Programming Languages

Programming languages are languages expected to be executed (interpreted, compiled, etc.) by a machine in order to perform operations or algorithms. They are distinct from markup languages, which represent the structure of a document rather than specific operations to be performed, though it is possible to combine both in a document (e.g., HTML containing embedded JavaScript, or PHP code which includes HTML). Programming language code is stored as source code which may be directly interpreted by a machine or compiled or assembled into executables.


 * ActionScript (Flash)
 * Ada
 * ALGOL
 * APL
 * Assembly language (various versions for different machine architectures)
 * B
 * BASIC (Beginner's All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
 * Batch file (DOS, Windows, OS/2)
 * BCPL
 * Bourne shell script: .sh
 * C
 * C++
 * C#
 * COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language)
 * COMAL
 * D
 * dBase programming language (and related languages such as FoxPro and Clipper)
 * Erlang
 * FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation)
 * Haskell
 * INTERCAL
 * Java
 * JavaScript (JScript, ECMAscript)
 * LISP
 * Logo
 * Lua
 * Machine language (various versions for different machine architectures)
 * Matlab
 * MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System)
 * Music Macro Language
 * Objective-C (used in Mac and iOS development)
 * Pascal
 * Perl
 * PHP
 * Pixilang
 * PL/I
 * Programmable calculators
 * Programmable Command Language (PCL), for TOPS-20
 * Prolog
 * Python
 * RobotWar
 * RPG
 * Ruby
 * Smalltalk
 * SNOBOL
 * SQL
 * TRAC programming language

Resources

 * A comprehensive list of over 2000 programming languages and a small sample programs for each of them is available here
 * Rosetta Code attempts to present solutions to the same task in different programming languages.
 * A Brief, Incomplete, and Mostly Wrong History of Programming Languages