique and trackable is your browser?]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4zpL4VBbuU&feature=youtu.be Chrome for Android remote debugging (video)]
* [https://github.com/lclevy/firepwd/blob/master/mozilla_pbe.pdf Mozilla Password Based Encryption]

Chrome disk cache

2020-10-28T16:18:25Z

JesseW: stub pointing at ForensicsWiki which has more details

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Web
|subcat2=Web browser files
}}
Google Chrome's on-disk cache uses a custom format.

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190907003459/http://forensicswiki.org/wiki/Chrome_Disk_Cache_Format ForensicsWiki entry] (lots of detail, should be imported here)

Cabinet

2020-10-28T16:12:25Z

JesseW: add ForensicsWiki entry link (all details already included)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|cab}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/414}}
|released=1995
}}
:''"CAB" redirects here. For another CAB format, see [[InstallShield CAB]].''

'''Cabinet''' ('''CAB''') is a compressed archive format created by Microsoft and used in various installers. Among its several compression formats is [[LZX]], a format co-created by Jonathan Forbes, who was hired by Microsoft after co-creating the format in an independent archiver, and contributed it to Microsoft for use in their products.

The [[PUZ]] format used by [[Microsoft Publisher]] for its "Pack and Go" feature is a Cabinet file with a '''.puz''' extension, containing the Publisher document and its external links.

The [[Windows Installer]] (.msi) format is more-or-less the successor to this format.

== Identification ==
Files begin with the ASCII signature "{{magic|MSCF}}".

== Software ==
* [[Konvertor]]
* [https://www.cabextract.org.uk/libmspack/ libmspack] and [https://www.cabextract.org.uk/ cabextract]
* [[7-Zip]] can decode at least some CAB files

== Sample files ==
* http://libxad.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/libxad/testfiles/CAB/

== Links ==
* [https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb417343.aspx Official documentation at Microsoft developer site]
* [[Wikipedia:Cabinet (file format)|Wikipedia article]]
* [https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1019811 Discussion of CAB file size limits]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190427230133/http://forensicswiki.org/wiki/Cabinet_Archive_Format_(CAB) ForensicsWiki entry] (minimal details, already included here)

[[Category:Microsoft]]
[[Category:Windows]]

BHL

2020-10-28T16:03:09Z

JesseW: Redirected page to BlockHashLoc

#REDIRECT [[BlockHashLoc]]

BlockHashLoc

2020-10-28T16:02:12Z

JesseW: add ForensicsWiki entry link (all details already included)

{{FormatInfo
| extensions = {{ext|bhl}}
| released = 2017
| caption = BHL - BlockHashLoc
| endianness = Big_endian
| developed by = Marco Pontello
| reference impl = https://github.com/MarcoPon/BlockHashLoc
| error resiliance = {{SHA-2}}
| subcat = Archiving
}}
The purpose of [[BlockHashLoc]] ('''BHL''') is to enable the recovery of files after total loss of File System structure, or without even knowing what FS was used in the first place.

The way it can recover a given file is by keeping a (small) parallel BHL file with a list of crypto-hashes of all the blocks (of selectable size) that compose it. So it's then possible to read blocks from a disk image/volume, calculate their hashes, compare them with the saved ones and rebuild the original file.

With adequately sized blocks (512 bytes, 4KB, etc. depending on the media and File System), this let one recover a file regardless of the FS used, or the FS integrity, or the fragmentation level.

== Identification ==

A BHL files start with bytes {{magic|42 6C 6F 63 6B 48 61 73 68 4C 6F 63 1A}}, or "{{magic|BlockHashLoc}}"+EOF in [[ASCII]].

== Format description ==

* [https://github.com/MarcoPon/BlockHashLoc BlockHashLoc] GitHub repository

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190911115527/http://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/BlockHashLoc ForensicsWiki entry]

User talk:Dan Tobias

2020-10-28T16:02:06Z

JesseW: /* BlockHashLoc from ForensicsWiki */

== CSS ==

We need to figure out how to deal with disambiguation pages. It is obvious that [[CSS]] can be either [[Cascading Style Sheets]] or [[Content Scramble System]], and I don't think this particular wiki should give preference to one known value over another if the abbreviation can be expanded to an unambiguous name. That's why I linked to [[CSS]] on the [[DVD]] page, rather than linking directly to [[Content Scramble System]]. Unless we plan to sort this out immediately, it might be best to leave that link in place, so that we don't lose track of it. Thoughts? [[User:Gphemsley|Gphemsley]] ([[User talk:Gphemsley|talk]]) 02:05, 29 November 2012 (UTC)
:Perhaps the current CSS article should be moved to Cascading Style Sheets, and a Content Scramble System article created, with [[CSS]] as a disambig article linking to both. But in that case, any specific links to a particular kind of CSS should link directly to the proper one of the articles, not the disambig one. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 02:18, 29 November 2012 (UTC)
:: Done. And created [[Template:Disambiguation]] to keep track of disambiguation pages. [[User:Gphemsley|Gphemsley]] ([[User talk:Gphemsley|talk]]) 16:00, 29 November 2012 (UTC)

== Interwiki links ==

Just a heads-up: You can link to Wikipedia (and a select number of other wikis) using the regular wikilinking syntax by using the relevant wikiprefix. For example: [[Wikipedia:User:GPHemsley]] or [[Wikipedia:Archive Team]]. That way you can differentiate more intimate links to Wikipedia from truly external links to other websites. [[User:Gphemsley|GPHemsley]] ([[User talk:Gphemsley|talk]]) 17:48, 17 December 2012 (UTC)

:Given this site's founder's opinions of Wikipedia, I'm not sure he'd like to get "more intimate" with it, but I'll keep that in mind anyway. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 23:07, 17 December 2012 (UTC)

Re: Wikipedia - I had a paid writing gig last year and in the guidlines there was a strict prohibition from using or citing Wikipedia.
They had good reasons for that... [[User:Cipher|Cipher]] ([[User talk:Cipher|talk]])
:It's still a useful reference if you take it with a big grain of salt. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 01:51, 26 January 2013 (UTC)
::If you take Wikipedia with a big grain of salt, then you must take every other wiki (including this one) with a whole salt mine. [[User:Gphemsley|GPHemsley]] ([[User talk:Gphemsley|talk]]) 15:07, 26 January 2013 (UTC)

== Sidebar ==

Another wikitip: You can change the links in the sidebar by editing [[MediaWiki:Sidebar]] (admins only). You might choose to remove "Current events" and "Help" and add some of the links from the Main page, for example. It takes a somewhat special syntax, though, so you'll probably want to consult [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar]] for guidance. [[User:Gphemsley|GPHemsley]] ([[User talk:Gphemsley|talk]]) 22:26, 22 December 2012 (UTC)

:Thanks for the tips. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 23:40, 22 December 2012 (UTC)

== re [[Talk:Text-based_data]] ==

How do you feel about splitting the Markup languages section out of [[Document]] and a few of the file formats out of [[Text-based data]] into a [[Markup]] page/category? For instance [[textile]] and [[markdown]] have different ontologies but are more similar than not. I'm willing to move stuff over if you define the category. As you mentioned on [[Talk:Text-based data]], 'Categorization is getting pretty chaotic' [[User:Sethwoodworth|Sethwoodworth]] ([[User talk:Sethwoodworth|talk]]) 00:58, 18 January 2013 (UTC)

:A lot of stuff in the ontology probably needs rethinking... any attempt to categorize things starts to get messy and inconsistent after a while, and shows the biases of whoever set them up in the first place and whatever lines of thought they happened to be having at the time, which might not end up being relevant later. (See the Dewey Decimal System categories, for instance; it devotes lots of number space to different aspects of Christian churches, then shoves all "Other Religions" in a small section.) Yes, markup probably deserves its own category (though HTML then would belong there, but it's also in the Web category; should things be in just one category or multiple ones?) [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 02:01, 18 January 2013 (UTC)

:Hrrm, I see. Maybe things need multiple categories. The CDC's public health image library uses multiple ontologies pretty effectively [http://imgur.com/lqd6p] For now I wont sweat it too much. Search works pretty well. [[User:Sethwoodworth|Sethwoodworth]] ([[User talk:Sethwoodworth|talk]]) 16:14, 18 January 2013 (UTC)

:OK, I added a [[Markup]] page. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 15:58, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

== IPA ==

I noticed that you created [[IPA]] to describe some iOS/iTunes format that I'm not familiar with. However, IPA can also refer to the [[Wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]], which probably falls under the text encoding/language script portion of this project. It should probably be disambiguated. [[User:Gphemsley|GPHemsley]] ([[User talk:Gphemsley|talk]]) 03:23, 3 February 2013 (UTC)

== Deletion request ==

Hey Dan, [[:Category:File_formats_with_extension_.dcs|this category was created in error]]. Would you mind nuking it for me? [[User:Lewis Collard|Lewis Collard]] ([[User talk:Lewis Collard|talk]]) 22:42, 16 March 2013 (UTC)

== Self-links ==

You may not be aware, but explicitly bolded "self-links" (like this - '''[[User talk:Dan Tobias]]''') aren't handled consistently by different web browsers. In some they are bold, and in some (IE, and sometimes Firefox) they are really-really bold. I don't think the wiki software expects you to do that.

:Yes, I've noticed that... I kind of like the font Firefox (sometimes) uses for this, which is what got me to start doing it (in imitation of somebody else who first started doing it here a while back; I don't remember who), but perhaps that's an unintended effect? On Firefox on a different machine it doesn't show up, so it seems to depend on system-specific things (like what fonts are installed maybe?). It would be good to be consistent in style, though, so how do you think main titles should be marked up? [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 18:25, 4 January 2014 (UTC)

::I have no preference as to how they're marked up, but I do prefer to see them rendered as normal bold (like Wikipedia), not extra bold. [[User:Jsummers|Jsummers]] ([[User talk:Jsummers|talk]]) 18:56, 4 January 2014 (UTC)
:::Fair enough. I think I'll do it that way from now on; my main concern is to stay consistent, not so much to favor one style or another. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 19:08, 4 January 2014 (UTC)

== SVG uploads ==

Hi,

As you have noticed i've been doing error codes, fault codes, and other messages and i have now come across [http://www.appliancepartspros.com/repair-help/kitchenaid-fault-codes.html#Kitchen%20Aid%20Cooktop%20Fault%20Codes%2030%20in this]. As you see there are icons displaying an indicator, but i wouldn't want to copy it from their site. I do think that it can be argued that simple shapes are not protected by copyright, but their quality is shit, and i have already recreated the display in SVG (proper SVG, not one of those 'picture-to-svg' things). However, when i attempt to upload it here i find that this wiki doesn't accept SVG at all, which is very strange.

