ImageMagick

ImageMagick is an open source image processing toolkit. It supports a fairly large number of image file formats, and is useful as a format conversion tool.

ImageMagick includes an "identify" utility that can reveal a lot of information about the file format, and other characteristics of an image.

There is a fork of ImageMagick called GraphicsMagick, which is more stable, but less frequently updated.

Examples
Converting from one format to another is usually as simple as typing something like: $ convert example.png example.jpg

For ImageMagick v7+, you may have to use, or  , instead of.

A more advanced example, to convert to a portable BMP file: $ convert example.png -alpha remove -compress none BMP3:example.bmp

For information about an image file: $ identify -verbose example.png

For a list of supported formats: $ convert -list format

Related formats

 * MIFF (Magick Image File Format)
 * MPC (Magick Persistent Cache)
 * MVG (Magick Vector Graphics)

Format cross-reference
This is not a complete list of ImageMagick's formats and pseudo-formats, but it is intended to include at least the portable image file formats that ImageMagick natively supports.

The "RW" column indicates read support (R), write support (W), or both (RW).