Scientific Data formats

General

 * cdf (Common Data Format)
 * hdf (Hierarchical Data Format, from NASA)
 * NetCDF (Network Common Data Format)
 * XDF (eXtensible Data Format)

Astronomical

 * FITS (Flexible Image Transport System)

Geographic and Geospatial

 * GeoTIFF (Geospatial extensions to TIFF)
 * SAIF (Spatial Archive and Interchange Format, Canadian)
 * SDTS (Spatial Data Transfer Standard)

Medical Imaging

 * DICOM

== Meteorological and Oceanographic


 * GRIB (Grid in Binary)
 * BUFR (Binary Universal Format Representation)