You are the only active admin at the moment, and i was hoping you can help me with this or at least tell me who do i need to sexually gratify to allow me to help this project by uploading some circles )))

Thanks in advance. [[User:VolodyA! V Anarhist|VolodyA! V Anarhist]] ([[User talk:VolodyA! V Anarhist|talk]]) 15:36, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

:I don't think I have any way of changing that; at least, I don't see anything about it in the array of tools I can see as an admin. Maybe it's a sysadmin-level config thing requiring access to the server. Jason Scott is the owner of the site, but he doesn't show up here much. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 17:13, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

::Yeah, it is in the LocalSettings file... will ask Jason Scott for help. [[User:VolodyA! V Anarhist|VolodyA! V Anarhist]] ([[User talk:VolodyA! V Anarhist|talk]]) 19:13, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

== DISPLAYTITLE ==

Hi, i see you tried to add DISPLAYTITLE to [[C Sharp]] and noticed that it didn't work. Just wanted to explain why (if you are wondering). Basically the default MediaWiki settings only permit to change the display title if it was potentially possible to interpret title this way. For example, when you change the case of the first letter (that gets altered automatically) or when you change space into an underscore (because software would otherwise do the opposite). It is potentially possible to change [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgRestrictDisplayTitle $wgRestrictDisplayTitle] to false, but that would open us to trolling and other bad things. [[User:VolodyA! V Anarhist|VolodyA! V Anarhist]] ([[User talk:VolodyA! V Anarhist|talk]]) 05:50, 12 May 2015 (UTC)

:OK, thanks. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 12:01, 12 May 2015 (UTC)

== FTM ==
Just came back to create those additional Family tree maker categories and found that you'd done it, Thank you [[User:Sam888|Sam888]] ([[User talk:Sam888|talk]]) 00:38, 9 March 2016 (UTC)
:You're welcome! [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 02:30, 9 March 2016 (UTC)
::Thanks again, lighting Dan :) [[User:Sam888|Sam888]] ([[User talk:Sam888|talk]]) 23:06, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

== Pages in multiple categories ==

Hey, I noticed you just created a [[Saved Games]] page. I assume any game save formats from the [[Game data files]] page should be moved over, but what about if a format falls into both of these categories? For example, [[Cities Skylines CRP]] files are used for both save games, as well as community made mods and maps. Can a page be in multiple subcategories, or should it remain in the category it fits best? I'm not really sure who to turn to on formatting issues, so hopefully im in the right place.
--[[User:Hamhock666|Hamhock666]] ([[User talk:Hamhock666|talk]]) 05:03, 25 September 2016 (UTC)

:That page has actually been there all along; I just added an entry to it for the newly created "orphan page" that wasn't linked anywhere but was in that category. Pages are sometimes in multiple categories, but the two game-related pages do cross-link to one another. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 05:27, 25 September 2016 (UTC)

== Thank You... ==

...for changing those links on the list page. I had completely forgotten about that. [[User:Effect2|Effect2]] ([[User talk:Effect2|talk]]) 07:06, 11 February 2019 (UTC) (06:27)
:No problem... I'm always loooking out for "orphan pages" being created without links in the index/list pages. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 14:18, 11 February 2019 (UTC)

== BlockHashLoc from ForensicsWiki ==

I am not sure whether or not to create a page here for this: https://web.archive.org/web/20190911115527/http://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/BlockHashLoc . It seems to be a neat, but not necessarily widely (or at all) used idea someone came up with (and implemented). Your thoughts welcomed. [[User:JesseW|JesseW]] ([[User talk:JesseW|talk]]) 01:01, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
:Sure... we're not Wikipedia, and don't gatekeep for "notability"; anything that's been used as a file format somewhere is fair game. [[User:Dan Tobias|Dan Tobias]] ([[User talk:Dan Tobias|talk]]) 02:59, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
:: OK, will add it when I get a chance. [[User:JesseW|JesseW]] ([[User talk:JesseW|talk]]) 14:57, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
::: There's already a page for [[BlockHashLoc]]. I have created it about 1 month after I published the code on GitHub. Hope it's OK.
:::: Very much so -- that saves me the trouble, thank you! Not sure why I didn't find it earlier. [[User:JesseW|JesseW]] ([[User talk:JesseW|talk]]) 16:02, 28 October 2020 (UTC)

User talk:Dan Tobias

2020-10-26T14:57:41Z

JesseW: /* BlockHashLoc from ForensicsWiki */

Bzip2

2020-10-26T01:20:01Z

JesseW: add details from ForensicsWiki entry

{{FormatInfo
|name=bzip2
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Compression
|extensions={{ext|bz2}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|application/x-bzip2}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|x-fmt/268}}
|released=1997
}}
'''bzip2''' is a data compression algorithm and compressed file format.

== Identification ==

Files begin with magic number "BZ" (bytes 42 5A). Then either an "h" (0x68; [[Huffman coding]]) or "0" (0x30; deprecated original version), then the block size, in 100kb units (TODO: clarify this).

Each compressed block starts with a magic number 0x314159265359 (yes, that is the start of decimal π, but in hex.)

The end of file marker uses magic number 0x177245385090 (square root of π, in the same ... interesting ... format.)

== Software ==
* [http://bzip.org/ bzip2 and libbzip2]
* [[7-Zip]]

== Sample files ==
* https://telparia.com/fileFormatSamples/archive/bz2/sm.tar.bz2

== See also ==
* [[Burrows–Wheeler transform]]
* [[bzip]]

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Bzip2|Wikipedia article]]
* [https://twitter.com/angealbertini/status/537704386080694274/photo/1 Chart of format details]
* [https://lwn.net/Articles/762264/ bzip.org changes hands] (LWN article from August 9, 2018)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190809161013/http://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/Bzip2 ForensicsWiki entry] (also includes more details on the headers)

BMP

2020-10-26T01:06:29Z

JesseW: add ForensicsWiki entry link (no useful details to add)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|extensions={{ext|bmp}}, {{ext|rle}}, {{ext|dib}}, others
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/bmp}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000189}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/116}}, others
|wikidata={{wikidata|Q192869}}
|kaitai struct=bmp
|released=1987
}}
'''BMP''' is a family of raster image file formats primarily used on Microsoft Windows and OS/2 operating systems. The format is sometimes known as '''Device-Independent Bitmap''' ('''DIB'''), since, when loaded into memory using Windows software, the image is held as a DIB structure.

Though seemingly a simple format, it is complicated by its many different versions, lack of an official specification, lack of any version control process, and ambiguities and contradictions in the documentation.

== Discussion ==
The term ''DIB'' can mean several different things:
* A synonym for BMP file format.
* An in-memory DIB object, with no file header. The header data and the bitmap data do not have to be stored contiguously. Some Win32 API functions use this format.
* A "packed DIB" memory object or file component, with no file header. The header data and the bitmap data are stored contiguously. This is a standard [[Windows clipboard|clipboard format]], for example.
* A "packed DIB" stored in a file by itself.

A number of Windows-centric formats contain some nonstandard modified or compressed form of BMP/DIB, intended to be reconstructed as a DIB at runtime.

== Format details ==

=== Compression ===
Images are usually uncompressed, but [[Run-length encoding|RLE]] compression can be used under some conditions. [[JPEG]], [[PNG]], and [[Modified Huffman|Huffman 1D]] compression are also theoretically possible, but rarely supported.

=== File structure ===
A BMP file starts with a 14-byte "BITMAPFILEHEADER" structure.

Immediately after that is another header which we'll refer to as the "info header", though some versions of it are named "core header" instead. There are a number of different versions and sub-versions of it. It starts with 4-byte integer indicating its size, which ''mostly'' reveals its version.

The pixel data is pointed to by a field in BITMAPFILEHEADER. There can be other data segments, e.g. for a color palette, before (and, rarely, after) the pixel data.

Pixel data is usually stored from bottom up. If uncompressed, each row is padded to a multiple of 4 bytes.

== Identifiers ==
No MIME type has been officially registered. Strings found in practice are: image/bmp; image/x-bmp; image/x-ms-bmp

The usual filename extension is '''.bmp'''. Extensions '''.rle''' (for RLE-compressed images) and '''.dib''' (which sometimes indicates that the file lacks a ''file header'') are also sometimes seen. Many other extensions have been used by various applications.

== Identification ==
BMP files start with the ASCII signature "{{magic|BM}}".

The bytes at the beginning of the file match one of these two patterns:

42 4d ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 00 00 0c 00
00 00 ?? ?? ?? ?? 01 00 ?? 00

or

42 4d ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 00 00 ?? 00
00 00 ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 01 00 ?? 00

The "reserved" bytes at offset 6 to 9 are usually all zero, but a few OS/2 BMP files have nonzero "hotspot coordinates" there.

Compare to [[VBM (VDC BitMap)]], an obscure format with a similar signature.

== Well-known versions ==

=== Windows BMP v2 ===
* Info header size: 12
* Info header name: BITMAPCOREHEADER
* PRONOM: {{PRONOM|fmt/115}}

See also OS/2 BMP 1.0, below.

=== Windows BMP v3 ===
* Info header size: 40
* Info header name: BITMAPINFOHEADER
* PRONOM: {{PRONOM|fmt/116}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/117}}

This is by far the most widely used version of BMP. It was introduced with Windows 3.x. Windows NT extended it to support 16 and 32 bits/pixel.

Windows CE also extended it, for example to allow 2 bits/pixel (see [[Pocket PC Bitmap]]), but its extensions were not migrated to the BMP v4 and v5 formats.

It is apparently possible for OS/2 BMP 2.0 format to masquerade as Windows BMP v3. The upshot is that if the compression type is 3 and the bit depth is 1, or the compression type is 4 and the bit depth is 24, then the file should be treated as OS/2 BMP 2.0.

=== Windows BMP v4 ===
* Info header size: 108
* Info header name: BITMAPV4HEADER
* PRONOM: {{PRONOM|fmt/118}}

Introduced with Windows 95. Adds support for transparency and colorimetry.

=== Windows BMP v5 ===
* Info header size: 124
* Info header name: BITMAPV5HEADER
* PRONOM: {{PRONOM|fmt/119}}

Introduced with Windows 98. Adds support for [[ICC profile|ICC profiles]].

== Other versions ==

=== Windows BMP v1 ===
* PRONOM: {{PRONOM|fmt/114}}

Also called DDB, this is the bitmap file format used by Windows 1.0. It's not really a BMP format. Refer to [[Windows DDB]].

=== OS/2 BMP 1.0 ===
:''See also the [[OS/2 BMP|OS/2 BMP disambiguation page]].''
* Info header size: 12
* Info header name: BITMAPCOREHEADER or OS21XBITMAPHEADER
* PRONOM: {{PRONOM|x-fmt/25}} (deprecated), {{PRONOM|fmt/115}}

For practical purposes, OS/2 BMP 1.0 is identical to Windows BMP v2. But there can be at least one small difference: In OS/2 formats, the "Size" field at offset 2 (variously named "cbSize", "FileSize", or "bfSize") is sometimes set to the size of the headers, instead of the size of the file. For v1, that means it will be 26 (14+12). For v2, it can range from 30 to 78.

=== OS/2 BMP 2.0 ===
* Info header size: 16–64 (16, 24, 40, 48, and 64 may be most common)
* Info header name: BITMAPCOREHEADER2 or OS22XBITMAPHEADER
* PRONOM: {{PRONOM|x-fmt/270}}

OS/2 BMP 2.0 defines several file subtypes; here we are describing only the "Bitmap" subtype (files with a signature of "BM"). For other subtypes, see [[OS/2 bitmap family]].

The header size can be reduced from its full size of 64 bytes. Omitted fields are assumed to have a value of zero.

The fields in the first 40 bytes of the header are (nearly) identical to those in Windows BMP v3, v4, and v5. The remaining fields are different.

OS/2 BMP 2.0 supports compression types "Huffman 1D" and "RLE24", unlike any other version of BMP.

=== BITMAPV2INFOHEADER ===
* Info header size: 52
* Info header name: BITMAPV2INFOHEADER

Uncertain; possibly an abbreviated V4/V5 header.

=== BITMAPV3INFOHEADER ===
* Info header size: 56
* Info header name: BITMAPV3INFOHEADER

Uncertain; possibly an abbreviated V4/V5 header.

=== Packed DIB file ===
Same as the common BMP formats, but omits the 14-byte ''file header''.

=== OS/2 Bitmap Array ===
Sometimes, an [[OS/2 Bitmap Array]] file containing one or more bitmaps is considered to be a kind of BMP file. Such a file begins with an extra 14-byte header, with signature "<code>BA</code>". (But note that deleting this header is not quite enough to get a valid BMP file.)

== Symbol definitions ==
Here are the definitions, from the Windows SDKs, of some of the symbols used in the BMP documentation.

All integers use little-endian [[Endianness|byte order]].

