Web

Formats connected with the World Wide Web, though most of them overlap into other categories; basically everything that can be put in a file format of any sort can be put on the Web, and a multiplicity of types of documents, graphics, audio, video, markup, programming languages, and more, are used there. The Web is a variety of hypermedia, by far the most successful one.

Blogging and web hosting platforms

 * Blogger
 * Posterous
 * Xanga

Cloud platforms

 * Amazon Web Services (AWS)
 * Amazon Resource Name (ARN)
 * Google Cloud
 * Heroku
 * IBM Cloud
 * Microsoft Azure Cloud

Content management systems

 * Drupal
 * WordPress

Development software

 * Dreamweaver site settings file (.ste)
 * Homestead SiteBuilder (.hc, .xpf)
 * Master Album Maker (.mmp)

Feeds, syndication, and metadata

 * Atom (syndication format)
 * h-entry (Microformats, was part of HAtom until split and renamed in microformats2)
 * h-feed (Microformats, was part of HAtom until split and renamed in microformats2)
 * hListing (Microformats; product/service listings)
 * hMedia (Microformats; image/video/audio metadata)
 * hNews (Microformats; news articles)
 * h-resume (Microformats; resumes/CVs)
 * h-review (Microformats; ratings/reviews)
 * opencomic (syndication of webcomics)
 * OPML
 * RDF
 * RDFa (linked data in HTML)
 * RSS

Markup, documents and data

 * 3DMLW (3D Markup Language for Web)
 * Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP)
 * BBCode
 * Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
 * Sass (pre-processor for CSS)
 * Compressed Markup Language (CML, PQA; used in PalmOS)
 * HTML/XHTML
 * Markdeep
 * Markdown
 * MHTML
 * Wiki markup
 * WML
 * WOFF

General

 * Web browser files (bookmarks, cookies, configurations, etc.)
 * Web server files (server configuration, etc.)

Specific

 * Internet Shortcut (Windows)
 * Webloc (Mac OS X)

Protocols and parameters

 * Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
 * DNS
 * Domain name
 * Top-level domain
 * Gopher
 * HTTP
 * HPACK (HTTP)
 * HTTPS
 * IP address
 * IPV6
 * JSON API
 * Linked Data Platform
 * MIME types
 * QUIC
 * SOAP
 * TCP/IP
 * Tor
 * URLs (and URIs, URNs, etc.)
 * URL encoding
 * WAP
 * WebDAV

Scripts/Applets/Plug-Ins/Frameworks/APIs/Templating

 * Active Server Pages (ASP)
 * ActiveX
 * Audio Data API (Mozilla)
 * BrowserFS
 * ECMAScript
 * Java
 * JavaScript
 * JavaServer Pages (JSP)
 * Liquid (.liquid)
 * MediaStream Processing API
 * .Net Framework
 * node.js
 * NPAPI
 * Open Web App Manifest (.webapp)
 * PHP
 * React
 * Server Side Includes
 * Shockwave (Director)
 * Silverlight
 * SWF (Flash)
 * VBScript
 * Web Audio API
 * WMLScript

Site dumps, multi-file packaging, and offline reading

 * ARC (Internet Archive)
 * HAR (HTTP Archive)
 * MAFF (Mozilla Archive Format)
 * Package (Web)
 * PackageForTheWeb
 * Portable Web Publications
 * WARC
 * Webarchive (Safari)
 * XOWA
 * Zeno
 * ZIM

Miscellaneous

 * Adobe Cross Domain Policy File (crossdomain.xml)
 * Ads.txt
 * Canonical Link Relation (rel="canonical")
 * carbon.txt
 * Content Security Policy
 * DWF - AutoDesk's Design Web Format; AutoCAD & Revit can publish to this format; similar in concept to PDF files; AutoDesk Design Review is the reader
 * Favicon
 * Form URL encoding
 * Galen (framework for testing responsive sites)
 * JSON-LD (JSON for linked data)
 * Mark of the Web
 * Multipart/Form-Data
 * Open Graph protocol
 * OpenSearch Description
 * P3P (Platform for Privacy Preferences)
 * Percent-encoding
 * rel-author (Microformats; link to author homepage)
 * rel-home (Microformats; link to site homepage)
 * rel-license (Microformats; link to site license)
 * rel-nofollow (Microformats; gets robots to ignore link)
 * rel-payment (Microformats; link to payment method)
 * rel-tag (Microformats)
 * Robots Exclusion Standard (robots.txt)
 * Security.txt
 * Sitemap
 * URL shorteners
 * Web Annotation Protocol
 * Web-safe colors

