AIFF

Overview
AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) files store uncompressed signed audio samples inside an IFF container. See that article for more details. There's also a compressed variant, called AIFC, which has its own page.

AIFF chunks provide native metadata. In addition, although it is not in the specification, an ID3 chunk is often used to include ID3V2 metadata.

Software

 * SoX

Sample files

 * http://cd.textfiles.com/audio11000/MEDIA/SOUNDS/AIFF/
 * https://telparia.com/fileFormatSamples/audio/aif/

Resources

 * Page from fileformat.info
 * Wikipedia article
 * some more detailed information
 * McGill University also has lots of info on the format here
 * Another source of information