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Definition
|-
|WORD || unsigned 16-bit integer
|-
|DWORD || unsigned 32-bit integer
|-
|LONG || signed 32-bit integer
|-
|BI_RGB || 0
|-
|BI_RLE8 || 1
|-
|BI_RLE4 || 2
|-
|BI_BITFIELDS || 3
|-
|(Huffman 1D) || 3
|-
|BI_JPEG || 4
|-
|(24-bit RLE) || 4
|-
|BI_PNG || 5
|-
|BI_ALPHABITFIELDS || 6
|-
|BI_SRCPREROTATE || 0x8000 (?)
|-
|LCS_CALIBRATED_RGB || 0
|-
|LCS_sRGB || <code>'sRGB'</code> = 0x73524742
|-
|LCS_WINDOWS_COLOR_SPACE || <code>'Win '</code> = 0x57696e20
|-
|PROFILE_LINKED || <code>'LINK'</code> = 0x4c494e4b
|-
|PROFILE_EMBEDDED || <code>'MBED'</code> = 0x4d424544
|-
|LCS_GM_BUSINESS || 1
|-
|LCS_GM_GRAPHICS || 2
|-
|LCS_GM_IMAGES || 4
|-
|LCS_GM_ABS_COLORIMETRIC || 8
|}

== Specifications ==
* Most of the format (but not the BITMAPFILEHEADER) is defined in the [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-wmf/4813e7fd-52d0-4f42-965f-228c8b7488d2 Windows Metafile Specification] (as "DeviceIndependentBitmap")
* Defined in the [https://www.aelius.com/njh/wavemetatools/doc/riffmci.pdf RIFF specification] (as Device Independent Bitmap File Format)
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-bitmapfileheader BITMAPFILEHEADER]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-bitmapcoreheader BITMAPCOREHEADER]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/dd183376(v=vs.85) BITMAPINFOHEADER]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/embedded/aa452885(v=msdn.10) BITMAPINFOHEADER (Windows CE 5.0)]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-bitmapv4header BITMAPV4HEADER]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-bitmapv5header BITMAPV5HEADER]
* [http://www.digicamsoft.com/bmp/bmp.html Another site with format descriptions]
* [http://www.fileformat.info/format/os2bmp/spec/902d5c253f2a43ada39c2b81034f27fd/view.htm OS/2 Presentation Manager Programming Reference Guide, Vol III]

== Metaformat files ==

* {{Synalysis|bitmap}}

== Software ==
BMP is widely supported by graphics software, including web browsers. Software listed here has been arbitrarily selected.
* [[Netpbm]]: bmptopnm, ppmtobmp
* [[ImageMagick]]
* [[XnView]]
* [[Tom's Viewer]]

== Sample files ==
=== Windows BMP v2 ===
This format is fairly common, but examples of it can be hard to spot amidst all the BMPv3 files.
* [https://samples.libav.org/image-samples/money-2-%28os2%29.bmp money-2-(os2).bmp], [https://samples.libav.org/image-samples/money-16-%28os2%29.bmp money-16-(os2).bmp], [https://samples.libav.org/image-samples/money-256-%28os2%29.bmp money-256-(os2).bmp], [https://samples.libav.org/image-samples/money-24bit-os2.bmp money-24bit-os2.bmp]
* {{CdTextfilesURL|hobbesos29709/disk2/MULTIMED/BMP/}} → BMPS*.ZIP, OS2ORBIT.ZIP, REALMERL.BMP

=== Windows BMP v3 ===
* {{CdTextfilesURL|mmplatinum/IMAGES/BMP/}}
* {{CdTextfilesURL|monstmedia/WIN/ICONS/}}
* {{CdTextfilesURL|maxx/tothemaxww/BMPMISC/}}

=== OS/2 BMP 2.0 ===
* [http://kimludvigsen.dk/os2/os2/graphx/teamlog2.zip teamlog2.zip] → TEAMcol.bmp, teamcol2.bmp
* [https://samples.libav.org/image-samples/bmp-files/test4os2v2.bmp test4os2v2.bmp]
* {{CdTextfiles|hobbesos29709/disk2/MULTIMED/BMP/CARDBMPS.ZIP|CARDBMPS.ZIP}} - Most of the files are OS/2 BMP 2.0
* {{CdTextfiles|hobbesos29709/disk1/GAMES/MAKMAN10.ZIP|MAKMAN10.ZIP}} - Some of the files are files OS/2 BMP 2.0
* {{CdTextfiles|monstmedia/IMAGES/JUR_OS2.BMP|JUR_OS2.BMP}}
* {{CdTextfilesURL|pier/pier09/cdrom/036/}} → os2bmp*.zip

=== Various ===
* [http://wvnvms.wvnet.edu/vmswww/bmp.html Example BMP images (all Windows v3 except as indicated)]
* [https://archive.org/details/OS2BBS OS/2 BBS Files Archive] → 13-Bitmap.zip - Lots of OS/2 BMP 1.0 & 2.0 files
* [https://entropymine.com/jason/bmpsuite/bmpsuite/html/bmpsuite.html BMP Suite Image List]
* https://telparia.com/fileFormatSamples/image/bmp/

== See also ==
* [[CUR]]
* [[ICO]]
* [[OS/2 bitmap family]]
* [[OS/2 Bitmap Array]]
* [[packPNM]]
* [[Pocket PC Bitmap]]
* [[Poser Bump Map]]
* [[Segmented Hypergraphics]]
* [[Windows DDB]]
* [[Winzle Puzzle]]

== Resources ==
* [http://whatis.rest7.com/how-to-open-bmp-file Specification of BMP headers]
* [[Wikipedia:BMP file format|Wikipedia: BMP file format]]
* {{EGFF|bmp|Microsoft Windows Bitmap File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* {{EGFF|os2bmp|OS/2 Bitmap File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [http://coptr.digipres.org/Bad_Peggy Bad Peggy: scans images for problems]

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190919034602/http://forensicswiki.org/wiki/BMP ForensicsWiki entry] (not much useful info except for a link to an iOS tool for reading metadata)

[[Category:Microsoft]]
[[Category:Windows]]
[[Category:OS/2]]

User:JesseW

2020-10-26T01:01:53Z

JesseW: Created page with "Just a wikignome."

Just a wikignome.

User talk:Dan Tobias

2020-10-26T01:01:27Z

JesseW: /* BlockHashLoc from ForensicsWiki */ new section

BSM

2020-10-25T23:39:00Z

JesseW: Redirected page to Basic Security Module

#REDIRECT [[Basic Security Module]]

Basic Security Module

2020-10-25T23:38:40Z

JesseW: add some details on this; there's more (including links) on the ForensicsWiki entry that needs to be copied over

'''Basic Security Module''' is the name given to a format for computer logs (and an associated API to work with them). It originated at Sun, and was later taken up by Apple in OSX, and from there spread to the various BSDs.

== Specs ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140604095901/https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man5/audit.log.5.html audit.log man page] (copy from Wayback Machine copy of page on apple.com)

== Links ==
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSM
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190427230108/http://forensicswiki.org/wiki/Basic_Security_Module_(BSM)_file_format ForensicsWiki entry]

Attribute-Relation File Format

2020-10-25T23:21:32Z

JesseW: add ForensicsWiki entry link (all details already included)

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Text-based data
|extensions={{ext|arff}}
}}

'''Attribute-Relation File Format''' is an [[ASCII]] text file that describes a list of instances sharing a set of attributes. ARFF files were developed by the Machine Learning Project at the Department of Computer Science of The University of Waikato, New Zealand, for use with the Weka machine learning software.

== References ==
* Main documentation at the University of Waikato [http://weka.wikispaces.com/ARFF ARFF]
* Superseded documentation from 2008 [http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/arff.html Attribute-Relation File Format (ARFF)]
* [http://code.activestate.com/recipes/440533/ ARFF to SQL Python recipe]

== Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190427230032/http://forensicswiki.org/wiki/ARFF ForensicsWiki entry]

ARFF

2020-10-25T23:20:13Z

JesseW: Redirected page to Attribute-Relation File Format

#REDIRECT [[Attribute-Relation File Format]]

AppleDouble

2020-10-25T23:19:02Z

JesseW: add details from ForensicsWiki entry

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Archiving
|extensions={{ext|adf}}, {{ext|rsrc}}, others/special
|mimetypes={{mimetype|multipart/appledouble}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/966}}, {{PRONOM|fmt/503}}
|kaitai struct=apple_single_double
|released=1990
}}
[[AppleDouble]] is one of the systems used to store the [[Resource Fork]] of Macintosh files on filesystems not natively supporting it, something which became necessary when Apple moved to Unix-based operating systems instead of "classic" MacOS. [[AppleSingle]] is an alternative format to accomplish the same end, combining all the forks plus a metadata header in one file instead of keeping separate files like AppleDouble. While both AppleSingle and AppleDouble were introduced for use with early Unix-based Apple systems, AppleDouble survived as the main method of storing files with resource forks on OS X systems if a filesystem is used that doesn't directly support such forks.

== File naming ==
The AppleDouble format keeps the data fork of the file in its original format and filename (this is the main file, as used by non-Mac operating systems, and for many file formats, the only one that matters), and creates a second "header" file with the resource fork as well as [[Finder information|Finder metadata]].

The specification says that the header filename should be prefixed with a "%", or prefixed with "R.", or have a file extension of ".ADF", depending on the filesystem's capabilities.

However, in the OS X era, the convention is to prefix the header filename with "._" (a dot and an underscore).

One of [[The Unarchiver]]'s options is to use an extension of ".rsrc".

Sometimes, instead of using a different filename, the header files are put in special subdirectories named ".AppleDouble".

The Finder's "Archive as..." functionality puts them in subdirectories named <code>__MACOSX</code>.

== Identification ==
AppleDouble header files begin with signature bytes (hex) {{magic|00 05 16 07}}.

== Specifications ==
* [http://kaiser-edv.de/documents/AppleSingle_AppleDouble.pdf AppleSingle/AppleDouble Developer’s Note] - Version 2
* [http://kaiser-edv.de/documents/Applesingle_AppleDouble_v1.html AppleSingle and AppleDouble format internals] · [http://kaiser-edv.de/documents/AppleSingle_AppleDouble_v1.pdf PDF] - Version 1
* [https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_applemacauoolboxMacintoshROMInterface1990_9531329/page/n125 A/UX Toolbox: Macintosh ROM Interface], p. 6-15: AppleSingle and AppleDouble format internals - Version 1 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20190427230049/http://users.phg-online.de/tk/netatalk/doc/Apple/v1/ another copy])
* RFC 1740 (describes various Mac-specific formats)
* [https://kazakov.life/2013/10/31/extracting-extended-attributes-from-apple-double-format/ Extracting extended attributes from Apple Double format]

== Metaformat files ==
* {{Synalysis|appledouble}}

== Utilities ==
* [https://sourceforge.net/projects/macbinconv/ Mac Binary Converter]
* [https://metacpan.org/pod/Mac::AppleSingleDouble Mac::AppleSingleDouble Perl library]

== Other links ==
* [[Wikipedia:AppleSingle and AppleDouble formats|Wikipedia article]]
* [https://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/AppleDouble_header_file Forensics Wiki article]
* [https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-newman-macbin-binhex-harmful-00 MacBinary and Binhex 4.0 considered harmful]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120602061209/http://support.apple.com/kb/TA20578 Apple KnowledgeBase notes about AppleDouble] (from archive.org)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190427230049/http://forensicswiki.org/wiki/AppleDouble_header_file ForensicsWiki entry]

[[Category:Macintosh]]
[[Category:Filesystem]]
[[Category:Multi-file formats]]

AAC

2020-10-25T23:12:18Z

JesseW: add details from ForensicsWiki entry

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Audio and Music
|released=1997
|extensions={{ext|aac}}, {{ext|mp4}}, {{ext|m4a}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000114}}, others
}}
'''AAC''' ('''Advanced Audio Coding''') is a compressed audio format defined in [[MPEG-2]] Part 7 (ISO/IEC 13818-7), and in an updated form in [[MPEG-4]] Part 3 (ISO/IEC 14496-3). It was designed to be the successor to [[MP3]]. iTunes distributes (or distributed) files in this format, apparently including various metadata (like the name, and sometimes email of the account which downloaded it, along with the time it was downloaded).

An AAC file may contain only the raw AAC format, or it may use a multimedia container format such [[MP4]] or [[QuickTime]]. AAC is often used for the audio component of a video file.

== Identifiers ==
Raw AAC files typically use the file extension '''.aac'''. In formats based on [[ISO Base Media File Format]], the brand "<code>M4A</code>" is used.