History

 * Arthur C. Clarke predicts computers and the Internet in 1974
 * Tim Berners-Lee discusses Web protocols/formats in Jan 1992
 * What the Internet looked like in 1995
 * 1996 Internet Step-By-Step Guide video
 * 1997 "Kids' Guide to the Internet" video
 * 1998: prognosticator predicts "By 2005 or so, it will become clear that the Internet's impact on the economy has been no greater than the fax machine's"
 * First posts on famous websites
 * Internet Archaeology: Behold the Most Hilarious Abandoned Websites

Privacy and security

 * Paranoid Browsing plug-in
 * Justdelete.me: Delete your account on lots of web services
 * Throw off the spooks by disguising your web traffic
 * Disconnect: visualize and block invisible websites that track you
 * How's My SSL? (tests the security of your browser)
 * Check URL for stuff Websense thinks is malicious or might be subject to filtering for some reason
 * Brandis Reassures Australians: Data Retention Laws Only For People Using World Wide Web

Commentary

 * How to search the Web like the NSA
 * If I could, I would repeal the Internet
 * Meet the Hackers Who Want to Jailbreak the Internet
 * W3C statement about adding DRM/content protection to web standards
 * What Bruce Sterling Actually Said About Web 2.0 at Webstock 09
 * To Wash It All Away
 * What is still on the web after 10 years of archiving?
 * Symmetrical web archiving

Tools and utilities

 * Web archiving tools and software
 * Three Tools for the Web-Savvy Historian: Memento, Zotero, and WebCite
 * Archival Acid Test (tests whether web archivers preserve functionality)
 * warcbase: A web archive browser built on HBase
 * Ad Detector: flags sponsored content
 * Sketchy: takes screenshots and scrapes text from web pages
 * Using ImagePlot to Explore Web Archived Images
 * BrowserStack screenshot automation
 * Memento "time travel" extension for Chrome
 * BibSonomy and Memento
 * RFC 7089 - proposed HTTP protocol extension for date-time negotiation
 * Time travel API documentation
 * The Web, Annotated
 * WebRecorder: create archival copies of sites you browse
 * Carbon dating the Web
 * Web Search by the people, for the people
 * Builtwith: shows what tools are behind a site
 * Ping me when a standard is supported by 90% of browsers
 * Resources to Search the Invisible Web
 * Download virtual machines running various versions of MSIE
 * CodePen: in-browser HTML/CSS/JS editor with instant results
 * Netcapsule: Browse old websites in emulated old browsers
 * Deslide: Display those web slideshows on one page
 * oldweb.today: View old web pages in emulations of old browsers
 * ArchiveSpark: Apache Spark framework that facilitates access to Web Archives
 * HyperDev: developer playground for building web apps (More info)

Other

 * Mozilla's Web Literacy Standard
 * Chasing the Cicada: Exploring the Darkest Corridors of the Internet
 * The average lifespan of a webpage (2011)
 * A longitudinal study of Web pages continued: a consideration of document persistence (2004)
 * The Conservatives' website purge has destroyed history
 * Front end of gov.uk site, downloadable from Github
 * Downworthy: A browser plugin to turn hyperbolic viral headlines into what they really mean
 * Flex the power of cURL for web dev testing and data transfers
 * mcurl: Command line memento client to retrieve old versions of web pages from archives
 * Surfing modern web with ancient browsers
 * Web at 25
 * Restoring a 14 year old website
 * Internet Archive 404 Not Found Handler
 * Web archiving policies of various archives and national libraries
 * Information Search in Web Archives (academic thesis)
 * Bookmarklets are dead... we just don't know it yet
 * Improving color on the web