Just Solve the File Format Problem - User contributions [en]

PXL-2000

2022-06-26T19:53:01Z

Cogburnd02:

The Fisher-Price PXL-2000 was a toy camcorder on the market only in 1987. Despite it being a toy, it actually does record video and audio to an audio cassette tape. The video is very low resolution and black and white only and the audio is mono audio, stored on one channel of the stereo audio cassette.

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PXL2000

reviewed by youtuber The 8-Bit Guy, featuring youtuber TechMoan:
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCXJ5twf5tM

Technical data:
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4hM5X7m5_k

Used in Archive 81 and Love And Other Drugs:
* https://youtu.be/xzahKOiIiQY?t=189

github links:
* https://github.com/sevkeifert/pxl-2000-decoder
* https://github.com/mwturvey/pxl2000_Magic
* https://github.com/TroyMcQuinn/pxl2000-converter

PXL-2000

2022-06-26T19:52:48Z

Cogburnd02:

The Fisher-Price PXL-2000 was a toy camcorder on the market only in 1987. Despite it being a toy, it actually does record video and audio to an audio cassette tape. The video is very low resolution and black and white only and the audio is mono audio, stored on one channel of the stereo audio cassette.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PXL2000

reviewed by youtuber The 8-Bit Guy, featuring youtuber TechMoan:
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCXJ5twf5tM

Technical data:
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4hM5X7m5_k

Used in Archive 81 and Love And Other Drugs:
* https://youtu.be/xzahKOiIiQY?t=189

github links:
* https://github.com/sevkeifert/pxl-2000-decoder
* https://github.com/mwturvey/pxl2000_Magic
* https://github.com/TroyMcQuinn/pxl2000-converter

PXL-2000

2022-06-26T19:49:52Z

Cogburnd02: Created page with "The Fisher-Price PXL-2000 was a toy camcorder on the market only in 1987. Despite it being a toy, it actually does record video and audio to an audio cassette tape. The video ..."

The Fisher-Price PXL-2000 was a toy camcorder on the market only in 1987. Despite it being a toy, it actually does record video and audio to an audio cassette tape. The video is very low resolution and black and white only and the audio is mono audio, stored on one channel of the stereo audio cassette.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PXL2000

reviewed by youtuber The 8-Bit Guy, featuring youtuber TechMoan:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCXJ5twf5tM

Technical data:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4hM5X7m5_k

Used in Archive 81 and Love And Other Drugs:
https://youtu.be/xzahKOiIiQY?t=189

github links:
https://github.com/sevkeifert/pxl-2000-decoder
https://github.com/mwturvey/pxl2000_Magic
https://github.com/TroyMcQuinn/pxl2000-converter

Video

2022-06-26T19:48:38Z

Cogburnd02:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=electronic
|thiscat=Video
|image=Clearview-hdtv-20351280340940ssqn.jpg
}}
Formats related to video and multimedia.

== Introduction ==
* For an excellent introduction to the issues around audio and video formats, see [http://www.avpreserve.com/blog/a-primer-on-codecs-for-moving-image-and-sound-archives-2/ A Primer on Codecs for Moving Image and Sound Archives - and 10 Recommendations for Codec Selection & Management] [http://www.avpreserve.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/AVPS_Codec_Primer.pdf PDF version]
* [http://www.garymcgath.com/streamingprotocols.html Basics of streaming protocols]

==Pure video formats==
These formats are "monolithic" video formats, meaning that the file format and the encoding of the video data are tied to each other.

See also [[Graphics#Animated image formats]], and the [[#Video application formats]] section below.

* [[Ace Film]]
* [[Bink Video]] (BIK)
* [[CDXL]]
* [[CFAST Disney Animation Studio]]
* [[The Complete Animator Film]]
* [[Cyber Paint Sequence]]
* [[DPX]]
* [[FLIC]] (FLI/FLC; animation format used by older Autodesk products)
* [[GRASP GL]] animation format
* [[IFF-DEEP]]
* [[KWZ]]
* [[MTV Movie (.MTV)]]
* [[MTV Video (.AMV)]]
* [[PPM (Flipnote)]]
* [[PSMF]]
* [[SGI movie]]
* [[Smacker]]/SMK (created by RadGameTools; mostly used in games)
* [[VDEO]]
* [[WTV]]

==Video container formats==
These formats are only containers for video, which can contain videos in many different encodings (or even other data like audio).

See also the [[#Video application formats]] section below, for some higher-level container-like formats.