{| class="wikitable"
! Format
! LoCFDD
|-
|AAC (MPEG-2) || {{LoCFDD|fdd000036}}
|-
|AAC (MPEG-2), ADIF || {{LoCFDD|fdd000112}}
|-
|AAC (MPEG-4) || {{LoCFDD|fdd000114}}
|-
|AAC (MPEG-4) Low Complexity Object || {{LoCFDD|fdd000233}}
|-
|MPEG-4 File Format, V.2, with AAC || {{LoCFDD|fdd000234}}
|-
|QuickTime Audio, AAC Codec || {{LoCFDD|fdd000110}}
|}

== Specifications ==
* [http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=43345 ISO/IEC 13818-7:2006] (MPEG-2 Part 7) (not free to download)
* [http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=53943 ISO/IEC 14496-3:2009] (MPEG-4 Part 3) (not free to download)

== Software ==
* [[FFmpeg]]
* [[Konvertor]]
* [[VLC]]
* [http://www.audiocoding.com/faad2.html FAAD2]
* [http://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/en/ff/amm/impl/fdkaaccodec.html Fraunhofer FDK AAC]

== Sample files ==
* http://download.wavetlan.com/SVV/Media/HTTP/http-aac.htm
* http://samples.libav.org/A-codecs/AAC/
* http://samples.libav.org/A-codecs/suite/MP4A

== Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Advanced Audio Coding|Wikipedia: Advanced Audio Coding]]
* [[Wikipedia:MPEG-4 Part 3|Wikipedia: MPEG-4 Part 3]]
* [[Wikipedia:MPEG-2|Wikipedia: MPEG-2]]
* [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding MultimediaWiki: Advanced Audio Coding]
* [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Understanding_AAC MultimediaWiki: Understanding AAC]
* [http://www.jiscdigitalmedia.ac.uk/guide/aac-audio-and-the-mp4-media-format JISC Digital Media guide: AAC Audio and the MP4 Media Format]
* [http://www.vialicensing.com/licensing/aac-overview.aspx AAC licensing]
* [http://inkdroid.org/journal/2014/05/23/realaudio-aac-and-archivy/ RealAudio, AAC and Archivy]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190209085502/https://forensicswiki.org/wiki/AAC ForensicsWiki entry]

[[Category:MPEG]]
[[Category:MPEG-4]]
[[Category:Box file format]]

M4p

2020-10-25T23:10:07Z

JesseW: Redirected page to MP4

#REDIRECT [[MP4]]

Category:File formats with extension .ari

2020-10-25T18:46:18Z

JesseW:

[[Category:File formats by extension|A]]

Category:File formats with extension .ari

2020-10-25T18:45:40Z

JesseW: Created page with "Ari"

[[Category:File formats by extension|Ari]]

Arriflex D-20

2020-10-25T18:44:22Z

JesseW: Created page with "{{FormatInfo |formattype=electronic |subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors |extensions={{ext|ari}} }} A very early digital film camera, first sold in 2005 and discontinued..."

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Cameras and Digital Image Sensors
|extensions={{ext|ari}}
}}

A very early digital film camera, first sold in 2005 and discontinued in 2008.

== Links ==

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arriflex_D-20
* https://www.arri.com/en/company/arri-news/news-stories/2017/the-history-of-arri-in-a-century-of-cinema (discusses it in terms of history)
* http://car.france3.mars.free.fr/Formation%20INA%20HD/Colorimetrie%20HD/STAGE_HD%20(E)/Arri/d20_e.pdf (includes various specs)

Ical

2017-01-02T01:38:53Z

JesseW: Redirected page to ICalendar

#REDIRECT [[ICalendar]]

TIFF

2016-06-02T02:16:36Z

JesseW: /* External links */ add Adobe Photoshop File Formats Specification October 2013

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|subcat=Graphics
|thiscat=TIFF
|extensions={{ext|tif}}, {{ext|tiff}}
|mimetypes={{mimetype|image/tiff}}
|locfdd={{LoCFDD|fdd000022}}
|pronom={{PRONOM|fmt/353}}
}}
'''TIFF''', formerly known as '''Tag(ged) Image File Format''', is an image format capable of storing multiple high quality images in a single file.

A TIFF image may be uncompressed or use a compression scheme internally. Two of the most widely used compression schemes in TIFF files are lossless, including [[LZW]] and, for bitonal images [[CCITT Group 4]], as used for facsimile transmission [fax]. [[JPEG]] baseline DCT-based lossy compression is also used.

Several subtypes and extensions of [[TIFF]] exist, including [[TIFF/EP]], [[TIFF/IT]], [[DNG]], [[GeoTIFF]], [[TIFF-FX]], and [[BigTIFF]]. Multi-image TIFFs may represent sequences of images (such as scanned pages of a document), image tiles, or different versions of the same image, for example Pyramid TIFFs that incorporate images at different resolutions (often tiled). Some software that can read and display a TIFF file may only open the primary image.

TI/A (formerly TIFF/A) is a proposed archival standard based on TIFF (but no longer using its name due to objections by Adobe, which owns the rights to the name TIFF) which is in progress of development.

== Identification ==
TIFF files begin with bytes <code>4D 4D 00 2A</code> (big-[[Endianness|endian]]), or <code>49 49 2A 00</code> (little-endian).

This does not account for [[BigTIFF]] format, which you may or may not consider to be a kind of TIFF.

=== File signatures ===
Some TIFF-like formats use a different file signature (the first few bytes of the file) to help identify them. Some of the known signatures are listed here.

(For formats lacking a public specification, this table may include a hypothetical signature for a byte order that has not been observed.)

{| class="wikitable"
! Big-endian signature
! Little-endian signature
! Format
|-
|<code>4d 4d 00 2a</code> || <code>49 49 2a 00</code> || TIFF
|-
|<code>4d 4d 00 2b</code> || <code>49 49 2b 00</code> || [[BigTIFF]]
|-
|<code>4d 4d 00 55</code> || <code>49 49 55 00</code> || [[Panasonic RAW/RW2]]
|-
| || <code>49 49 bc 01</code> || [[JPEG XR]]
|-
| || <code>49 49 4e 31</code> || [[NIFF (Navy Image File Format)]]
|-
|<code>4d 4d 43 52</code> || <code>49 49 52 43</code> || [[DNG camera profile]]
|-
|<code>4d 4d 4f 52</code> || <code>49 49 52 4f</code> || [[Olympus ORF]]
|-
|<code>4d 4d 53 52</code> || <code>49 49 52 53</code> || [[Olympus ORF]]
|-
| || <code>45 50 2a 00</code> || [[MDI]]
|}

== Compression ==
Tag 259 indicates the image compression scheme, as a coded integer. Some of the known compression schemes are listed below. Some of these are not used in genuine TIFF files, but only in other TIFF-like formats.

{| class="wikitable"
! Code
! Compression scheme
|-
|1 || uncompressed
|-
|2 || CCITTRLE. 1-dimensional [[CCITT Group 3]]. Essentially the same as code 3, but with different settings. There are no end-of-line markers, and each row is aligned on a byte boundary. See this [http://www.fileformat.info/mirror/egff/ch09_05.htm#CH09-DMYID.1.2 description] from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]].
|-
|3 || 1- or 2-dimensional [[CCITT Group 3]], depending on the value of T4Options bit 0.
|-
|4 || [[CCITT Group 4]]
|-
|5 || [[LZW]]
|-
|6 || "Old style" [[JPEG]]
|-
|7 || "New style" [[JPEG]]
|-
|8 || [[DEFLATE]]
|-
|9, 10 || [[JBIG]] (refer to [[TIFF-FX]])
|-
|32766 || [[NeXT 2-bit RLE]]
|-
|32767 || (Used by [[Sony ARW]].)
|-
|32769 || Packed RAW / NIKON_PACK (Used by [[Epson ERF]].)
|-
|32770 || (Used by [[Samsung SRW]].)
|-
|32771 || CCITTRLEW. Same as code 2, except that rows are aligned on a 2-byte boundary.
|-
|32773 || [[PackBits]]
|-
|32809 || [[ThunderScan compression]]
|-
|32867 || Kodak KDC (unconfirmed)
|-
|32895, 32896, 32897, 32898 || IT8CTPAD, IT8LW, IT8MP, IT8BL (refer to [[TIFF/IT]])
|-
|32908 || PIXARFILM. Pixar 10-bit LZW
|-
|32909 || PIXARLOG. Pixar companded 11-bit ZIP
|-
|32946 || [[DEFLATE]] (same as code 8)
|-
|32947 || (Used by [[Kodak]] DCS.)
|-
|33003, 33005 || (Used by [[Aperio SVS]].)
|-
|34661 || [[JBIG]]
|-
|34676 || SGILOG. 32-bit SGI Log Luminance RLE
|-
|34677 || SGILOG24. 24-bit SGI Log Luminance packed
|-
|34692 || (Used by [[LuraDocument Format]].)
|-
|34712 || [[JPEG 2000]]
|-
|34713 || (Used by [[Nikon]] NEF.)
|-
|34715 || [[JBIG2]] ([[TIFF-FX]] extension)
|-
|34718, 34719, 34720 || (Used by [[MDI]].)
|-
|34892 || Lossy JPEG (refer to [[DNG]])
|}

Private/rogue compression codes:
{| class="wikitable"
! Code
! Compression scheme
|-
|99 || JPEG (Used by [[Leaf MOS]].)
|-
|262 || Kodak 262 (unconfirmed)
|-
|65000 || (Used by [[Kodak]] DCR.)
|-
|65535 || (Used by [[Pentax PEF]].)
|}

== Color types ==
Tag 262 indicates the color type ("photometric interpretation") of the image, as a coded integer. Some of the known color types are listed below.

{| class="wikitable"
! Code
! Color type
|-
|0 || Grayscale or bi-level, white is 0
|-
|1 || Grayscale or bi-level, black is 0
|-
|2 || RGB
|-
|3 || Palette color
|-
|5 || CMYK
|-
|6 || YCbCr
|-
|8 || CIE L*a*b*
|-
|9 || ICC L*a*b*
|-
|10 || ITU L*a*b* (refer to [[TIFF-FX]])
|-
|32803 || CFA (refer to [[DNG]])
|-
|32844 || CIE Log2(L)
|-
|32845 || CIE Log2(L) (u',v')
|-
|34892 || LinearRaw (refer to [[DNG]])
|}

== Related formats ==

See also [[:Category:TIFF]].

* Tag 32932 contains [[TIFF annotation data]].

* Tag 33723 contains [[IPTC]] data.

* Tag 34377 contains [[Photoshop Image Resources]].

* Tags 34665 (Exif IFD), 34853 (GPS IFD), and 40965 (Interoperability IFD) point to [[Exif]] directories.

* Tag 34675 contains an [[ICC profile]].

* Tag 37724 (ImageSourceData) contains "Layer and Mask Information" from [[PSD]] format.

* Tag 50933 (ExtraCameraProfiles) points to [[DNG camera profile|DNG camera profiles]].

* [[Cameras and Digital Image Sensors|Raw camera formats]] are often based on TIFF.

== Specifications ==
* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFF6.pdf TIFF, Revision 6.0] (1992-06-03)
* TIFF Revision 5.0 (1988-08-08): [http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff5.html HTML], [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/TIFF-5.txt Text]
* Tag Image File Format Rev 4.0 (1987-04-31): [http://cool.conservation-us.org/bytopic/imaging/std/tiff4.html HTML], [http://www.martinreddy.net/gfx/2d/TIFF-4.txt Text]
* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFPM6.pdf Adobe PageMaker 6.0 TIFF Technical Notes] (1995-09-14)
* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/tiff/TIFFphotoshop.pdf Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Notes] (2002-03-22) - Defines tag 37724, compression types 7 and 8, photometric interpretation types 8 and 9
* [http://chriscox.org/TIFFTN3d1.pdf Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Note 3] (2005-04-08)
* [http://www.digitalmeetsculture.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/EASY-INNOVA-4.-TIFF-A-Standard-Proposal.pdf TIFF/A draft specification] (2015-02)

=== Metadata tags ===
* [http://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/tifftags.html AWare Systems TIFF Tag Reference]
* http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/TIFF_Metadata_Final.pdf
* http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/content/tiff_tags.shtml

== Metaformat files ==

* [https://www.synalysis.net/Grammars/tiff.grammar Synalysis grammar file] (for Hexinator / Synalize It!; [[Synalysis grammar file|more details]])

== Software ==
Most multi-format image viewers and editors support TIFF to some extent. Applications listed here have been selected arbitrarily.
* [[Konvertor]]
* [http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/ LibTIFF]
* [https://github.com/GPHemsley/tiff-js TIFF.js]
* [[XnView]]
* [http://www.irfanview.com/ IrfanView]
* [https://github.com/SLUB-digitalpreservation/fixit_tiff fixit_tiff (repair TIFF files)]

== Sample files ==
* http://www.fileformat.info/format/tiff/sample/index.htm
* http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/images.html
* http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/data/tif/tif.html
* https://github.com/openplanets/format-corpus/tree/master/tiff-examples
* https://code.google.com/p/imagetestsuite/wiki/TIFFTestSuite

== External links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Tagged Image File Format|Wikipedia article]]
* {{EGFF|tiff|TIFF File Format Summary}}, from the [[Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats]]
* [http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/tiff/index.html Adobe Developer Resources for TIFF]
* [https://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/ Adobe Photoshop File Formats Specification] from October 2013
* [https://bytebucket.org/jhove2/main/wiki/documents/JHOVE2-TIFF-module-spec-2-0-0.pdf JHOVE2 TIFF Module Specification 2.0.0] (useful TIFF information)
* [https://twitter.com/angealbertini/status/532274856151109632/photo/1 TIFF chart]
* [http://wiki.dpconline.org/images/f/f3/TIFF_Assessment_v1.2_external.pdf TIFF Format Preservation Assessment (British Library)]
* [https://github.com/friesey/preservation-tools/releases/tag/v0.3_TiffAnalysis_alpha TIFF Analysis 3rd Release]
* [http://ti-a.org/ TI/A Standard Initiative]

[[Category:Adobe]]

Audio and Music

2016-02-28T23:47:21Z

JesseW:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Audio and Music
|image=Music.jpg
|caption=Musical notation
}}

== Introduction ==
[[Electronic_File_Formats|Electronic Formats]] concerned with audio and musical data, including sound recording, instrument control, musical notation, etc.

* For an excellent introduction to the issues around audio and video formats, see [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/a-primer-on-codecs-for-moving-image-and-sound-archives-2/ A Primer on Codecs for Moving Image and Sound Archives - and 10 Recommendations for Codec Selection & Management] [http://www.avpreserve.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/AVPS_Codec_Primer.pdf PDF version]
* [http://www.garymcgath.com/streamingprotocols.html Basics of streaming protocols]

== Audio and sequencer software ==

* Ableton
** [[Ableton Live]]
* Aldrin
** [[Creative Commons Module]] (.ccm)
* [[Audacity Project Format]] (.aup)
* Cakewalk
** [[Cakewalk Project (CWP)]] (.cwp)
** [[Cakewalk Project (WRK)]] (.wrk)
** [[Cakewalk Sample Definition File]] (.sfz)
* [[Cool Edit / Audition Multi Track Session file]] (.sss)
* [[CPS project]] (.cps)
* FruityLoops / FL Studio
** [[DrumSynth Preset]] (.ds)
** [[FL Studio Score File]] (.fsc)
** [[FL Studio State File]] (.fst)
** [[Humanize Preset]] (.fpr)
** [[Raw FL Studio Project]] (.flp)
** [[SimSynth Preset]] (.syn)
** [[Speech Preset]] (.speech)
* GarageBand (Mac)
** [[GarageBand project]] (.band, .gbproj)
** [[Magic GarageBand template]] (.wand)
** [[GarageBand MagicMentor template]] (.mwand)

* [[Jacker song]]
* Jeskola Buzz
** [[Jeskola Buzz machine]] (.dll)
** [[Jeskola Buzz machine preset]] (.prs)
** [[Jeskola Buzz song]] (.bmx)
* [[LMMS]] (Linux MultiMedia Studio) (.mmp, .mmpz)
* [[LOGIC]] (Logic)
* [[Maestro]] (RISC OS)
* [[Make-A-Melody]] (''Big Blue Disk'' #42) (.mus)
* Piston Collage
** [[Piston Collage noise]] (.ptnoise)
** [[Piston Collage song]] (.ptcop, .pttune)
** [[Piston Collage voice]] (.ptvoice)
* Pro Tools
** [[PTS]] (Pro Tools 7-9)
** [[PTX]] (Pro Tools 10)
* Propellerhead Reason
** [[Propellerhead Reason NN-XT Patch File]] (.sx2)
** [[Propellerhead Reason Reason Project File]] (.rsn)
** [[Propellerhead Reason Reason Song File]](.rns)
** [[Propellerhead Reason REX2 Audio File]] (.rx2)
** [[Propellerhead Reason ReCycle Loop File]] (.rex)
** [[Propellerhead Reason ReFill Sound Bank]] (.rfl)
* Renoise
** [[Renoise song]] (.xrns)
** [[Renoise instrument]] (.xrni)
** [[Renoise DSP device-chain]] (.xrnt)
* SeaTone
** [[SeaTone song]] (.pxt)
* Steinberg
** [[CUBASE]]
*** [[ALL]] - A Steinberg [[CUBASE]] VST file for saving songs (pre 2002).
*** [[ARR]] - A Steinberg [[CUBASE]] VST file for saving arrangements (pre 2002).
*** [[CPR]] - A Steinberg [[CUBASE]] SX file for saving projects (2002 - ).
*** [[NPR]] - A Steinberg [[NUENDO]] file for saving arrangements (2002 - ).
** Wavelab
*** [[MON]] (Audio montage)
* [[(Super) Studio Session song]] (.sss)

== Audio recording and sound waves ==

* Lossless compression
** [[ATRAC Advanced Lossless]] (.aal)
** [[ADA]] (Advanced Digital Audio)
** [[ALAC]] (Apple Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[APAC]] (Marian's A-pac)
** [[Dakx Wav]]
** [[Dolby TrueHD]]
** [[DTS-HD]] (Lossless variant of DTS- DTS-HD Master Audio)
** [[FLAC]] (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[LA]] (Lossless Audio)
** [[LiteWave]]
** [[LPAC]] (Lossless Predictive Audio Coding)
** [[MLP]] (Meridian Lossless Packing Audio)
** [[Monkey's Audio]] (.ape)
** [[MPEG-4 ALS]] (MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding)
** [[MPEG-4 SLS]] (MPEG-4 Scalable lossless coding mode)
** [[OptimFROG]] (.ofr, .ofs)
** [[Perfect Clarity Audio]] (.pca)
** [[RALF]] (Real Lossless Audio Codec)
** [[RK Audio]] (.rka)
** [[Shorten]] (.shn)
** [[Sonarc]]
** [[Split2000]]
** [[TAK]] (.tak)
** [[True Audio]] (.tta)
** [[VocPack]]
** [[WavArc]]
** [[WavPack]] (.wv)
** [[WMA Lossless]] (Windows Media Audio 9 Lossless)
* Lossy compression
** [[AAC]] (Advanced Audio Coding)
** Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
*** [[ACT]]
*** [[MNF]] (Yamaha ADPCM)
*** [[SPB]] (Yamaha ADPCM)
*** [[VOX]]
** ATRAC or [[Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding]] (.aa3, .oma, .at3)
** [[Audible Audiobook]] (.aa, .aax)
** [[CELT]] (.ogg)
** [[Dolby Digital]] (AC-3 or ATSC A/52)
** [[Digital Theater Systems]] (.dts)
** [[GSM]] (GSM 6.10 RPE-LTP)
** [[MPEG-4 Audio]] (.m4a, .m4b, .m4p, .m4r, .mp4)
** [[M4B]] (iTunes Audio Book)
** [[M4P]] (Fairplay DRM Encrypted [[M4A]])
** [[MPC (Musepack)|MP+]] (MPEGplus Audio)
** [[MP1]] (MPEG Audio Layer 1)
** [[MP2]] (MPEG-1 Audio Layer II)
** [[MP3]] (MPEG-1 / MPEG-2 Audio Layer III)
** [[MPA]] (MPEG Audio)
** [[Musepack Audio]] (.mpc)
** [[Opus]] (.opus)
** [[RealAudio]] (.ra)
** [[Speex]] (.spx)
** [[Vorbis]] (.logg, .oga, .ogg)
** [[WMA]] (Windows Media Audio)
* Proprietary
** [[DCT]] (Dictation format by NCH Software)
** [[Digital Speech Standard]] (.dss)
** [[Digital Voice File]] (.dvf)
** [[IC Sound]] (.ics)
** [[IKLAX]] (iKlax Media)
** [[Memory Stick Voice]] (.msv)
** [[Pono]]
* Separated parts of tracks
** [[Stems]]
* Uncompressed audio
** [[AIFF|AIF / AIFF]] (Audio Interchange File Format)
** [[Berkeley/IRCAM/Carl Sound Format]] (.sf)
** [[BWF]] (Broadcast Wave Format; variant of WAV)
** [[LPCM]] (Linear Pulse Code Modulated Audio)
** [[RAW (Audio)|RAW]] (.raw, .pcm)
** [[RF64]] (extended variant of BWF)
** [[Sony Wave64]] (.w64)
** [[WAV]] (Waveform Audio File Format)
* Various encodings
** [[AIFC]] ([[AIFF]] Compressed)
** [[AU]] (Sun Microsystems audio format)
** [[Computerized Speech Lab NSP]] (.nsp)
** [[Bonk]] (lossy/lossless audio compression)
** [[INRS-Telecom file]] (.aud)
** [[SPPACK]] (.d)
** [[WVE (Psion)]]

== Chiptune ==

* [[SAM Coupé song]] (.cop, .sng)

== Configuration files ==

* [[X2A]] (Yamaha S70xs/S90xs keyboard workstations)

== Container formats ==

* [[ASF]] (Advanced Systems Format)
* [[Core Audio Format]] (.caf)
* [[Extensible Music Format]] (.xmf)
* [[Matroska Audio]] (.mka)
* [[MP4]] (MPEG-4 Part 14 media container)
* [[Ogg]] (.ogg, .oga, .ogx, .spx, .opus)
* [[Rich Music Format]] (.rmf)
* [[RealMedia]] (.rm)
* [[WebM]] (.webm) (also used for video)

== Emulated music ==

* [[2SF]] (Nintendo DS [[PSF]])
* [[3G2]] (3GPP, also a video format)
* [[3GP]] (3GPP, also a video format)
* [[Atari SoundHeader]] (.sndh)
* [[AY]] (Amstrad CPC / ZX Spectrum)
* [[DSF]] (Dreamcast [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[EPSGMOD]] (.epsgmod, Mod2PSG)
* [[Fuxoft AY Language]] (.fmx)
* [[GBR]] (Game Boy Sound)
* [[Game Boy Sound]] (.gbs)
* [[GSF]] (Game Boy Advance [[PSF]])
* [[GSR]] (Gens Sound Record)
* [[HES]] (Hudson Entertainment System)
* [[KSS]] (MSX)
* [[KSSX]] (Possible expansion of [[KSS]])
* [[MDX]] (Sharp X68000 / MXDRV)
* [[NES Sound Format]] (.nsf)
* [[NES Sound Format Extended]] (.nsfe)
* [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]] (Portable Sound Format)
* [[PSF1]] (Playstation [[PSF]])
* [[PSF2]] (Playstation 2 [[PSF]])
* [[QSF]] (Capcom Q-Sound [[PSF]])
* [[SGC]] (Sega Master System / Game Gear / Colecovision)
* [[SID]] (Commodore)
* [[SND]] (Atari ST)
* [[SPC (Audio)|SPC]] (Super Nintendo SPC700)
* [[SSF]] (Sega Saturn [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[USF]] (Nintendo 64 [[Portable Sound Format|PSF]])
* [[YM]] (Amstrad CPC / Spectrum ZX / Atari ST)
* [[ZXAYEMUL Sound]] (.cpc)

== Game audio and music ==

(see also [[Game data files]])