* [[Advanced Recording Format]]
* [[ASF]]
* [[EBML]]
** [[Matroska]]
** [[WebM]]
* [[FLV]]
* [[ISO Base Media File Format]]
** [[MP4]]
** [[QuickTime]]
* [[MPEG Program Stream]] (.mpg)
* [[MPEG Transport Stream]]
** [[M2TS]] (MPEG-2 based packet format used on [[Blu-ray Disc]]s)
* [[MXF]]
* [[Ogg]]
** [[Ogg Skeleton]]
** [[OGM]]
* [[RealMedia]]
* [[Acorn Replay|Replay]]
* [[RIFF]]
** [[AVI]]
* [[Webex Recording Format]]
* [[WOT]]

=== Single-stream container formats ===
* [[MPEG Elementary Stream]]
* [[Packetized Elementary Stream]] (packet format within MPEG streams)

==Video stream formats==
A.k.a. ''codecs'', these formats are raw bitstream formats commonly contained in one of the above containers (though some can be used on their own, in one way or another).

* [[3ivx]] (this is just a fourcc for an MPEG-4 variant)
* [[Apple Intermediate Codec]]
* [[AV1]]
* [[Cineform]]
* [[Cinepak]]
* [[Daala]]
* [[Dirac]]
* [[DivX]] (this is essentially MPEG-4 with some quirks)
* [[EVC]]
* [[FFV1]]
* H.261 - See [[MPEG-1]]
* H.262 - See [[MPEG-2]]
* [[H.264]] (MPEG-4 AVC)
* [[HEVC]] (H.265)
* [[HuffyYUV]]
* [[Indeo]]
* [[LCEVC]]
* [[Moving Blocks]] - Acorn Replay stream
* [[MSU Lossless Video Codec]]
* [[NSV]] Nullsoft Streaming Video
* [[ProRes]] (Apple RAW)
* [[QuickTime Animation]]
* [[Sorenson]] Video Codec
* [[TechSmith Screen Capture Codec]]
* [[Theora]]
* [[Thor]]
* [[VC-1]]
* [[VC-3]]
* [[VP8]]
* [[VP9]]
* [[VVC]]
* [[XviD]] (MPEG-4 variant)

== Video application formats ==
An application format is a name for a set of restrictions and extensions to a standard container format. It may (or may not) be restricted to a small set of stream formats. Some such formats are called ''profiles''.

* [[3G2]]
* [[3GP]]
* [[AVC (file format)]]
* [[DVR-MS]]
* [[Enhanced VOB]]
* [[F4V]]
* [[MJ2]]
* [[MK3D]]
* [[MKV]]
* [[MP4]], M4V
* [[Ogg Skeleton]]
* Ogg Theora - See [[Theora]]
* [[OGM]]
* OGV - See [[Ogg]]
* [[Protected Interoperable File Format]] (PIFF)
* [[RealMedia Variable Bitrate]]
* RealVideo - See [[RealMedia]]
* [[RIFF Multimedia Movie]] (.mmm)
* [[VOB]]
* [[WebM]]
* [[WMV]]

== Standards suites ==
* [[MPEG]]
** [[MPEG-1]]
** [[MPEG-2]]
** [[MPEG-3]]
** [[MPEG-4]]
** [[MPEG-5]]
** [[MPEG-A]]
** [[MPEG-H]]

==Metadata formats==
* [[F4M]] (Flash Media Manifest)
* [[FilmConservationMetadata]]
* [[SRR]] (reScene files)
* [[SRS]] (reSample files)

==Subtitle formats==
* [[CMML]] (Continuous Media Markup Language)
* [[CVD]] (An SVCD subtitle format)
* [[DVD subtitle format]]
* [[DXFP]] (Distribution Format Exchange Profile)
* [[EBU STL]]
* [[EBU Timed Text‎]]
* [[JACOsub]] (Subtitles for Amiga video)
* [[Kate]] (OGG Kate subtitle format)
* [[Matroska subtitles]]
* [[OGT]] (Philips Overlay Graphics Text)
* [[SAMI subtitle format]] (SMI)
* [[Scenarist Closed Caption]] (SCC)
* [[Spruce subtitle format]] (STL)
* [[Structured Subtitle Format]] (SSF)
* [[SubRip text file format]] (SRT)
* [[SubStation Alpha]] (SSA, ASS)
* [[SUP]] (HD-DVD subtitle format)
* [[Universal Subtitle Format]] (USF)
* [[VobSub]] subtitle format (.sub, .idx)
* [[WebVTT]] (Web Video Text Tracks Format)
* [[XSUB]] (XSUB subtitle format)

==Annotation formats==
* [[ELAN Annotation Format]]

==Interactive media files==
(generally accompany video streams and other multimedia, tying them together in a presentation or user-interaction as on a disc)

* [[BDMV]] (Blu-ray disc files for user interactivity)
* [[CLPI]] (Blu-ray disc clip info files)
* [[MPLS]] (Blu-ray disc playlists)