* [[4X IMA ADPCM]]
* Accolade
** [[Accolade MIDI File Format]]
* Adept Software
** [[God of Thunder Music Format]]
* [[AFC]] (AFX Audio File) -- used in Mass Effect 2
* Apogee
** [[Crystal Caves Sound format]]
* Atari
** [[Slight Atari Player]] (Atari POKEY)
* [[BAF]] (Blur ADPCM)
* [[BAKA]] (PCM 16 bit)
* Bandai
** [[WSR]] (WonderSwan / WonderSwan Color)
* [[BH2PCM]]
* [[BNSF]] (G.722.1)
* Cave Story
** [[Organya]]
* Commodore Amiga
** [[A.M. Composer v1.2]] (.amc)
** [[AC1D-DC1A Packer]] (.ac1d)
** [[Actionamics Sound Tool]] (.ast)
** [[AMOS Music Bank]] (.abk)
** [[AMOS Memory Bank#AMOS Samples Bank|AMOS Samples Bank]] (.abk)
** [[Art & Magic]] (.aam)
** [[Audio Sculpture]] (.as)
** [[Beathoven Synthesiser]] (.bss)
** [[Benn Daglish]] (.bd)
** [[Benn Daglish SID]] (.bds)
** [[Channel Players]] (.chan)
** [[Cinemaware]] (.cin)
** [[Core Design]] (.core)
** [[CustomMade]] (.cm)
** [[Darius Zendeh]] (.dz)
** [[Dave Lowe]] (.dl)
** [[Dave Lowe New]] (.dln)
** [[David Hanney]] (.dh)
** [[David Whittaker]] (.dw)
** [[Desire]] (.dsr)
** [[Digital Illusions]] (.di)
** [[Digital Sonix & Chrome]] (.dsc)
** [[Digital Sound Creations]] (.han)
** [[Dirk Bialluch]] (.tpu)
** [[Dynamic Synthesizer]] (.dns)
** [[Editeur Musical Sequentiel]] (.ems)
** [[Follin Player II]] (.tf)
** [[Fred Editor]] (.fred)
** [[Fred Gray]] (.fg)
** [[Future Player]] (.fp)
** [[FWMP]] (.fw)
** [[Game Music Creator]] (.gmc)
** [[Hippel]] (.hip)
** [[Hippel-COSO]] (.hipc)
** [[Howie Davies]] (.hd)
** [[Images Music System]] (.ims)
** [[Infogrames INS]] (.ins)
** [[Janko Mrsic-Flogel]] (.jmf)
** [[Jason Brooke]] (.jcb)
** [[Jason Page]] (.jp)
** [[Jeroen Tel]] (.jt)
** [[Jesper Olsen]] (.jo)
** [[Jochen Hippel]] (.hip)
** [[Kris Hatlelid]] (.kh)
** [[Leggless Music Editor]] (.lme)
** [[Magnetic Fields Packer]] (.mfp)
** [[Maniacs of Noise]] (.mon, .jt)
** [[Mark Cooksey]] (.mc)
** [[Mark II Sound-System]] (.mii, .mk2, .mkii)
** [[Martin Walker]] (.mw)
** [[MaxTrax]] (.mxtx)
** [[Mike Davies]] (.md)
** [[MMDC]] (Module packer)
** [[Mugician]] (.mug)
** [[Mugician II]] (.mug2)
** [[NovoTrade Packer]] (.ntp)
** [[Pierre Adane Packer]] (.pap)
** [[Professional Sound Artists]] (.psa)
** [[Promizer]] (.pr1)
** [[ProPacker 2.1]] (.pp21)
** [[ProPacker 3.0]] (.pp30)
** [[Prorunner 1.0]] (.prun)
** [[Prorunner 2.0]] (.pru2)
** [[Richard Joseph]] or Vectordean (.rjp)
** [[Rob Hubbard]] (.rh, .rho)
** [[Ron Klaren]] (.rk)
** [[Sean Connolly]] (.scn)
** [[Sean Conran]] (.scr)
** [[Sidmon]] (.sid)
** [[Sidmon II]] (.sid2)
** [[Silmarils]] (.mok)
** [[Sonic Arranger]] (.sa)
** [[Sound Images]] (.tw)
** [[Sound Master]] (.sm)
** [[Sound Programming Language]] (.spl)
** [[Soundcontrol]] (.sct)
** [[Soundfactory]] (.psf)
** [[SoundPlayer]] (.sjs)
** [[Special FX]] (.jd)
** [[Speedy System]] (.ss)
** [[Steve Barrett]] (.sb)
** [[Jason Page|Steve Turner]] (.jpo)
** [[Synth Dream]] (.sdr)
** [[Synth Pack]] (.osp)
** [[The Musical Enlightenment]] (.tme)
** [[The Player 4.x]] (.p4x)
** [[The Player 6.x]] (.p6x)
** [[Thomas Hermann]] (.thm)
** [[Wally Beben]] (.wb)
* CRI Middleware
** [[ADX]]
** [[AFS]] (container format for [[ADX]] / [[AHX (CRI)]])
** [[AHX (CRI)]]
** [[AIX]]
* [[DCS]] (ADPCM)
* [[Death Rally Archive]] (.bpa)
* [[DMSG]] (PCM 16 bit)
* [[EACS IMA ADPCM]] (.kcey)
* Electronic Arts
** [[8-Bit Sampled Voice]] (.8svx, .iff)
** [[Asylum Music Format]] (.amf, used in Crusader: No Remorse / Crusader: No Regret)
** [[Electronic Arts AS4 / ASF Music]] (.as4, .asf)
** [[Electronic Arts KSF Music]] (.ksf)
** [[Electronic Arts MUS]] (.mus)
** [[Electronic Arts SCxl]]
** [[Electronic Arts Sound Effects]] (.bnk, .crd)
** [[Electronic Arts Sound / Speech Files]] (.eas, .sph)
** [[IFF]] (Amiga 8SVX)
** [[Sonix Music Driver]] (.smus)
* [[EMFF]] (ADPCM)
* Epic Megagames
** [[Epic Megagames MASI]] (.masi, .psm)
* [[Final Fantasy XI Music file]] (.bgw)
* [[Funcom ISS]]
* Galaxy Music System
** [[Galaxy Music System v4.0]]
** [[Galaxy Music System v5.0]] (.j2b)
* [[GCW]] (PCM 16 bit)
* [[Generic Header]] (.genh, Generic Header Creator)
* Herad Music System
** [[Herad Music System AGD]] (.agd)
** [[Herad Music System SDB]] (.sdb)
** [[Herad Music System SQX]] (.sqx)
* [[HIS]] (PCM 8 bit)
* id Software
** [[Doom MUS]]
** [[id Software DNF]] (.dnf)
** [[id Software Music Format]] (.imf)
** [[id Software WLF]] (.wlf)
* [[IMA ADPCM]] (.bar, .dvi, .hwas, .idvi, .ivaud, .myspd, .stma, .strm)
* [[Interplay ACM]] (.acm)
* [[Inverse Frequency Sound format]]
* [[iXMF]] (Interactive [[Extensible Music Format]])
* Ken Silverman
** [[Ken's Adlib Music]] (.ksm)
** [[Ken's Digital Music]] (.kdm)
** [[SM (Ken Silverman)]] (.sm)
** [[SND (Ken Silverman)]] (.snd)
* [[LOUDNESS Sound System]] (.lds)
* LucasArts
** [[LucasArts Adlib Audio]] (.laa)
** [[SCUMM]] (SCUMM)
* [[Martin Fernandez]] (.adlib)
* Microsoft
** [[0x0069]] (Xbox ADPCM)
** [[2DX]]
** [[2DX9]] (ADPCM)
** [[DE2]] (ADPCM)
** [[Xbox IMA ADPCM]] (.matx, .wavm, .wvs, .xmu, .xvas, .xwav)
* Nintendo
** [[Advanced Mario Sequencer file]] (.mss)
** [[BRSTMPSM]] (Super Paper Mario)
** [[Donkey Konga 2 DSP]] (Donkey Konga 2)
** [[Mario Paint Composer]] (MPC)
** [[Mario Sequencer file]] (.msq)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AAAP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ADP]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AFC]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AGSC]] (.agsc)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AMTS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ASN]] (Nintendo Gamecube)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ASR]] (Nintendo Wii)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii AST]] (Nintendo Wii sound format)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BNS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BO2]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii BRSTM]] (Nintendo Wii streaming format)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii CAPDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii CFN]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii DDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii DSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GCA]] (Nintendo Wii)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GCM]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii GSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii HPS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii IDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ISD]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ISH]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii KRAW]] (Nintendo Wii)
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii LPS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MPDS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MPDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MSS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii MUS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii PDT]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SDT]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SMP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SNS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SPD]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SPT]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SSM]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STM]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STR]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii STS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii SWD]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii THP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii TYDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii VJDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WAS]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WSD]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii WSI]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii YDSP]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii YMF]]
** [[Nintendo GameCube / Wii ZWDSP]]
** [[SHI]] ([http://battleofthebits.org/lyceum/View/ShroomTool ShroomTool] Instrument, used for Mario Paint instruments)
** [[SHO]] (ShroomTool, used for Mario Paint sounds)
* Origin Software
** [[Ultima 6 Music]] (.m)
* Pixel
** [[PMD (Pixel)]]
* [[Pixel Painters]] (.fmf)
* [[Ragnarok Online 2 RMP]]
* [[Shadowlands]] (.cal)
* Sierra
** [[Sierra AGI]] (Sierra AGI)
** [[Sierra SCI]] (Used in Sierra PC games)
* Sony
** [[Sony Playstation ADS]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation ASS]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation AST]]
** [[Sony Playstation BG00]]
** [[Sony Playstation BMDX]]
** [[Sony Playstation CCC]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation CNK]]
** [[Sony Playstation DXH]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation ENTH]]
** [[Sony Playstation FAG]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation FILP]]
** [[Sony Playstation FSB]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation GCM]]
** [[Sony Playstation GMS]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation HGC1]]
** [[Sony Playstation I100]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation I400]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation I80]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation IKM]]
** [[Sony Playstation ILD]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation IVB]]
** [[Sony Playstation JOE]]
** [[Sony Playstation KCES]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation KHV]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation LEG]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation MCG]]
** [[Sony Playstation MI4]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation MIB]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation MIC]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation MIH]]
** [[Sony Playstation MIHB]] (merged [[Sony Playstation MIB|MIB]] & [[Sony Playstation MIH|MIH]])
** [[Sony Playstation MSA]]
** [[Sony Playstation MSVP]]
** [[Sony Playstation MUSC]]
** [[Sony Playstation NPSF]]
** [[Sony Playstation PNB]]
** [[Sony Playstation PSH]]
** [[Sony Playstation RKV]]
** [[Sony Playstation RND]]
** [[Sony Playstation RSTM]]
** [[Sony Playstation RWS]]
** [[Sony Playstation SFS]]
** [[Sony Playstation SIR]]
** [[Sony Playstation SL3]]
** [[Sony Playstation SMPL]]
** [[Sony Playstation SND]]
** [[Sony Playstation SPU]] (Sony Playstation)
** [[Sony Playstation STER]]
** [[Sony Playstation STH]]
** [[Sony Playstation STR]]
** [[Sony Playstation STS]]
** [[Sony Playstation SVAG]]
** [[Sony Playstation SVS]]
** [[Sony Playstation TEC]]
** [[Sony Playstation TK5]]
** [[Sony Playstation VAS]]
** [[Sony Playstation VAG]]
** [[Sony Playstation VB2]] (Playstation / PS2)
** [[Sony Playstation VGS]]
** [[Sony Playstation VIG]]
** [[Sony Playstation VPK]]
** [[Sony Playstation VS]]
** [[Sony Playstation VSF]]
** [[Sony Playstation WP2]]
** [[Sony Playstation XA2]]
** [[Sony Playstation XA30]]
** [[Sony Playstation 2 MI2]] (Sony Playstation 2)
* [[Sound Images Generation 2]] (.sig)
* [[Sound Interface System]] (.lem)
* [[STOS memory bank]] (.mbk)
* [[Unreal Music Format]] (.umx)
* Union Logic Software Publishing
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Instrument Format]]
** [[Vinyl Goddess From Mars Music Format]]
* [[Unique Development Studios]] (.uds)
* [[Video Game Music]] (.vgm, .vgz)
* Westwood Studios
** [[Westwood Studios ADL]] (.adl)
** [[Westwood Studios AUD]] (.aud)
* [[Whacky Wheels]] (.klm)
* [[XMP Game Module]] (.j2b)

== Metadata formats and related data ==

* [[APE tag]]
* [[Exif]]
* [[ID3]]
* [[ISRC]] (International Standard Recording Code)
* [[MDZ]] - strictly not itself a music format, but a metadata file for other music files used by Open Cubic Player. See http://www.cubic.org/player/doc/node72.htm
* [[Monkey's Audio metadata]] (.apl)
* [[Vorbis comment]]

== Music trackers ==

* [[1tracker module]] (.1tm)
* [[AHX (Abyss)]] (Abyss Highest eXperience)
* [[Aley's Module]] (.alm)
* [[All Sound Tracker module]] (.ast)
* [[Amiga Module]] (.mod)
* [[AProSys module]] (.aps)
* [[Archimedes Tracker module]]
* [[Arkos Tracker]] (.aks)
* [[Art of Noise module]] (.aon)
* [[ASC Sound Master module]] (.asc)
* [[B's Pro Tracker module]] (.bpm, .bps)
* [[Beepola song]] (.bbsong)
* [[BeRoTracker module]] (.br)
* [[BoyScout Tracker module]] (.bsf)
* Brian Postma SoundMon
** [[Brian Postma SoundMon v1.x module]] (.bp)
** [[Brian Postma SoundMon v2.x & v3.x module]] (.bp3)
** [[BS]]
* Buzzic
** [[Buzzic v1.x]] (.buz)
** [[Buzzic v2.0]] (.buz2)
* Chaos Music Composer
** [[CM3]] ([[CMC]] "3/4")
** [[CMC]] (Chaos Music Composer)
** [[CMR]] ([[CMC]] "Rzog")
** [[CMS]] (Stereo Double [[CMC]])
** [[DMC]] (Double ChaosMusicComposer)
* [[Chuck Biscuits/Black Artist module]] (.cba)
* [[Coconizer module]]
* [[Composer 669 module]] (.669)
* [[craptracker ii module]] (.ct2)
* [[Custom Amiga Module]] (.cus. .custom)
* CyberTracker
** [[CyberTracker instrument]] (.ci)
** [[CyberTracker module]] (.ct)
* [[DeliTracker custom]] (.cust)
* [[DeltaMusic module]] (.dta)
* Delta Music Composer
** [[Delta Music Composer module]] (.dlt)
** [[Delta Music 2.0 module]] (.dl2)
* [[Desktop Tracker module]] (.dtt)
* DigiBooster / DigiBooster PRO
** [[DigiBooster v1.x module]] (.digi)
** [[DigiBooster PRO v2.x / DigiBooster 3 module]] (.dbm)
* [[Digital Symphony module]] (.dsym)
* Digitrakker
** [[Digitrakker instrument]] (.ist)
** [[Digitrakker module]] (.mdl)
** [[Digitrakker sample]] (.spl)
* [[DigiTrekker module]] (.dtm)
* [[Digital Tracker module]] (.dtm)
* [[DisorderTracker 2 module]] (.plm)
* [[Dual Module Player DSMI]] (.amf)
* [[Eureka Packer module]] (.eu)
* [[Extended MOD]] (.emd)
* [[Extreme's Tracker module]] (.ams)
* [[FAC Soundtracker]] (MSX, extension unknown)
* [[Face the Music module]] (.ftm)
* Famitracker
** [[FamiTracker module]] (.ftm)
** [[FamiTracker instrument]] (.fti)
* Farandole Composer
** [[Farandole Form 2.0]] (.f2r)
** [[Farandole Composer module]] (.far)
** [[Farandole Composer pattern]] (.fpt)
** [[Farandole Composer sample]] (.fsm, .usm)
* [[Fashion Tracker module]] (.ex)
* FastTracker / FastTracker 2
** [[FastTracker module]] (.ft, .ftc)
** [[Extended instrument]] (.xi)
** [[Extended Module]] (.xm)
* [[FC-M Packer module]] (.fcm)
* [[Flash Tracker module]] (.fls)
* [[Flex Tracker module]] (.flx)
* [[Fuchs Tracker]] (.fchs)
* [[FunkTracker module]] (.fnk)
* Future Composer
** [[Future Composer v1.x module]] (.fc)
* Future Composer (BSI)
** [[Future Composer (BSI) module]]
* [[Fuzzac Packer module]] (.fuzz)
* [[General Digital Music module]] (.gdm)
* [[GoatTracker module]] (.sng)
* [[Grave Composer module]] (.wow)
* Graoumf Tracker
** [[Graoumf Tracker module]] (.gtk)
** [[Graoumf Tracker 2 module]] (.gt2)
* [[Global Tracker v1.x module]] (.gtr)
* [[HeatSeeker Module Cruncher v1.0]] (.crb)
* [[Hively Tracker module]] (.hvl)
* [[Ice Tracker module]]
* [[Imago Orpheus module]] (.imf)
* Impulse Tracker
** [[Impulse Tracker module]] (.it, .itbz, .itgz, .itr, .itz)
** [[Impulse Tracker sample]] (.its)
* [[JAMCracker Pro module]] (.jam)
* klystrack
** [[klystrack instrument]] (.ki)
** [[klystrack module]] (.kt)
* [[KRIS Packer / ChipTracker module]] (.kris)
* Liquid Tracker
** [[Liquid Digitized Sample]] (.lds)
** [[Liquid Tracker module]] (.liq)
* MadTracker 2
** [[MadTracker 2 envelope]] (.mte)
** [[MadTracker 2 extension]] (.mtx)
** [[MadTracker 2 instrument]] (.mti)
** [[MadTracker 2 module]] (.mt2)
** [[MadTracker 2 pattern]] (.mtp)
** [[MadTracker 2 sample]] (.mts)
* maxYMiser
** [[maxYMiser instrument]] (.myi)
** [[maxYMiser module]] (.snd)
* [[Megatracker module]] (.mgt)
* [[MO3]] (MP3 / Vorbis compressed module)
* [[MOD Edit sample]] (.sam)
* [[Module Protector + noID]] (.mp)
* Moonblaster (MSX)
** [[Moonblaster music]] (.mbm)
** [[Moonblaster sample kit]] (.mbk)
* [[Multi Track Module]] (.mtm)
* Muse Tracker / Pornotracker
** [[Musetracker / Pornotracker instrument]] (.poi)
** [[Musetracker / Pornotracker module]] (.pom)
* Music Pro Tracker
** [[Music Pro Tracker DoublePlay]] (.mpd)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MD1)]] (.md1)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MD2)]] (.md2)
** [[Music Pro Tracker module (MPT)]] (.mpt)
* [[Nerdtracker II module]] (.ned)
* [[NesTracker module]] (.nest)
* NoisePacker
** [[NoisePacker 2.x]] (.np2)
** [[NoisePacker 3.x]] (.np3)
* [[NoiseTracker module]] (.mod)
* [[Noisetrekker module]] (.ntk)
* OctaMED
** [[OctaMED module (MED)]] (.med)
** [[OctaMED module (MMD1)]] (.mmd1)
** [[OctaMED v2.00 module]] (.med3)
** [[OctaMED v2.10 module (MED4)]] (.med4)
** [[OctaMED v2.10 module (MMD0)]] (.mmd0)
** [[OctaMED v5 module]] (.mmd2)
** [[OctaMED SS module]] (.mmd3)
* Oktalyzer
** [[Oktalyzer module]] (.okt, .okta)
* [[Onyx Music File]] (.omf)
* [[Open MODPlug Tracker module]] (.mptm)
* [[Oracle module]] (.orc)
* [[Pha Packer]] (.pha)
* PlayerPRO
** [[Extended PlayerPRO module]] (.madx)
** [[PlayerPRO module]] (.mad)
* [[Polly Tracker module]]
* [[Pro Sound Creator v1.xx]] (.psc, ZX Spectrum)
* [[Pro Sound Maker]] (.psm)
* Pro Tracker
** [[Pro Tracker v1.xx module]] (.pt1)
** [[Pro Tracker v2.xx module]] (.pt2)
** [[Pro Tracker v3.xx module]] (.pt3)
* [[Pro Tracker (MSX)]] (MSX-Music, extension unknown)
* [[Poly Tracker module]] (.ptm)
* [[Pumatracker module]] (.puma)
* [[Quadra Composer module]] (.emod)
* [[RASTER Music Tracker module]] (.rmt)
* Real Tracker
** [[Real Tracker instrument]] (.rti)
** [[Real Tracker module]] (.rtm)
** [[Real Tracker sample]] (.rts)
* Renoise
** [[Renoise Song (NTK)]] (.ntk)
** [[Renoise Song (PTK]] (.ptk)
** [[Renoise Song (RNS]] (.rns)
** [[Renoise Song (XRNS)]] (.xrns)
* [[SBStudio module]] (.pac, .son, .sou)
* SCC Blaffer NT
** [[SCC Blaffer NT music]] (.sbm, MSX)
** [[SCC Blaffer NT instrument kit]] (.sbk)
* Scream Tracker
** [[Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit module]]
** [[Scream Tracker 1 & 2 module]] (.stm)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 Adlib module]] (.as3m)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 module]] (.s3m)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 / DigiTracker sample]] (.s31)
** [[Scream Tracker 3 / DigiTracker sample]] (.smp)
* [[SoundFX module]] (.sfx, .sfx2)
* Sound Tracker
** [[Soundtracker v2.6 / Ice Tracker module]] (.mtn)
** [[SoundTracker v2.6 module]] (.st26)
** [[Sound Tracker / Super Sonic module]] (.stc)
** [[Sound Tracker Pro module]] (.stp)
* [[SoundSmith module]] (.mtp)
* Soundtrakker
** [[Soundtrakker 128 instrument]] (.ins)
** [[Soundtrakker 128 module]] (.128)
** [[Soundtrakker v1.x instrument]] (.ins)
** [[Soundtrakker v1.x module]] (.sng)
* [[SQ-Tracker module]] (.sqt)
* [[Starkos Tracker module]] (.sks)
* [[StarTrekker / Star Tracker module]] (.mod, .nt)
* [[SunVox module]] (.sunvox)
* TFMX
** [[TFMX pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX 7V pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX Pro pattern data]] (.mdat)
** [[TFMX sample data]] (.smpl)
* Theta Music Composer
** [[Theta Music Composer 8-channel stereo module]] (.tm8)
** [[Theta Music Composer v1.x module]] (.tmc)
** [[Theta Music Composer v2.x module]] (.tm2)
* [[Trackerpacker 3 module]] (.tp3)
* [[Ultra Tracker]] (.ult)
* [[Velvet Studio AMS v1.x module]] (.ams)
* [[VIC-TRACKER module]] (.vt)
* [[Vortex Tracker module]] (.vtx)
* X-Tracker
** [[D-Lusion Music File]] (.dmf)
** [[D-Lusion Sound File]] (.dms)