==Video Developer/Editor files==
* [[After Effects]] (.aep, .aepx)
* AVID
** [[Media Composer]] (.avp, .avb)
* [[DaVinci Resolve]] (.drp)
* [[Final Cut Pro]] (.fcp)
* [[Final Cut Pro X]] (.fcpbundle)
** [[FCPXML]]
* [[Heroglyph Project Format]]
* [[iMovie]] (.iMovieProj)
* [[Kdenlive]]
* [[MOFF-MODD]] (Sony PlayMemories)
* [[Apple Motion]]
* [[3D Movie Maker]] (.3mm)
* [[Windows Movie Maker]] (.mswmm, .wlmp)
* [[Muvee]]
* [[OpenShot]]
* [[Pinnacle Studio Video Project]] (.stu)
* [[Premiere Pro]] (.prel, .prproj)
* Roxio
** [[DMSM]] (VideoWave project)
** [[DMSS]] (VideoWave SlideShow Project)
* Sony Vegas
** [[Sony Vegas project format]] (.veg)
** [[Sony Vegas Movie Studio project format]] (.vf)
** [[Sony Vegas window layout format]] (.vegaswindowlayout)
* [[VideoStudio]] (.vsp)
* [[Wax]]
* [[Wink]]
* [[Winmorph]]

==Video streaming services==
* [[Amazon Instant Video]]
* [[Hulu]]
* [[Netflix Streaming]]
* [[Vimeo]]
* [[Xfinity On Demand]]
* [[YouTube]]

==Television broadcast formats==
* [[BTSC]] (NTSC with multichannel sound carrier)
* [[NTSC]]
* [[PAL]]
* [[SECAM]]

Also see [[Chyron]] for on-screen graphics.

See [[Radio]] for more details of how such broadcasts are transmitted.

== Teletext ==
Services that transmitted text or other data within a broadcast signal, and protocols and formats they used
* [[Ceefax]]
* [[NAPLPS]] (North American Presentation Layer Protocol Syntax)
* [[Red Button Text]]

== 3D video ==
* [[Anaglyph 3D format]]
* [[Blu-ray 3D format]]
* [[MK3D]]
* [[SENSIO Hi-Fi 3D format]]
* [[Side-by-side 3D format]]
* [[Top-and-bottom 3D format]]

==Uncategorized==
These formats might eventually get sorted into the above categories, or might not quite fit in any of them.
* [[avrecode]]
* [[AVS]]
* [[Cinema RAW Light]] Canon (.crm)
* [[Canon XF-AVC]]
* [[Canopus ProCoder]]
* [[Phantom CINE]] (.cci, .cin, .cine)
* [[Cinema Craft Encoder]]
* [[CinemaDNG]]
* [[DL]]
* [[EDL]] (Edit Decision List)
* [[Elecard]]
* [[FIASCO]]
* [[InterVideo]]
* [[JPEG XS]]
* [[Lenel Video]]
* [[Lotus ScreenCam movie]] (.scm)
* [[MainConcept]]
* [[MASH]]
* [[Microsoft Photo Story]] (.wp3)
* [[MovieSetter]]
* [[NSD]] (Nero Super Video CD)
* [[RTP]]
* [[SheerVideo]]
* [[VDR (VirtualDub)]]
* [[PXL-2000]]

== Software ==
Refer to:
* [[Conversion Software#Video]]
* [[Video file creation software]]

== Links ==
* [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Category:Video_Codecs MultimediaWiki: Video Codecs]
* [http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Category:Container_Formats MultimediaWiki: Container Formats]
* [http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/06/the-trajectory-of-televisioninternet-rebellion-and-hardware-renaissance/ The trajectory of television]
* [http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_video.asp HTML5 video tag]
* [http://mpc-hc.org/ MPC-HC: media player for Windows handling just about all video/audio formats]
* [http://doctorbeet.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/lg-smart-tvs-logging-usb-filenames-and.html LG Smart TVs logging USB filenames and viewing info to LG servers]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LfPWXIF5Ss&feature=youtu.be Lossless vs. corruption (video)]
* [http://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/movimg.html Library of Congress Recommended Format Specifications: Moving Image Works]
* [http://www.google.com/get/videoqualityreport/ Video Quality Report (from Google)] - shows how your Internet connection fares with streaming video
* [https://github.com/AyrA/ExcelPlayer Excel sheet that plays video and audio]
* [http://mediaarea.net/en/MediaInfo MediaInfo: software that shows metadata for audio/video files]
* [http://www.encoding.com/html5/ HTML5 video guide]
* [http://dev.iptc.org/Video-Metadata Video metadata standardization project]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161016201327/http://preservationguide.co.uk/?p=244 A Compressed View of Video Compression]

Audio Cassette

2022-06-26T19:36:18Z

Cogburnd02:

{{FormatInfo
|formattype=physical
|subcat=Magnetic tape
|thiscat=Audio Cassette
|image=audiocassettes.jpg
|caption=Some audio cassettes
}}
An '''audio cassette''', AKA "Compact Cassette", was a popular medium for sound recording from the mid-1960s through the 1990s, introduced by Philips as one of the formats for compact audio tapes, in competition with the [[DC International Cassette]] and the rather obscure [[Sanyo Tape Cartridge]] (also marketed as the Sears Tape Cartridge). Originally designed for such uses as office dictation (replacing earlier technologies such as the [[Dictabelt]]), it eventually achieved greater sound quality to permit it to be used for music, both for home recording, where it replaced [[Open Reel Audiotape|reel-to-reel tape decks]], and for sales of prerecorded music, where it was used alongside [[8-Track]] tapes and [[Gramophone record|vinyl records]], and later [[CD]]s. Like all physical media, it has declined in use in recent years in favor of digital data.

In early home and hobby computers of the 1970s and 1980s, audio cassettes were often used as a data storage medium, until disk drives became sufficiently available and affordable to become the dominant means of storage.

==Types==
* [[Type I audio cassette]]
* [[Type II audio cassette]]
* [[Type IV audio cassette]]
* [[Microcassette]]

==Audio quality==
* [[Cassette bias and equalization]]
* [[Dolby noise reduction]]
* [[Head alignment (azimuth)]]

==Data formats==
A number of early personal computers used audio cassettes to store programs and data. See also [[Magnetic tape data storage]]. There was even some use of [http://blog.modernmechanix.com/the-floppy-rom-software-distributed-on-records/ vinyl records] as a means of storing data in similar format to cassettes.

* [[APF Imagination Machine data cassette]]
* [[Apple II data cassette]]
* [[Atari data cassette]]
* [[CCE MC-1000 data cassette]]
* [[Coleco ADAM Digital Data Pack]] (DDP; note: required special high-density preformatted cassette, but physical shape was the same)
* [[Colour Genie data cassette]]
* [[Commodore data cassette]]
* [[CUTS data cassette]] (used on various 1970s-era systems)
* [[Datapoint 2200 data cassette]]
* [[IBM PC data cassette]]
* [[Kansas City Standard data cassette]] (used on SOL-20, Exidy Sorcerer, and others)
* [[KIM-1 data cassette]]
* [[TRS-80 Color Computer data cassette]]
* [[TRS-80 data cassette]]
* [[Video Genie data cassette]]
* [[ZX Spectrum BLK format data cassette]]

There was also (at least) one method of storing video data on an audio cassette: the Fisher-Price [[PXL-2000]] toy camcorder used audio cassettes as the recording medium.

==Sticky-shed syndrome==
Sticky-shed syndrome is a condition created by the deterioration of the binders in a magnetic tape, which hold the iron oxide magnetizable coating to its plastic carrier.

==Links and resources==
* [[Wikipedia:Compact Cassette|Compact Cassette (Wikipedia)]]
* [[Wikipedia:Sticky-shed syndrome|Sticky-shed syndrome]]
* [http://boingboing.net/2012/12/07/sony-ceases-production-on-cass.html Sony ceases production on cassette player/recorders]
* [https://discussions.apple.com/thread/1551414?start=0&tstart=0 Discussion on digitizing audio cassettes with a Macintosh]
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/02/14/portable-usb-record-playercas.html Portable USB record player / cassette deck]
* [http://thisisnthappiness.com/post/47980204166/never You will never buy another record!] (Vintage ad)
* [http://boingboing.net/2013/05/24/lamps-made-from-cassette-tapes.html Lamps made from cassette tapes]
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=collection%3Aplaybackmagazine%20%22playback%20magazine%20issue%22&page=1 Playback: magazine on cassette]
* [http://www.cassettefilm.com/ Cassette: A Documentary]
* [http://datassette.net/ Electronic music group Datassette] - their name perhaps implies they think their music sounds like a computer-data cassette?
* [http://www.juxtapoz.com/current/brian-dettmer-s-melted-casette-tape-skeletons-and-skulls Gallery of skulls and skeletons created with melted-down cassettes]
* [http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/21/7026095/guardians-of-the-galaxy-mixtape-will-be-released-on-cassette-tape The awesome 'Guardians of the Galaxy' mixtape will be released on cassette]
* [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2015-09-01/the-last-audio-cassette-factory The last audio cassette factory (video)]
* [http://www.c-90.org/catalogue/tapes Project C-90: An Ultimate Audiotape Guide]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9SM9lG47Ew The 8-Bit Guy: How old school cassette tape drives worked] (video)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2CE_zmpHcWQ Auto-Reverse: The Hard Way]

[[Category:Audio and Music]]
[[category:Consumer]]