== Musical instrument control ==

* [[ELECTONE]] - For Yamaha Electone Range Electronic Organs
** [[BOO]] - Part of the [[ELECTONE]] format.
** [[EVT]] - Part of the [[ELECTONE]] format.
* MIDI & Clones
** [[GMD]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[Gravis Ultrasound patch]] (used by MIDI synthesizers)
** [[HMI]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMP]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[HMZ]] (Compressed [[MIDI]])
** [[KAR]] ([[MIDI]] Audio)
** [[MIDI]] (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
** [[MIDS]] ([[MIDI]] clone)
** [[MIZ]] (Compressed [[MIDI]])
** [[MSS (MIDI)|MSS]] ([[MIDI]] Clone)
** [[Scalable Polyphony MIDI]]
** [[SFARK]] (SoundFont archive compressed file)
** [[SoundFont 1.0]]
** [[SoundFont 2.0]] (.sf2)
** [[XMI (Extended MIDI)]]
** [[ZIPI]] (proposed MIDI replacement)
* Hardware specific
** AdLib Sound Cards
*** [[AdLib instrument]] (.ins)
*** [[AdLib instrument bank]] (.bnk)
*** [[AdLib MSCplay]] (.msc)
*** [[AdLib music]] (.mus)
*** Adlib Tracker
**** [[Adlib Tracker instrument]] (.ins)
**** [[Adlib Tracker module]] (.sng)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument]] (.a2i)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument|Adlib Tracker II instrument with fm-register macro]] (.a2f)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument bank]] (.a2b)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II instrument bank|Adlib Tracker II instrument bank with macros]] (.a2w)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II module]] (.a2m)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II pattern]] (.a2p)
**** [[Adlib Tracker II module|Adlib Tracker II tiny module]] (.a2t)
*** [[AdLib Visual Composer / Roland Synthesizer song]] (.rol)
*** AMusic
**** [[AMusic module]] (.amd)
**** [[AMusic XMS]] (.xms)
*** [[Beni Tracker module]] (.pis)
*** [[Bob's Adlib Music]] (.bam)
*** Boom Tracker v4.0
**** [[Boom Tracker v4.0 instrument]] (.cif)
**** [[Boom Tracker v4.0 module]] (.cff)
*** [[DeFy Adlib Tracker module]] (.dtm)
*** [[Digital FM module]] (.dfm)
*** [[Drum Traker module]] (.dtl)
*** [[EdLib packed module]] (.d00)
*** [[Exotic AdLib module]] (.xad)
*** [[Extra Simple Music]] (.xsm)
*** [[Faust Music Creator module]] (.sng)
*** [[FM Tracker module]] (.fmt)
*** FM-Kingtracker
**** [[FM-Kingtracker bank]] (.fib)
**** [[FM-Kingtracker instrument]] (.fin)
**** [[FM-Kingtracker module]] (.fmk)
*** HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker
**** [[HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker module]] (.hsc)
**** [[HSC AdLib Composer / HSC-Tracker packed module]] (.hsp)
*** [[JBM Adlib Music]] (.jbl)
*** JCH
**** [[JCH-D00]] (.d00)
**** [[JCH-D01]] (.d01)
*** [[Johannes Bjerregård module]] (.jbm)
*** [[Master Tracker module]] (.mtr)
*** [[MK-Jamz audio]] (.mkj)
*** [[Mlat Adlib Tracker module]] (.mad)
*** [[MPU-401 Trakker module]] (.mtk)
*** [[Palladix module]] (.plx)
*** [[RAW (Adlib)|RAW]] (AdLib Sound Card)
*** [[Reality AdLib Tracker module]] (.rad)
*** [[SNG Player module]] (.sng)
*** Surprise! Adlib Tracker
**** [[Surprise! AdLib Tracker v1, 5, 6 module]] (.sat)
**** [[Surprise! Adlib Tracker v2.0]] (.sa2)
*** [[Twin TrackPlayer module]] (.dmo)
*** [[Vibrants module]] (.vib)
*** [[XMS-Tracker module]] (.xms)
** Akai
*** [[Akai S-series MESA multi file]] (.mlt)
*** [[Akai S-series MESA I program]] (.prg)
*** [[Akai S-series MESA II program]] (.s3p)
** [[Codisk Audio File]]
** Creative Labs
*** [[Creative Music Format]] (.cmf)
*** [[Creative Voice File]]
*** [[Sound Blaster Instrument]] (.sbi)
** [[Disney Sound Source]]
** [[DOSBox Raw OPL]] (.dro)
** [[Downloadable Sounds Banks]] (.dls)
** Gravis Ultrasound
*** [[UltraSound GF1 patch]] (.pat)
** [[Instrument Bank]] (Instrument Bank)
** [[Software Music Synthesis System]] (for 8080/Z-80 systems with S-100 bus)
** [[TRS-80 Orchestra-90]] (.orc)
** [[Voice Sequence]] (.vsq)
** Yamaha sound chips
*** [[Callus OPL Register Log]] (YM2151, .cym)
*** [[GYM]] (YM2612 / Sega Genesis)
* Software Synthesizers
** [[Farbrausch BR404 music]] (.bmf)
** [[iZotope iDrum]] (.idrum)
** Native Instruments
*** [[Native Instruments Reaktor ensemble]] (.ens)
** Steinberg VST Presets
*** [[FXB]] (Bank of presets)
*** [[FXP]] (single preset)

== Musical notation ==

* [[Guitar tablatures]]
** [[ASCII tab]] (.tab, .btab, .txt)
** [[Guitar Pro]] (.gtp)
*** [[Guitar Pro 3]] (.gp3)
*** [[Guitar Pro 4]] (.gp4)
*** [[Guitar Pro 5]] (.gp5)
*** [[Guitar Pro 6]] (.gp6)
** [[KGuitar]] (.kg)
** [[Power Tab]] (.ptb)
** [[Progression]]
** [[Rich MIDI Tablature Format]] (.rmtf)
** [[TablEdit]] (.tef)
** [[VexTab]]

* [[Musical notation]]
** [[ABC (musical notation)]]
** Capella
*** [[CAP]]
*** [[CapXML]] (.capx)
** [[ChordML]]
** Copyist
*** [[CP4]]
*** [[CP6]]
** [[Encore]] (.enc)
** [[Extensible Music Notation Markup Language]]
** [[Finale]] (.mus)
** [[Forte]] (.fnf)
** Guido
*** [[GUIDO]]
*** [[GUIDO XML]]
** JMSL
*** [[JMSL]]
*** [[JMSL Score]]
** [[JScoreML]]
** [[LilyPond]]
** [[MEI]]
** [[MHTML]]
** [[MidiXML]]
** [[minimusic]]
** [[MPEG4-SMR]]
** [[Mup]]
** [[MuseScore]]
*** [[MSC]] -(old file format)
*** [[MSCX]] - [[XML file format]]
*** [[MSCZ]] - [[GZIP]] compressed [[MSCX]]
** [[Music Description Language]]
** [[Music Markup Language]]
** [[Music Time]] (.mus)
** [[Music Time Pro]] (.mts)
** [[Musical Notation Markup Language]]
** [[MusicML]]
** [[MusicWrite]] (.mwk)
** [[MusicXML]]
** [[MusicXML compressed]] (.mxl)
** [[Musink]] (.musink)
** [[MusiqueXML]]
** [[MusiXML]]
** [[Myriad Software]] (.msf)
** [[NeumesXML]]
** [[Neuratron Photoscore Format]] (.opt)
** [[Notation Interchange File Format]]
** [[NoteAbility Pro]]
** [[Noteworthy Composer and Music Publisher]] (.nwc)
** [[NoteWriter]]
** [[Notion]]
** [[NtEd]]
** [[Overture]] (.ove)
** [[PriMus]]
** [[Rhapsody Notation Program File]] (.rhp)
** [[Rhapsody 2/3]] (RISC OS. Unrelated to the above "Rhapsody Notation Program File")
** [[Rhapsody 4]] (RISC OS, .c00)
** [[Rosegarden]] (.rg)
** [[QuickScore Elite]] (.qsd)
** [[SCORE]] (.mus)
** [[Score Perfect]] (.spp)
** [[ScoreML]]
** [[ScoreWriter]] (.scw)
** [[Sibelius]]
** [[SMDL]]
** [[SongWrite]]
** [[Studio Session Song]] (.sss)
** [[Theta]]
** [[Tilia]]
** [[Virtual Musician Markup Language]]
** [[WEDELMUSIC]]
** [[XMF]]
** [[XMusic]]
** [[XScore]] (eXtensible Score Language)

== Playlists, music libraries, music store downloaders ==

* [[Amazon downloader file]] (.amz)
* [[B4S]] (Winamp 3 playlist)
* [[FPL]] (foobar2000 playlist)
* [[iTunes Music Library]]
* [[Kapsule]] (Kazaa XML Manifest)
* [[KPL]] (Kazaa Playlist Format)
* [[M3U]] (Multimedia Playlist Format)
* [[MAGMA]] ([[Magnet URI]])
* [[MOD4WIN Module List]] (.mol)
* [[PLS]] (Multimedia Playlist)
* [[RAM]] (RealAudio)
* [[SMIL]] (W3C open standard)
* [[WPL]] (Windows Media Playlist)
* [[XML Sharable Playlist]]

== Programming languages and APIs (audio/music-specific) ==

* [[Music Macro Language]]
* [[WaveGL]]
* [[Web Audio API]]

== Ringtones ==

* [[i Melody]]
* [[M4R]] (Apple iPhone Ringtones - see [[M4A]])
* [[Polyphonic ringtone]]
* [[RTTTL]]

== Sound card related formats ==

* [[CMS (Creative Music System)]]

== Speech synthesis ==

* [[VoiceDescription]] (OS X)

== Unclassified (need to move to other categories) ==

* [[ACM]] (Audio Compression Manager)
* [[ADM]] (ADM Audio File)
* [[ANSI Music]]
* [[B1S]]
* [[BDSP]] (BotDetect Sound Package)
* [[BVG]]
* [[CBD2]]
* [[DSM]] (DSIK Internal)
* [[DSPW]]
* [[DTK]]
* [[FFW]]
* [[First Rate Music Hall]] (.pck, MSX-Music song editor using [[Music Macro Language]])
* [[GBTS]]
* [[GCUB]]
* [[GSB]]
* [[HLWAV]]
* [[IAB]]
* [[IADP]]
* [[INT]] (RAW File)
* [[ISWS]]
* [[JSTM]]
* [[KOVS]]
* [[MA]] (Music Assembler)
* [[MNSTR]]
* [[MSF]]
* [[MTAF]]
* [[S98]] (NEC PC-98)
* [[SD]] (ESPS sampled data file)
* [[SGI]] (Sound Generator 3.0 instrument)
* [[SNG (SCC Musixx)|SNG]] (SCC Musixx)
* [[Sound Effect Editor]] (.see, MSX)
* [[TFMX]] (TFMX)
* [[Vivaldi]] (RISC OS)

See the Open Cubic Player homepage for a list of demo formats: http://www.cubic.org/player/features.html

See also [[Piano Rolls]] (which is under the [[Physical File Formats]]).

== Links ==
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/09/20/kickstarting-free-open-record.html Kickstarting free, open recordings of Bach's "Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1"]
* [http://mpc-hc.org/ MPC-HC: media player for Windows handling just about all video/audio formats]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/09/27/david-byrnes-how-music-wor.html How Music Works]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/admusfmt.pro Some discussion of "advanced music formats" from 1994]
* [http://www.textfiles.com/programming/FORMATS/audiof23.txt FAQ on audio file formats (1992-07-09)]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/11/03/this-must-be-the-8-bit-place.html Chiptune version of Talking Heads song]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z2vU8M6CYI Beatles 3000: humorous video of how the future might misunderstand 20th century pop culture if artifacts decay as happened in the past]
* [http://publicdomainreview.tumblr.com/post/76437123224/chaoscontrolled123-luke-and-i-were-looking-at The Music Written on This Dude's Butt]
* [http://vimeo.com/58200103 "Eye of the tiger" played on a modified dot matrix printer]
* [http://chipflip.wordpress.com/2014/03/09/a-short-history-of-hardcore-chipmusic/ A Short History of Hardcore Chipmusic]
* [https://medium.com/message/you-need-to-hear-this-extremely-rare-recording-27619411e077 You Need to Hear This Extremely Rare Recording]
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/audio.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Audio Works]
* [http://betaboston.com/news/2014/07/17/in-a-bid-for-more-emotional-snacking-frito-lay-patents-culinary-theme-songs/ In a bid for more emotional snacking, Frito-Lay patents culinary theme songs]
* [http://www.theverge.com/2014/8/4/5968243/mit-turns-recorded-vibrations-back-into-speech-and-music Scientists reconstruct speech through soundproof glass by watching a bag of potato chips]
* [http://www.palmbeachpost.com/ap/ap/business/apple-releases-tool-to-remove-free-u2-album/nhNG9/ Apple releases tool to remove free U2 album] (which they gave you whether you wanted it or not)
* [https://github.com/AyrA/ExcelPlayer Excel sheet that plays video and audio]
* [http://webaudio.github.io/web-audio-api/ Web Audio API (W3C)]
* [http://www.wonderingsound.com/feature/why-collecting-music-matters/ Why Collecting Matters: Citizen Archivists and the Battle for Future Pasts]
* [http://mediaarea.net/en/MediaInfo MediaInfo: software that shows metadata for audio/video files]
* [http://www.bl.uk/projects/save-our-sounds Save our Sounds]
* [http://www.davidsystems.com/#tools David Systems tools: includes online loudness analysis of sound files]
* [http://createdigitalmusic.com/2015/07/next-web-standard-music-notation/ The next Web standard could be music notation]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_3d1x2VPxk How Oldschool Sound/Music worked] (video)

[[Category:Audio and Music| ]]

Magnet URI

2016-02-28T23:46:57Z

JesseW: Created page with "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet_URI_scheme http://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0009.html https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3844502/how-do-bittorrent-magnet-links-work ..."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet_URI_scheme

http://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0009.html

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3844502/how-do-bittorrent-magnet-links-work

TODO: Summarize above links here.